Ameristar Casino Kansas City, Inc. et al v. Tai Ping Carpets Americas, Inc.
Filing
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ORDER denying 5 Defendant's motion to dismiss. Signed on 12/12/13 by District Judge Greg Kays. (Francis, Alexandra)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
WESTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
WESTERN DIVISION
AMERISTAR CASINO KANSAS
CITY, INC., and
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AMERISTAR CASINO ST. CHARLES, INC., )
)
Plaintiffs,
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v.
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TAI PING CARPETS AMERICAS, INC.,
)
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Defendant.
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Case No. 4:13-CV-0264-DGK
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO DISMISS
This dispute arises from Plaintiffs Ameristar Casino Kansas City, Inc. and Ameristar
Casino St. Charles, Inc.’s purchase of carpet from Defendant Tai Ping Carpets Americas, Inc.
(“Tai Ping”). Plaintiffs allege that shortly after they purchased and installed the carpet, it began
to prematurely wear and lose its original texture and color. Plaintiffs are suing Tai Ping for
breach of contract, breach of express warranty, breach of implied warranty of merchantability,
and breach of implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.
Now before the Court is Tai Ping’s motion to dismiss for improper venue (Doc. 5). Tai
Ping contends the parties’ contract contains a mandatory forum selection clause requiring any
lawsuit be heard in Gordon County, Georgia. Finding that Tai Ping has failed to establish that
the forum selection clause is part of the parties’ contracts, the motion is DENIED.
Standard of Review
Tai Ping’s motion is brought as a motion to dismiss for improper venue under Fed. R.
Civ. P. 12(b)(3). “Unlike a motion brought under Rule 12(b)(6), when a motion is brought under
Rule 12(b)(3), the Court is not required to accept the pleadings as true and may consider facts
outside of the pleadings.” Thomas v. Auto. Tech., Inc., No. 4:12CV00775-ERW, 2012 WL
3763750, at *1 (E.D. Mo. Aug. 29, 2012). A defendant moving to dismiss under 12(b)(3) bears
the burden of demonstrating that the plaintiff’s choice of venue is improper. Mounger Const.,
LLC v. FiberVision Cable Servs., LLC, No. 2:11cv00081-ERW, 2012 WL 4793764, at *3 (E.D.
Mo. Oct. 9, 2012). “Generally, the moving party makes its required showing by submitting
affidavits or other evidence.” Id.
Forum selection clauses are presumptively valid unless unjust, unreasonable, or invalid.
Breman v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1, 15 (1972). A mandatory forum selection clause
“should control absent a strong showing that it should be set aside.” Id.
Differing Factual Claims
The parties agree that from 2007 through early 2009, Ameristar Casinos, Inc.
(“Ameristar”) subsidiaries located in Indiana, Iowa, and Mississippi purchased carpet from Tai
Ping and installed it in their respective casinos. Based upon the quality and performance of these
carpets, Plaintiffs each placed an order for carpet with Tai Ping. The parties dispute how these
sales occurred and whether their contracts included a forum selection clause.
Tai Ping has submitted the affidavit of Lise Beasley who has worked for Tai Ping for
twenty years. Ms. Beasley is currently a project support manager; in the previous ten years she
worked as the director of customer service. She states that in both positions she was personally
familiar with the process by which Tai Ping received and filled orders. She states that in the
ordinary course of business, Tai Ping would receive an inquiry or a bid request for carpet from a
prospective customer. Tai Ping would then prepare a pro forma invoice describing the product to
be supplied, quoting a price, and including other details. Ms. Beasley states it was Tai Ping’s
“custom and practice to provide the attached terms and conditions with the pro forma invoice to
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a prospective customer,” and that she is not aware of any instance in which Tai Ping failed to
provide the terms and conditions to a customer prior to the carpet shipping from port or at time
of invoice.
She also states that “Tai Ping has not located a copy of the Terms and Conditions that
have been signed by Ameristar, but it is my belief based on my personal experience and history
with Tai Ping that the Terms and Conditions would have been provided to Ameristar as a normal
business practice.” She also claims that “[a]s a routine matter, subsequent to delivering the pro
forma invoice, Tai Ping would receive some order or confirmation that the customer wanted to
accept the proposal contained in the previously provided quote.” A final payment invoice would
be delivered at the time the order was completed.
