Staton v. Butte-Silver Bow Law Enforcement Department et al

Filing 281

ORDER granting 247 Motion for Attorney Fees Signed by Judge Brian Morris on 6/3/2024. (KAH)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MONTANA
BUTTE DIVISION
RHONDA STATON,
CV-20-60-BU-BMM

Plaintiff,
vs.

ORDER

CITY & COUNTY OF BUTTE-SILVER
BOW and DOES 1-10,
Defendants.
INTRODUCTION
The Court held a jury trial in this matter from February 12, 2024, to February
16, 2024. (Doc. 221; Doc. 225; Doc. 228; Doc. 229; Doc. 234.) The jury found in
favor of Defendant City and County of Butte-Silver Bow (“BSB”) on Plaintiff
Rhonda Staton’s claims for hostile work environment and disability discrimination.
(Doc. 241 at 1–2.) The jury rendered a verdict in favor of Staton on Staton’s
retaliation claim and awarded Staton $349,000 in damages. (Id. at 1, 3.) Staton has
filed a motion for attorney’s fees. (Doc. 247.) BSB opposes this motion. (Doc. 260).
BACKGROUND
Staton worked for BSB’s Law Enforcement Department (“LED”) from
December 10, 2001, until August 24, 2020. (Doc. 217 at 3.) Staton brought claims
against BSB for hostile work environment, sex discrimination, disability
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discrimination, retaliation, violation of the Family and Medical Leave Act
(“FMLA”), and emotional distress. (Doc. 7 at 17–27.) Staton also asserted a claim
for punitive damages. (Id. at 28.)
The Court dismissed Staton’s claims for emotional distress, punitive damages,
and violation of FMLA. (Doc. 63 at 10; Doc. 160 at 37.) The Court also dismissed
Sheriff Ed Lester as a defendant. (Doc. 63 at 10.) Staton voluntarily dismissed the
Butte-Silver Bow LED and the Board of County Commissioners of Butte-Silver
Bow. (Doc. 27 at 2.) Staton also voluntarily dismissed her claim of sex
discrimination and one claim for disability discrimination before submitting the case
to the jury. (Doc. 234.) Staton submitted claims of retaliation, failure to
accommodate, and hostile work environment to the jury. The jury rendered a verdict
in favor of Staton on the retaliation claim and in favor of BSB on the other two
claims. (Doc. 241.)
LEGAL STANDARD
Section 2000e-5(k) of Title 42 of the United States Code provides that the
Court may allow the prevailing party in any action brought under 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e
et seq. “a reasonable attorney’s fee (including expert fees) as part of the costs.” A
court exercises discretion in awarding attorney’s fees under Title VII. Dosier v.
Miami Valley Broadcasting Corp., 656 F.2d 1295, 1301 (9th Cir. 1981) (citing 42
U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k)). A court must follow, however, the two-prong approach
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adopted by the Ninth Circuit for determining the appropriate amount of attorney’s
fees to award. “A court must first calculate a ‘lodestar’ figure by ‘multiplying the
number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly
rate.’” Davis v. City of San Francisco, 976 F.2d 1536, 1541 (9th Cir. 1992) (quoting
Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984); Cunningham v. County of Los Angeles,
879 F.2d 481, 484 (9th Cir. 1988)). “After computing the lodestar, the district court
should assess whether additional considerations that [the Ninth Circuit] has
enumerated require the district court to adjust the figure.” Caudle v. Bristow Optical
Co., 224 F.3d 1014, 1028 (9th Cir. 2000) (internal citations omitted).
DISCUSSION
Staton seeks an award of attorney’s fees in the amount of $629,137.75. Staton
further seeks an award for $59,713 for paralegal fees and $39,759.83 for non-taxable
costs. (Doc. 248 at 15.) BSB argues that the Court should deny Staton’s request for
attorney’s fees and non-taxable costs. BSB contends that an insufficient evidentiary
basis exists to support the jury verdict on Staton’s retaliation claim. (Doc. 260 at 1.)
The Court has addressed this argument previously and refers to its earlier order on
this issue. (Doc. 279.) BSB further contends that Montana law prohibits an award of
attorney’s fees and that Staton does not constitute a prevailing party. (Doc. 260 at
2.)

