Gotcher et al v. Duffie
Filing
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IT IS ORDERED: 1. The United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana's Memorandum of Decision on June 3, 2015 is AFFIRMED. Signed by Judge Brian Morris on 11/14/2017. (ELL)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MONTANA
BUTTE DIVISION
FILED
NOV 1 4 2017
Cieri(, u.s District Court
District Of Montana
Great Falls
CV 15-34-BU-BMM
InRe
MARY KAY DUFFIE,
ORDER
Debtor.
MARY KAY DUFFIE
Appellant,
v.
STEVE GOTCHER AND SHARON
GOTCHER,
Appellees.
The United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana entered a
Memorandum of Decision in this matter on June 3, 2015. (Doc. 19-8 at 118.) Judge
Kirscher excepted $88,348.61 from Duffie's bankruptcy discharge, pursuant to 11
U.S.C. § 523(a)(2)(A). Id. at 143. Appellant Mary Kay Duffie filed a brief
appealing the decision by Judge Kirscher on August 18,2017. (Doc. 19.)
Appellees Steve and Sharon Gotcher ("Gotchers") filed their response on
September 25,2017, (Doc. 24.) The Court conducted a hearing on October 26,
2017. (Doc. 28.)
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BACKGROUND
The Court will recite the facts only as necessary for this appeal. Duffie, d/b/a
SRO LIVE, purchased the Rialto Theater in Bozeman, Montana in November of
2010. (Doc. 19-1 at 40-49.) Duffie also purchased the Covellite Theater in Butte,
Montana in May of2011. Id. at 31-39. Duffie entered into Commercial Lease
Agreements for both properties with Stephen Michael Rangel (HMichael"), her
significant other. (Doc. 19-17 at 51-54.)
Michael met Steve and Sharon Gotcher during the summer of2011. (Doc.
29 at 22.) Michael and Duffie extended an offer to the Gotchers in August of 20 11
to become co-owners of the two theaters. Id. at 23. Duffie typed the Co-Ownership
Agreement at this meeting. Id. at 12, 23. Duffie and Michael signed the Co
Ownership Agreement at the meeting. Id. at 27. The Gotchers did not sign. Id. at
24.
Michael returned a few days later and presented the Gotchers with a second
Co-Ownership Agreement. Id. at 25. Pursuant to the second agreement, Gotchers
purchased a 10% equity interest in the Covellite Theater and the Rialto Theater in
exchange for $140,000. Id. at 26. Gotchers and Stephen Michael signed this second
Co-Ownership Agreement. Id. at 27. Duffie typed the second Co-Ownership
Agreement, but did not sign. Id. at 28. The second Co-Ownership Agreement,
similar to the first, nevertheless listed her as a party in the recitals of the final page.
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(Doc. 19-1 at 14-17.) The second Co-Ownership Agreement also contained a space
for her signature. Id.
Gotchers made several payments totaling $87,000.00 under the second Co
Ownership Agreement. (Doc. 29 at 71.) Gotchers made these payments by taking
cash advances on credit cards, selling a vehicle, and refinancing a building that the
Gotchers own in Butte, Montana. Id. at 71-72. The parties' relationship eventually
soured. Gotchers advised Michael and Duffie in February 2012 that they wanted to
discontinue the business relationship. (Doc. 19-4 at 65.) Gotchers further
demanded a refund of all money that they had invested. Id. Gotchers stopped
making payments under the second Co-Ownership Agreement and retained legal
counsel. (Doc. 29 at 74.)
Gotchers filed an action against "Mary Kay Duffie and Stephen Michael,
d/b/a SRO Live" in Montana's Second Judicial District Court in Silver Bow
County. The Clerk of Court entered judgments by default in the amount of
$97,960.00 jointly against Duffie and Michael on November 9,2012. (Doc. 19-1 at
29.) Duffie persuaded the state court to set aside her default. Id. at 27. Duffie
eventually responded to Gotcher's complaint and asserted counterclaims for
slander of title, breach of contract, use of space, consulting and website, and lost
profits.ld. at 19-26.
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Duffie sought protection under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code on
December 7, 2013. (Doc. 19-3 at 17.) The bankruptcy court confirmed her Chapter
13 plan on April 30, 2014. (Doc. 19-3 at 13.) Gotchers commenced an adversary
proceeding in United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana on May
7,2014. (Doc. 19-1 at 13.)