Among other items attached to her affidavit is a one page document titled “Terms of
Sale” that lists, in small print, thirty-one different conditions. Condition number fifteen under
“Claims, Complaints and Remedies” states that, “Any action by Purchaser for breach of this
Agreement must be commenced within one year after the cause of action has accrued. Purchaser
agrees with The Company that any Court action in connection with the sale of the goods subject
to these terms shall be Gordon County, Georgia.”
Plaintiffs contend they bought the carpet by issuing purchase orders. They contend Tai
Ping accepted their orders, and, as in previous transactions with the other Ameristar subsidiaries,
Tai Ping did not counteroffer or disclose any terms and conditions relating to its sale of carpet
that included a forum selection clause. They have submitted an affidavit from John Annillo, the
Ameristar’s Director of Procurement. Annillo states that he negotiated the purchase price of the
carpet on behalf of the Plaintiffs, and he does not recall at any point during the negotiation
process Tai Ping presenting him with, or asking him to agree to, the Terms of Sale document.
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He states to his knowledge Tai Ping never provided Ameristar or the Plaintiffs with the Terms of
Sale.
He claims he did not agree to the Terms of Sale or any of its provisions, nor did he
execute the Terms of Sale. In fact, he does not recall ever seeing Tai Ping’s Terms of Sale.
Plaintiffs have also submitted the affidavit of David Schulte, Plaintiff’s Regional Director
of Purchasing from August 2008 through 2010. Schulte states that he issued Plaintiffs’ purchase
orders to Tai Ping, that these purchase orders were subsequently modified on several occasions,
and that he believed these purchase orders governed the carpet purchases. He claims Tai Ping’s
pro forma invoices were not part of any contract between the parties and that Tai Ping never
provided Ameristar with the Terms of Sale. Mr. Schulte also states he did not agree to any of the
provisions in the Terms of Sale; he never executed a Terms of Sale; and that under Ameristar’s
corporate policy only a property general manager or other corporate officers are authorized to
execute agreements that include terms and conditions like those in Tai Ping’s Terms of Sale.
Discussion
Plaintiffs argue their lawsuit was properly filed in the Western District of Missouri, and
Tai Ping’s motion to dismiss is based on a forum selection clause that (1) was never seen by
Plaintiffs, (2) was never executed or agreed to by the parties, (3) was not included or referenced
by the parties’ contracts, and (4) is invalid on its face.
Tai Ping responds by attacking Plaintiffs’ affidavits, noting the affiants do not deny
seeing the Terms of Sale, they simply claim they “do not recall” seeing it. Additionally, Tai Ping
argues Ameristar’s failure to sign the Terms of Sale document is irrelevant. Tai Ping suggests it
is common in the industry for terms of sales, as well as purchase orders, to not be signed because
most industry communications occur via email and pro forma invoices, purchase orders, and
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even terms of conditions are incorporated by reference without signatures. Tai Ping notes, for
example, that Plaintiffs’ purchase orders do not even contain a signature line.
Tai Ping further suggests that Plaintiffs’ claim that the Terms of Sale were not included
or referenced in the parties’ contract is simply incorrect. Tai Ping maintains its pro forma
invoices to which the Terms of Sale were allegedly attached are essential components of the
parties’ contracts and contained such detailed terms that the only action needed to be taken by
Plaintiffs was to accept or reject Tai Ping’s offer. Tai Ping argues that each Plaintiff accepted
Tai Ping’s offer and the incorporated conditions.
The Court holds that given the existing record, the Court cannot determine whether the
parties’ contracts incorporate the Terms of Sale containing the forum selection clause.
Accordingly, the Court holds Tai Ping has not met its burden of demonstrating that Plaintiff’s
choice of venue is improper. Accordingly, the motion is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Date:
December 12, 2013
/s/ Greg Kays
GREG KAYS, JUDGE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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