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BSB argues alternatively that if Staton is awarded attorney’s fees, the Court
must reduce the requested award significantly. (Id. at 1.) BSB again cites Staton’s
lack of success on her other claims and argues that the amount of time and hourly
rate claimed prove unreasonable. (Id.)
I.

Attorney’s Fees
Both Title VII and the Montana Human Rights Act (MHRA) permit the Court,

in its discretion, to award attorney’s fees to a party that prevails in an action brought
under those acts. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k); Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2-511(3)(a). No
doubt exists that retaliation represents an action under both Title VII and the MHRA.
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a); Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2-301. The jury found in favor of
Staton on her retaliation claim but found in favor of BSB on Staton’s other Title VII
and MHRA claims. BSB argues that Staton may not recover attorney’s fees despite
her success on her retaliation claim.
a. Prevailing Party
“[A] prevailing plaintiff should recover attorneys’ fees unless ‘special
circumstances’ make the award unjust.” Dosier, 656 F.2d at 1301 (citing Newman
v. Piggie Park Enterprises, Inc., 390 U.S. 400, 402 (1968); Christiansburg Garment
Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 417 (1978)). The U.S. Supreme Court has determined
that a plaintiff meets the definition of a prevailing party for the purposes of awarding
attorney’s fees “if they succeed on any significant issue in litigation which achieves
some of the benefit the parties sought in bringing suit.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461
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U.S. 424, 433 (1983); see also Davis, 976 F.2d at 1541 n.1. A party need not prevail
on all claims in order to constitute a “prevailing party.” Passantino v. Johnson &
Johnson Consumer Prods., 212 F.3d 493, 517–18 (9th Cir. 2000). A court may not
award fees, however, for time spent on unrelated claims on which the party failed to
prevail. Hensley, 461 U.S. at 435.
Staton prevailed on her retaliation claim. The jury awarded $349,000 in
money damages related to that claim. Staton constitutes a prevailing party because
she succeeded on a significant issue in the litigation (her retaliation claim) and
received a benefit sought in bringing the suit (money damages). The question
remains whether Staton’s other claims proved unrelated to her retaliation claim such
that the Court should prohibit Staton from recovering fees for work done on those
other claims. Civil rights cases often involve claims for relief that “involve a
common core of facts or [are] based on related legal theories.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at
435. An attorney’s time in such cases “will be devoted generally to the litigation as
a whole, making it difficult to divide the hours expended on a claim-by-claim basis.”
Id. The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that “[s]uch a lawsuit cannot be viewed
as a series of discrete claims.” Id.
The Ninth Circuit addressed an issue nearly identical in Passantino. The
claimant in Passantino brought claims for both sex discrimination and retaliation.
212 F.3d at 504. The jury found in favor of the claimant only on her retaliation claim.
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Id. The Ninth Circuit noted that the claimant’s retaliation claims “were inextricably
intertwined with her discrimination claims.” Id. at 518. The Ninth Circuit reasoned
that “to prevail on her retaliation claims, [the claimant] had to prove that she
reasonably believed that [her employer] was engaged in discriminatory activity.” Id.
(citing Moyo v. Gomez, 32 F.3d 1382, 1384–85 (9th Cir. 1994)). “[T]he time spent
on [the claimant’s] discrimination claims contributed to the success of her retaliation
claims.” Id. The Ninth Circuit accordingly upheld the award of attorney’s fees.
This Court similarly has awarded attorney’s fees where a claimant brought 13
other claims related to wrongful discharge and discrimination but succeeded only on
a retaliation claim. Rhoten v. Rocking J Ranch, LLC, CV 21-46-M-DLC, 2022 U.S.
Dist. LEXIS 211722, at *11 (D. Mont. Nov. 22, 2022). The Court noted that “each
claim stemmed from the same allegations of harassing treatment and relied on the
same legal theories.” Id. The Montana Supreme Court has awarded attorney’s fees
for time spent in a multi-plaintiff case where only one plaintiff succeeded on their
claim. Edwards v. Cascade County, 212 P.3d 289, 294 (Mont. 2009). The district
court in that case reduced the attorney’s fees award by 74 hours to account for time
spent on the unsuccessful plaintiffs’ cases. Id. at 292. The Montana Supreme Court
determined that the claims “involve[d] a core set of facts and [were] based on the
same legal theory.” Id. at 293. The Court further determined that substantial

