Roohbakhsh, et al v. Board of Trustees of the Nebraska State Colleges. et al

Filing 31

ORDER granting 30 Motion for Protective Order.The parties shall note that Paragraph 7 of their proposed order was modified to reflect the options available using the court's electronic filing system. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Cheryl R. Zwart. (Zwart, Cheryl)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA
LISSETTE LARIOS ROOHBAKHSH, as
personal representative of the ESTATE
OF FATIMA LISSETTE LARIOS and on
behalf of next of kin,

Case No. 8:17-cv-00031
PROTECTIVE ORDER

and
NELSON LARIOS, as next of kin,
Plaintiffs,
v.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
NEBRASKA STATE COLLEGES,
and
CHADRON STATE COLLEGE,
Defendants.

The parties agree that during the course of discovery it may be necessary to
disclose certain confidential information relating to the subject matter of this action.
They agree that certain categories of such information should be treated as confidential,
protected from disclosure outside this litigation, and used only for purposes of
prosecuting or defending this action and any appeals. The parties jointly request entry
of this proposed Protective Order to limit the disclosure, dissemination, and use of
certain identified categories of confidential information.
The parties assert in support of their request that protection of the identified
categories of confidential information is necessary because some of the discovery is
anticipated to seek personal information of nonparty employees and witnesses,

DOCS/1960820.6

1

confidential personal identifying information regarding numerous Chadron State College
students and former student as defined under the Family Educational Rights

and

Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA), and private medical information regarding the death of plaintiff Fatima Larios.
For good cause shown under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c), the court grants the parties’
Joint Motion for Protective Order (ECF No. 30) and hereby enters the following
Protective Order:
1.

Scope. All documents and materials produced in the course of discovery

of this case, including initial disclosures, responses to discovery requests, all deposition
testimony and exhibits, and information derived directly therefrom (hereinafter
collectively “documents”), are subject to this Order concerning Confidential Information
as set forth below.
2.

Definition of Confidential Information. As used in this Order,

“Confidential Information” is defined as information that the producing party designates
in good faith has been previously maintained in a confidential manner and should be
protected from disclosure and use outside the litigation because its disclosure and use
is restricted by statute or could potentially cause harm to the interests of disclosing party
or nonparties. For purposes of this Order, the parties will limit their designation of
“Confidential Information” to the following categories of information or documents:
(a)

Non-party personnel files and records;

(b)

Confidential educational records of third party witnesses or Chadron State
College students or former students;

(c)

Fatima Larios's educational, personal and medical information; and

(d)

Brandon Finona's educational, personal and medical information.

DOCS/1960820.6

2

Information or documents that are available to the public may not be designated as
Confidential Information.
3.

Form and Timing of Designation. The producing party may designate

documents as containing Confidential Information and therefore subject to protection
under this Order by marking or placing the words “CONFIDENTIAL - SUBJECT TO
PROTECTIVE ORDER” (hereinafter “the marking”) on the document and on all copies
in a manner that will not interfere with the legibility of the document. As used in this
Order, “copies” includes electronic images, duplicates, extracts, summaries or
descriptions that contain the Confidential Information. The marking will be applied prior
to or at the time the documents are produced or disclosed. Applying the marking to a
document does not mean that the document has any status or protection by statute or
otherwise except to the extent and for the purposes of this Order. Copies that are made
of any designated documents must also bear the marking, except that indices,
electronic databases, or lists of documents that do not contain substantial portions or
images of the text of marked documents and do not otherwise disclose the substance of
the Confidential Information are not required to be marked. By marking a designated
document as confidential, the designating attorney or party thereby certifies that the
document contains Confidential Information as defined in this Order.
4.

Inadvertent Failure to Designate. Inadvertent failure to designate any

document or material as containing Confidential Information will not constitute a waiver
of an otherwise valid claim of confidentiality pursuant to this Order, so long as a claim of
confidentiality is asserted within ten (10) days after discovery of the inadvertent failure.
5.

DOCS/1960820.6

Depositions. Deposition testimony will be deemed confidential only if

3

designated as such when the deposition is taken or within a reasonable time period
after receipt of the deposition transcript. Such designation must be specific as to the
portions of the transcript and/or any exhibits to be protected.
6.

Protection of Confidential Material.
(a)

General Protections. Designated Confidential Information must

be used or disclosed solely for purposes of prosecuting or defending this lawsuit,
including any appeals, or any other related legal proceeding brought by one of the
parties to this litigation.
(b)

Who May View Designated Confidential Information. Except

with the prior written consent of the designating party or prior order of the court,
designated Confidential Information may only be disclosed to the following persons:
(i)

The parties to this litigation, including any employees,
agents, and representatives of the parties;1

(ii)

Counsel for the parties and employees and agents of
counsel;

(iii)

The court and court personnel, including any special master
appointed by the court, and members of the jury;

(iv)

Court reporters, recorders, and videographers engaged for
depositions;

(v)

Any mediator appointed by the court or jointly selected by
the parties;

(vi)

Any expert witness, outside consultant, or investigator
retained specifically in connection with this litigation, but only

1

If the confidential documents contain highly sensitive trade secrets or other highly sensitive competitive
or confidential information and disclosure to another party would result in demonstrable harm to the
disclosing party, then the parties may stipulate or move for the establishment of an additional category of
protection, (e.g., Attorneys’ Eyes Only) that prohibits disclosure of such documents or information to that
category or that limits disclosure only to specifically designated in-house counsel or party
representative(s) whose assistance is reasonably necessary to the conduct of the litigation and who
agree to be bound by the terms of the Order.