Duffie retained local counsel and counsel from North Carolina to represent
her. (Doc. 19-3 at 4.) Duffie had to travel to California before the originally
scheduled trial. Health problems made it difficult for Duffie to return to Montana.
(Doc. 19-8 at 74-76.) Judge Kirscher allowed Duffie and her North Carolina based
counsel to appear by video at various pre-trial proceedings. Judge Kirscher also
granted Duffie's motion for a 60-day continuance on the original trial date to
accommodate her health issues. (Doc. 19-7 at 8.)
Judge Kirscher denied a motion by Duffie to allow her and her North
Carolina based counsel to appear by video at the trial. (Doc. 19-8 at 84.) Judge
Kirscher cited Steve Gotcher's hearing difficulties as the basis for the denial.ld.
Judge Kirscher held a trial regarding this matter on March 30, 2015. Duffie's local
counsel represented her at the trial. Duffie did not appear.
DISCUSSION
The Court possesses jurisdiction to hear appeals from final judgments,
orders, and decrees of bankruptcy courts. 28 U.S.C.A. § 158(a)(1). Courts review
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the bankruptcy court's findings of fact for clear error and its conclusions oflaw de
novo. In re Kimura, 969 F.2d 806, 810 (9th Cir. 1992). Courts review for abuse of
discretion decisions made by bankruptcy courts concerning docket management. In
re Fletcher Intern., Ltd., 536 B.R. 551, 557 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) see also In re Tukhi,
568 B.R. 107, 116 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2017).
The Court declines to dismiss summarily this matter for Duffie's failure
to comply with the Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.
Gotchers argue that Duffie's appeal should be dismissed summarily due to
her failure to file a Statement of the Case, or to have stated clearly the documents
that relate to her appeal. (Doc. 24 at 16.) Duffie originally failed to order a
transcript of the trial. Id. Duffie attempted to correct her mistakes in her reply brief.
She now states that she ordered the trial transcript on October 11, 2017. The Court
declines to dismiss Duffie's procedural defaults and instead will address the merits
of her appeals.
The bankruptcy court acted within its discretion in refusing to allow
Duffie or her counsel to appear at trial by video in lieu of a physical
appearance in the Butte courtroom.
This issue involves the bankruptcy court's management of its docket. The
Court reviews these actions for abuse of discretion. In re Tukhi, 568 B.R. at 115.
Duffie argues that the bankruptcy court abused its discretion by failing to comply
the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") by not allowing her and her North
Carolina based counsel to appear at trial by video. (Doc. 19 at 17-18.) Duffie
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contends that her disability entitled her to a "right to due process" to appear by
video.ld.
The ADA does not apply to the federal judiciary. Us. v. Wishart, 146 Fed.
Appx. 171, 173 (9th Cir. 2005). Duffie pointed during oral argument to the United
States District Court District of Montana's Guidelines for Providing
Accommodations for Trial Participants with Communication Disabilities
("Guidelines"). These Guidelines recommend that courts in the District of Montana
should provide reasonable accommodations to participants in federal court
proceedings.
The Ninth Circuit determined that appellate courts regularly should defer to
the bankruptcy court's "assessment of what action is need to facilitate the court's
management of its own docket." In re Tukhi, 568 B.R. at 115. Judge Kirscher
determined that Steve Gotcher suffers from hearing loss that cannot be improved.
(Doc. 19-8 at 85.) Judge Kirscher determined, however, that Steve Gotcher
comprehended the proceedings sufficiently when counsel was present in the
courtroom.ld. Judge Kirscher acted within his discretion to manage his docket in
deciding to not allow Duffie to appear by video at the trial. Judge Kirscher
previously had granted Duffie a 60-day continuance of the trial to accommodate
her difficulty in traveling from California to Butte for the trial. (Doc. 19-7 at 8.)
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Duffie knew that her decision to hire counsel from North Carolina could
entail considerable expenses for his travel. Judge Kirscher possesses discretion to
manage his docket. In re Tukhi, 568 B.R. at 115. Judge Kirscher did not abuse his
discretion in denying the motion to appear by video in light of Steve Gotcher's
hearing loss and the fact that Judge Kirscher previously had continued the trial for
60 days to allow Duffie to seek medical treatment in California. (Doc. 19-7 at 8.)