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evidence existed that the attorney’s time could not be segregated between the claims.
Id. at 294.
The Court finds unpersuasive BSB’s argument that Staton’s retaliation claim
proved wholly distinct from her other claims. The Court applies the same reasoning
used in Rhoten, Passantino, and Edwards. Staton’s retaliation claim involved
substantially the same facts, related legal theories, and substantially the same
allegations as her other claims. Moreover, the Court instructed the jury, as requested
by BSB, that for Staton’s conduct to constitute protected activity, Staton must have
had a reasonable belief that she was reporting illegal conduct. (Doc. 246 at 10; Doc.
206 at 15.) BSB may have stipulated to the fact that Staton filed an HR complaint,
but Staton still had the burden of proving “that she reasonably believed that [BSB]
was engaged in discriminatory activity” when she filed her complaint. Passantino,
212 F.3d at 518. The time spent on Staton’s other claims contributed to the success
on her retaliation claim and thus, proves inextricably intertwined with the time spent
on the claim on which she prevailed. Id.
The Court finds that Staton constitutes a prevailing party for the purposes of
awarding attorney’s fees and that Staton’s discrimination, hostile work environment,
and other claims prove related and intertwined with her retaliation claim.
Accordingly, the time that Staton’s counsel spent on her other claims proves
“reasonable and compensable.” Rhoten, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 211722, at *11.
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b. Montana Law
BSB argues that two Montana statutes prohibit Staton from recovering
attorney’s fees. (Doc. 260 at 3–4, 12.) The Court first notes that Staton brought
claims under both Title VII and the MHRA. Thus, even if state law barred her from
recovering attorney’s fees on her MHRA claim, Staton could recover under 42
U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k) since Staton prevailed on her federal retaliation claim.
BSB argues that Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2-505(8) prohibits Staton from
recovering attorney’s fees because Staton failed to succeed in the Montana Human
Rights Bureau (“MHRB”) proceedings. BSB’s argument ignores the fact that this
statute relates to contested hearings. Staton never engaged in a contested hearing.
(Doc. 264 at 2.) The MHRB dismissed the complaint pursuant to Mont. Code Ann.
§ 49-2-504(7)(b). This dismissal gave Staton the option to continue with the
administrative process by filing objections or discontinuing the administrative
process and commencing proceedings in district court. Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2504(7)(b). Staton chose the latter. Section 49-2-511(3)(a) permits a Court to award
attorney’s fees to a litigant who chooses this path. Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2511(3)(a). BSB’s argument that Staton had to prevail in the MHRB proceedings to
recover attorney’s fees fails in light of § 511(3)(a)’s authorization of attorney’s fees
for cases dismissed with a “no cause” finding.

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BSB also argues that Mont. Code Ann. § 2-9-314 bars Staton’s recovery of
attorney’s fees because Staton failed to file a copy of her fee agreement with the
claim. (Doc. 260 at 12.) Section 2-9-314 requires an attorney representing a claimant
in a tort claim against a governmental entity to “file with the claim a copy of the
contract of employment showing specifically the terms of the fee arrangement
between the attorney and the claimant.” The Montana Supreme Court has
determined that § 2-9-314(1) “says nothing about when the copy of the contract of
employment must be filed.” Story v. Bozeman, 791 P.2d 767, 777 (Mont. 1990). The
Montana Supreme Court rejected the same argument that BSB now makes in
determining that a fee agreement filed after entry of judgment met the statute’s
requirement. Id. BSB’s argument that this statute prohibits Staton from recovering
attorney’s fees also fails, as Staton filed her fee agreement after entry of judgment.
(Doc. 249-1.)
c. Lodestar Calculation
The Court must calculate the number of hours “reasonably expended on the
litigation” and a “reasonable hourly rate” to determine the lodestar amount. Caudle,
224 F.3d at 1028. The calculations should involve “consideration of the results
obtained by the prevailing litigant.” Id. “Where a plaintiff has obtained excellent
results, [their] attorney should recover a fully compensatory fee.” Hensley, 461 U.S.
at 435. “If, on the other hand, a plaintiff has achieved only partial or limited success,
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the product of hours reasonably expended on the litigation as a whole times a
reasonable hourly rate may be an excessive amount.” Id. at 436. This reasoning
remains true “even where the plaintiff’s claims were interrelated, nonfrivolous, and
raised in good faith.” Id. A court determining an award where the plaintiff has
achieved only limited success “may attempt to identify specific hours that should be
eliminated, or it may simply reduce the award to account for the limited success.”
Id. at 436–37. A court necessarily exercises discretion in making this judgment. Id.
i.

Hours Reasonably Expended

The Court first notes that Staton fell short of complete success in this case.
Staton constitutes a prevailing party because she prevailed on her retaliation claim,
but the jury rejected her claims for hostile work environment and failure to
accommodate. Staton dismissed several claims and defendants voluntarily, and the
Court dismissed others on summary judgment. The Court must account for Staton’s
limited success in this case in determining the hours reasonably expended on the
litigation.
Staton received a verdict on only one claim against one defendant. Staton
originally launched seven claims against each of the four initially named defendants.
(Doc. 260-1 at 1.) The Court notes that Staton dismissed the Commissioners and
LED early in the case such that limited time likely was devoted to the claims against
them. The time spent developing the claims against Sheriff Lester likely contributed
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to Staton’s ability to present her claims against BSB. Staton spent a non-insubstantial
amount of time, however, defending and arguing motions for summary judgment on
her FMLA claim and claims against Sheriff Lester. Official immunity proved
relatively clear. It also remained clear that Staton had failed to return FMLA
paperwork and had been placed on a more favorable paid leave. Finally, the Court
has determined that Staton’s presentation of her hostile work environment and other
claims to the jury likely contributed to her success on her retaliation claim. The Court
would be remiss not to note, however, that Staton devoted substantial time to
briefing motions for summary judgment and motions in limine related to her
unsuccessful claims.
Staton relies on Rhoten to support her argument that she is entitled to
attorney’s fees despite not prevailing on every claim. (Doc. 248 at 6, 10.) The district
court in Rhoten determined a 30% reduction in overall fees appropriate to account
for the claimant’s limited success at trial. 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 211722, at *13.
The Court similarly finds that a 30% reduction in the number of hours expended
proves appropriate here to account for Staton’s limited success and to avoid an
excessive award.
The Court also must exclude hours from the calculation that prove “excessive,
redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 434. The Court also
notes that “[c]lerical tasks such as filing, scheduling, and maintaining files, are
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usually part of the overhead charged in an attorney’s hourly rate and are not
recoverable.” Runs Through v. Dschaak, CV 20-93-GF-BMM-JTJ, 2022 U.S. Dist.
LEXIS 65707, at *9 (D. Mont. Apr. 8, 2022). A review of the billing spreadsheet
filed by Staton’s counsel shows multiple entries for clerical tasks. For example,
several entries relate to calendaring deadlines (See, e.g., Doc. 249-3 at 139, 141, 144)
and maintaining the firm’s file (See, e.g., id. at 160, 162, 170–71.) Other entries
relate to filing documents with the Court. (See, e.g., id. at 138–39, 150, 161, 163.)
The Court finds that reducing Staton’s claimed hours by 40 proves appropriate to
account for these clerical billing entries.
Further review of Staton’s counsel’s billing spreadsheet also shows
substantial time claimed for travel. The Court recognizes travel time as
compensable, but the claimed travel time appears excessive where multiple parties
claim travel time for the same trip. For example, both Susan Russell and Michael
Rabb claimed their full travel time at their full rate for travelling to the same hearing.
(Doc. 249-3 at 178, 211.) Both Rabb and Fuller claimed travel time to attend the
same deposition. (Id. at 74, 186.) Counsel discounted these rates to some extent, but
it still resulted in approximately $1,658.50 in fee charges just for driving the 86 miles
from Bozeman to Butte. The Court finds these charges excessive and unreasonable
to impose on the opposing party. The Court accordingly will reduce the claimed
billable hours by 10 to avoid excessive and redundant billing.
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Excluding the hours spent on clerical tasks and the excessive travel charges,
Staton still claims 2,015 hours for her counsel’s representation in this case. The
Court finds that this claimed amount proves excessive. Reviewing the spreadsheet
demonstrates the excessive nature of the hours claimed. For example, Staton’s
counsel billed 21.2 hours on the first day of trial. This amount leaves fewer than
three hours in the day for Staton’s counsel to sleep, eat, and do anything other than
strictly work on Staton’s case. Staton’s counsel billed almost one hundred hours in
the week of trial with his paralegal billing another 45 hours. The Court recognizes
the arduous and time-intensive nature of trial. The Court struggles to find, however,
that all of this claimed time proved reasonable and necessary in presenting Staton’s
case, especially in light of the 133.6 hours that Staton’s counsel billed for trial
preparation in the two weeks leading up to the trial. Staton’s counsel argues that his
time billed proves commensurate with that billed by BSB. This argument ignores
that BSB’s counsel’s billing includes substantial time spent in the entirely separate
arbitration proceeding and time spent appealing the arbitration proceeding.
A comparison to similar cases also illustrates the unreasonableness in the
amount of time billed. The amount of time claimed by Staton in this case proves
substantially greater than the time claimed in similar cases. For example, the
prevailing party in Rhoten claimed approximately 525 hours for all attorney and
paralegal time spent on the case. (Rhoten v. Rocking J Ranch, LLC, No. 21-cv-4613