The Court agrees with the bankruptcy court's determination that
Gotchers had proven the exception to discharge under 11 U.S.C. §
523(a)(2)(A) by a preponderance of the evidence. The Court further agrees
with the bankruptcy court's decision to allow Gotchers to seek an exception
from discharge against Duffle even in light of the state court judgment against
Michael.
This issue involves both questions of fact and conclusions of law, therefore,
the Court reviewed de novo. In re Kimura, 969 F.2d at 810. Section 523(a)(2)(A)
excepts from discharge in bankruptcy a debt resulting from "false pretenses, a false
representation, or actual fraud, other than a statement respecting the debtor's or an
insider's financial condition." The creditor bears the burden of proving by a
preponderance of the evidence that § 523(a)(2)(A)'s applies. Duffie misstates the
different standards in her brief. (Doc. 19 at 30.) The preponderance of the evidence
standard requires a lower evidentiary burden than the beyond a reasonable doubt
standard.
The creditor must demonstrate the following to establish a claim for an
exception to discharge under § 523(a)(2)(A): (1) the debtor made representations;
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(2) that at the time the debtor knew the representations were false; (3) that the
debtor made representations with the intention and purpose of deceiving the
creditor; (4) that the creditor justifiably relied on such representations; and (5) that
the creditor sustained the alleged loss and damage as the proximate result of the
misrepresentations. Ghomesh v. Sabban, 600 F.3d 1219, 1221 (9th Cir. 2010).
Judge Kirscher determined, and the record reflects, that Duffie and Michael
had represented that they owned the theaters jointly and were financially well off.
(Doc. 29 at 44.) Duffie further stated that she and Michael were going to
contribute $1 million the purchase their 90% interest in the theater. (Doc. 29 at 24.)
Duffie and Michael actually contributed only $7,500. Id. at 45. Judge Kirscher
rejected Duffie's claim that she lacked knowledge of the falseness of these claims.
Judge Kirscher noted that Duffie had typed the original Co-Ownership Agreement
at a meeting with Gotchers. (Doc. 19-8 at 123.) Judge Kirscher further noted that
both Co-Ownership Agreements contained a signature line for Duffie. Id. at 141.
Judge Kirscher found that sufficient facts existed to impute the fraud of
Michael to Duffie. Id. at 142. Judge Kirscher cited Duffie's attempts to enforce the
Co-Ownership Agreement against the Gotchers. Duffie tried to enforce the Co
Ownership Agreement in a letter to the Gotchers in which she and Michael alleged
that the Gotchers had failed to pay the remaining balance. Id. at 23. Duffie
additionally tried to enforce the Co-Ownership Agreement in the April 4, 2012,
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Notices to Comply or Quit. Id. at 26. Duffie demanded that the Gotchers
immediately remit payment to SRO Live. Id. Finally, Duffie sought to enforce the
Co-Ownership Agreement against the Gotchers in the Montana state court action
filed by Gotchers. (Doc. 19-1 at 19-26.)
Judge Kirscher determined that the totality of the circumstances indicated
an intent to deceive. (Doc. 19-8 at 141.) Judge Kirscher found that the Gotchers
justifiably had relied on Duffie's representation that she would transfer a 10%
ownership interest in the theaters to them. Id. at 132. Judge Kirscher further found
that the Gotchers had suffered damages as the result of Duffie's failure to transfer
the 100/0 interest. Id.
A review of the record supports Judge Kirscher's determination that the
Gotchers had proven by a preponderance of the evidence an exception to discharge
under § 523(a)(2)(A). The Court agrees with the bankruptcy court's determination
that the Gotchers could seek an exception to discharge against Duffie in
bankruptcy court even in light of the state court judgment against Michael.
Gotchers acknowledged at oral argument that Duffie and Michael stand jointly and
severally liable for this debt.
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,
.
CONCLUSION
The Court has reviewed all issues raised by Duffie in her appeal brief. The
Court finds that the Gotchers' Complaint did not lack merit. The Court further
finds that the Gotchers stated a claim upon which relief could be granted.
Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED:
1. The United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana's
Memorandum of Decision on June 3, 2015, is AFFIRMED.
DATED this 14th day of November, 2017.
Brian Morris
United States District Court Judge
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