DLC, Doc. 105-1.) Rhoten involved a four-day jury trial and several pre-trial
motions including a motion to dismiss, several motions for summary judgment, and
motions in limine. Staton’s case involved slightly more robust motion practice and
a five-day trial instead of a four-day trial. Staton claims, however, 2,065.4 hours and
$688,845.66 total in legal fees. This total represents nearly four times the amount of
time claimed in Rhoten and over 6.5 times the amount of fees awarded in Rhoten.
The Court recognizes that Staton’s case spanned a longer time period than the
case in Rhoten. The Court still struggles with the large disparity, however, given the
similarity in the claims, nature, and complexity of the cases. A court “may not
‘uncritically’ accept the number of hours claimed by the prevailing party, even if
actually spent on the litigation, but must, in order to award fees based on them, find
‘that the time actually spent was reasonably necessary.’” Carson v. Billings Police
Dep’t, 470 F.3d 889, 893 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Sealy, Inc. v. Easy Living, Inc.,
743 F.2d 1378, 1385 (9th Cir. 1984)). The Court cannot find that the 2,000+ hours
claimed by Staton proved reasonably necessary in prosecuting this case. The Court
will further reduce the hours claimed by Staton to 1,400 hours. This amount of time
still proves over double that expended in the Rhoten litigation. This amount accounts
for the extra day of trial for Staton, the more robust motion practice, the longer
duration of the pre-trial proceedings, and any increased complexity relating to the
FFDE and POST standards. The Court, in its discretion, finds that 1,400 hours
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represents the time reasonably necessary in this litigation. Considering the limited
success of Staton, as the Court must, an additional 30% reduction in this amount of
time proves warranted. Rhoten, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 211722, at *13.
ii.

Reasonable Rate

“[T]he established standard when determining a reasonable hourly rate is the
‘rate prevailing in the community for similar work performed by attorneys of
comparable skill, experience, and reputation.’” Camacho v. Bridgeport Fin., Inc.,
523 F.3d 973, 979 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 895 n.11). Generally,
“the relevant community is the forum in which the district court sits.” Camacho, 523
F.3d at 979 (citing Barjon v. Dalton, 132 F.3d 496, 500 (9th Cir. 1997)). The party
seeking attorney’s fees bears the burden “to produce satisfactory evidence—in
addition to the attorney’s own affidavits—that the requested rates are in line with
those prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably
comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Camacho, 523 F.3d at 980 (quoting
Blum, 465 U.S. at 895 n.11). “[A]ffidavits of the plaintiffs’ attorneys and other
attorneys regarding prevailing fees in the community, and rate determinations in
other cases . . . are satisfactory evidence of the prevailing market rate.” Camacho,
523 F.3d at 980 (internal quotations omitted) (cleaned up). The opposing party may
rebut, however, the evidence presented by the claimant.

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The relevant community for determining a reasonable hourly rate is the Butte
division for the District of Montana, which consists of Butte, Bozeman, and
surrounding areas. Staton’s counsel submitted two affidavits in which he opined that
his rates proved reasonable and in line with the market rates in Bozeman. (Doc. 249;
Doc. 264-1.) Staton also submitted an affidavit from another lawyer that opined that
the rates charged by Staton’s counsel prove typical of or below the market rates
charged in Gallatin County. (Doc. 268.) BSB submitted a rebuttal affidavit
indicating that BSB’s attorneys charge approximately half of what Staton’s counsel
charges. BSB also presented a witness at the hearing on this matter that testified that
Staton’s counsel’s rates prove much higher than the standard market rates for
western Montana. BSB’s witness testified that the typical rate for private counsel not
paid by insurance is $275 per hour and that no one at her firm charges more than
$400 per hour.
The Ninth Circuit has set forth a variety of factors to consider in determining
the appropriate hourly rate for an attorney in the lodestar calculation. See Morales v.
City of San Rafael, 96 F.3d 359, 363–64 n.8, n.9 (9th Cir. 1996). These factors
include the following: “(1) the novelty and complexity of the issues, (2) the special
skill and experience of counsel, (3) the quality of representation, . . . [and] (4) the
results obtained.” Id. at 364 n.9. The Court already has accounted for the results

16

obtained in determining the reasonable hours expended. The Court now considers
the remaining factors in determining an appropriate fee.
Staton’s case involved multiple claims, but nearly all claims related to the
same facts or series of occurrences. The Court recognizes that discrimination law
presents procedural hurdles and complexities, like the filing of a charge of
discrimination with the EEOC or MHRB, that may require a more experienced
attorney. The Court also recognizes, however, that Staton’s claims were not novel.
Title VII and the MHRA are not new laws. Substantial caselaw exists to aid in their
interpretation and case analysis.
The skill of Staton’s counsel ranges greatly depending on the member of the
law firm performing the work in her case. The billing spreadsheet submitted by
Michael Rabb shows that of the approximately 2,065 hours billed, Rachel Fuller
billed 631.3 hours (30.6%), Susan Russell billed 339.7 hours (16.5%), Rabb billed
752.2 hours (36.4%), Lana Rupprecht billed 228.2 hours (11.1%), Byron Gruber
billed 70.4 hours (3.4%), and Jeffrey Driggers billed 28.7 hours (1.3%). (Doc. 2493.) The remaining staff billed less than one percent combined. Staton’s counsel
provided competent representation, successfully resisting motions for summary
judgment, presenting motions in limine, and achieving success with the jury on one
claim.

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Susan Russell is not an attorney but, rather, a very experienced paralegal.
Fuller was admitted to the bar in 2021 and had less than two years of experience
practicing law in Montana throughout her time on this case. Rupprecht, Rabb,
Driggers, and Gruber on the other hand represent more experienced counsel.
Rupprecht had approximately 20 years of experience while she worked on this case
with specific experience in employment law. (Doc. 264-1, ¶ 4.) Rabb has
approximately 16 years of experience practicing law. (Id., ¶ 14.) Driggers and
Gruber have 16 and 14 years of experience, respectively. (Id., ¶¶ 8, 12.)
A review of recent cases awarding attorney’s fees in the District of Montana
proves instructive. The district court in Rhoten approved rates of $395 per hour for
a senior attorney with twenty years of experience, $250 per hour for a junior
attorney, and between $125 and $175 for paralegals. (See Rhoten v. Rocking J Ranch,
LLC, No. 21-cv-46-DLC, Doc. 105-1; Doc. 111.) The district court in Runs Through
approved rates of $320, $340, and $360 per hour for a senior attorney in 2020, 2021,
and 2022, respectively. 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 65707, at *12. The district court in
Victory Processing, LLC v. Knudsen approved rates of $350 for an attorney with 25
years of experience, $300 for an attorney with 15 years of experience, and $250 for
an attorney with 6 years of experience. CV 17-27-H-CCL2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
28569, at *8 (D. Mont. Feb. 16, 2021). The district court in Sarens USA, Inc. v.

18

Lowery approved rates of $250 per hour. 525 F. Supp. 3d 1257, 1267 (D. Mont.
2021).
Even in the case cited by Staton to support her counsel’s rates, the district
court only approved a rate of $425 per hour for a named partner, $350 per hour for
senior attorneys, $275 per hour for associate attorneys, and $110 per hour for
paralegals. Wooten v. BNSF Ry. Co., 387 F. Supp. 3d 1078, 1109 (D. Mont. 2019).
These rates do not prove persuasive, however, in determining the reasonable rate for
this case. The district court in Wooten looked to rates outside of Montana because of
the lack of available attorneys in Montana who practiced in the type of railroad
litigation involved in Wooten. 387 F. Supp. 3d at 1108. Wooten thus relied on rates
in the Pacific Northwest rather than Montana. Id. The named partner in Wooten also
had over 35 years of experience, which is much more experience than any of the
attorneys who worked on Staton’s case. See Wallis v. BNSF Ry. Co., C13-40 TSZ,
2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 56834, at *6 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 23, 2024).
Michael Rabb submitted invoices showing that other clients pay his rate of
$450 per hour. “That a lawyer charges a particular hourly rate, and gets it, is evidence
bearing on what the market rate is, because the lawyer and his clients are part of the
market.” Carson, 470 F.3d at 892. The Ninth Circuit has recognized, however, that
“there is such a thing as a high charger and low charger, and the district judge is
supposed to use the prevailing market rate for attorneys of comparable experience,
19

skill and reputation, which may or may not be the rate charged by the individual
attorney in question.” Id. The Court finds from a review of the caselaw and the
evidence presented that the reasonable rates for Staton’s counsel are as follows:
Rabb - $375 per hour, Rupprecht, Byron, and Driggers - $375 per hour, Fuller - $250
per hour, and Russell - $175 per hour. Taking into account the proportion of time
each attorney worked on this matter, the Court finds that an average hourly rate of
$300 proves reasonable.
Staton’s counsel reasonably claimed 1,400 hours in this litigation. A 30%
reduction in this number proves warranted to account for the level of success
achieved by Staton. The Court has determined that $300 per hour represents a
reasonable rate for the services provided by Staton’s counsel. Accordingly, the Court
will award $294,000 in attorney’s fees.
d. Adjustment to the Lodestar Figure
A strong presumption exists that the lodestar figure represents a reasonable
figure for attorney’s fees. Morales, 96 F.3d at 364 n.8. “‘Only in rare instances
should the lodestar figure be adjusted on the basis of other considerations.’” Id.
(quoting Harris v. Marhoefer, 24 F.3d 16, 18 (9th Cir. 1994); Oviatt v. Pearce, 954
F.2d 1470, 1482 (9th Cir. 1992)). “Since consideration of limited success is
presumably ‘subsumed within the initial calculation of hours reasonably expended
at a reasonable hourly rate,’ district courts should not ordinarily make a separate
20

adjustment for limited success.” Corder v. Gates, 947 F.2d 374, 378 (9th Cir. 1991)
(quoting Cabrales v. County of Los Angeles, 864 F.2d 1454, 1464 (9th Cir. 1988)).
The Court already accounted for Staton’s limited success in determining the
reasonable number of hours expended on this litigation. The Court accounted for
other considerations, including the experience of counsel and complexity of the case,
in determining the reasonable rate. Accordingly, no adjustments to the lodestar
calculation prove warranted.
II.

Non-taxable Costs
Staton seeks an award of $39,759.83 in non-taxable costs. This amount

includes $33,192 in expert fees, which 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k) expressly permits.
BSB argues that the Court should deny the award of such fees because Staton’s
experts proved unrelated to her retaliation claim. The Court disagrees.
The testimony of Adair and Schonbrun related to damages suffered by Staton
and clearly prove compensable. Brown testified about the handling of HR
complaints and investigations and opined as to industry standards in those areas.
This testimony clearly contributed to Staton’s success on her retaliation claim. Dr.
Nicoletti testified as to the alleged flaws with Dr. Watson’s FFDE and the referral
process. This testimony lent support to Staton’s argument that the FFDE constituted
a pretext for retaliation. Stiffler testified about Staton’s perception of her work

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environment, which provided necessary context for the HR complaint upon which
Staton’s retaliation claim relied.
The remainder of the costs claimed by Staton include federal mileage in the
amount of $1,516.32, lodging in the amount of $4,676.71, and a deposition transcript
for $374.80. “It is well established that attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988
include reasonable out-of-pocket litigation expenses that would normally be charged
to a fee paying client, even if the court cannot tax these expenses as ‘costs’ under 28
U.S.C. § 1920.” Trs. of the Constr. Indus. and Laborers Health and Welfare Trust
v. Redland Ins. Co., 460 F.3d 1253, 1257 (9th Cir. 2006). “Both the Supreme Court
and [the Ninth Circuit] have held that the standards for determining a reasonable
attorney’s fee in a Title VII action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k) are identical
to those utilized in determining an attorney’s fee award pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §
1988.” Davis, 976 F.2d at 1541 n.1.
Mileage and lodging represent “reasonable out-of-pocket litigation expenses
that would normally be charged to a fee paying client.” Trs. of the Constr. Indus.
and Laborers Health and Welfare Trust, 460 F.3d at 1257. Staton’s counsel’s
records show, however, that one of the Airbnb reservations covered a two-week stay.
Trial lasted only one week, so the allowable cost for this reservation will be reduced
by 50%. Finally, the Court will not award the deposition transcript costs. The $150
room charge appears unwarranted when a free room proved available. (Doc. 260 at
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13.) Transcribing the arbitration hearing proves unnecessary when a video recording
proved available. (Id. at 14.) The cost of obtaining a transcript from an unrelated
criminal trial in which Williams testified proved unnecessary. The trial was
unrelated to Staton’s retaliation claim and other avenues existed to discover and
present that information.
CONCLUSION
The Court will grant Staton’s motion for attorney’s fees and non-taxable costs.
The Court will grant, however, only a reduced amount in fees and costs. The Court
will award $294,000 in attorney’s fees. The Court also will award $37,724.53 in
non-taxable costs.
ORDER
Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that Staton’s Motion for Attorney’s Fees and
Non-Taxable Costs (Doc. 247) is GRANTED. The Court awards Staton $294,000
in attorney’s fees. The Court also awards Staton $37,724.53 in non-taxable costs.
DATED this 3rd day of June, 2024.

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