DOCS/1960820.6

4

after such person has been informed by counsel of the
protective order and acknowledged in writing that he or she
has been provided a copy of the protective order and agrees
to abide by its terms.
(vii)

Any potential, anticipated, or actual fact witness and his or
her counsel, but only to the extent such confidential
documents or information will assist the witness in recalling,
relating, or explaining facts or in testifying, and only after
such person has been informed by counsel of the protective
order and acknowledged in writing that he or she has been
provided a copy of the protective order and agrees to abide
by its terms.

(viii)

The author or recipient of the document (not including a
person who received the document in the course of the
litigation);

(ix)

Independent providers of document reproduction, electronic
discovery, or other litigation services retained or employed
specifically in connection with this litigation; and

(x)

Other persons only upon consent of the producing party and
on such conditions as the parties may agree.

(c)

Control of Documents. The parties must take reasonable efforts

to prevent unauthorized or inadvertent disclosure of documents designated as
containing Confidential Information pursuant to the terms of this Order. Counsel for the
parties must maintain a record of those persons outside of their respective law firms
who have reviewed or been given access to the documents. Such record need not
include witnesses of which both parties are aware of the confidential information
provided to such witnesses (for example, a witness shown confidential documents in the
presence of both parties during a deposition need not be included in such record).
7.

Filing of Confidential Information. In the event a party seeks to file any

document containing Confidential Information subject to protection under this Order with
the court, that party must take appropriate action to insure that the document receives

DOCS/1960820.6

5

proper protection from public disclosure including: (a) filing a redacted document with
the consent of the party who designated the document as confidential; (b) where
appropriate (e.g., in relation to discovery and evidentiary motions), submitting the
document solely for in camera review; or (c) when the preceding measures are
inadequate, seeking permission to file the document under restricted access by filing a
motion for leave to file under restricted access in accordance with NECivR 5.3.
Nothing in this Order will be construed as a prior directive to allow any document
to be filed under seal or restricted access. The parties understand that the requested
documents may be filed under seal or restricted access only with the permission of the
court after proper motion. If the motion is granted and the requesting party i s
permitted to file the requested documents under restricted access, only counsel of
record and unrepresented parties will have access to the documents. If documents
are filed under seal, only the court will have access to the filed documents from the
court’s electronic docket.
8.

Challenges to a Confidential Designation. The designation of any

material or document as Confidential Information is subject to challenge by any party.
Before filing any motion or objection to a confidential designation, the objecting party
must meet and confer in good faith to resolve the objection informally without judicial
intervention. A party that elects to challenge a confidentiality designation may file and
serve a motion that identifies the challenged material and sets forth in detail the basis
for the challenge. The burden of proving the necessity of a confidentiality designation
remains with the party asserting confidentiality. Unless and until the Court rules
favorably on the challenge, all parties must continue to treat the materials as
Confidential Information under the terms of this Order.
DOCS/1960820.6

6

9.

Use of Confidential Documents or Information at Trial or Hearing.

Nothing in this Order will be construed to affect the use of any document, material, or
information at any trial or hearing. A party that intends to present or that anticipates that
another party may present Confidential Information at a hearing or trial must bring that
issue to the attention of the court and the other parties without disclosing the
Confidential Information. The court may thereafter make such orders as are necessary
to govern the use of such documents or information at the hearing or trial.
10.

Obligations on Conclusion of Litigation.
(a)

Order Remains in Effect. Unless otherwise agreed or ordered, all

provisions of this Order will remain in effect and continue to be binding after conclusion
of the litigation.
(b)

Return of Confidential Documents. Within ninety (90) days after

this litigation concludes by settlement, final judgment, or final order, including all
appeals, all documents designated as containing Confidential Information, including
copies as defined above, must be returned to the party who previously produced the
document unless: (1) the document has been offered into evidence or filed without
restriction as to disclosure; (2) the parties agree to destruction of the document to the
extent practicable in lieu of return; or (3) as to documents bearing the notations,
summations, or other mental impressions of the receiving party, that party elects to
destroy the documents and certifies to the producing party that it has done so.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, counsel for each party is permitted to retain a complete
copy of Confidential Information for a period of two years (or longer if made reasonably
necessary by the assertion of an actual claim) for the purpose of defending a

DOCS/1960820.6

7

malpractice suit.
(c)

Retention

of

Work

Product.

Notwithstanding

the

above

requirements to return or destroy documents, counsel may retain attorney work product,
including an index which refers or relates to designated Confidential Information, so
long as that work product does not duplicate verbatim substantial portions of the text or
images of designated documents. Counsel may also retain one complete set of all
documents filed with the Court, including those filed under seal, provided that counsel
redacts all personally identifiable information of third party students or former students
from such retained documents. This work product will continue to be confidential under
this Order. An attorney may use his or her own work product in subsequent litigation
provided that its use does not disclose Confidential Information.
11.

Order Subject to Modification. This Order is subject to modification by

the court on its own initiative or on motion of any party or any other person with standing
concerning the subject matter. The Order must not, however, be modified until the
parties have been given notice and an opportunity to be heard on the proposed
modification.
12.

No Prior Judicial Determination. This Order is entered based on the

representations and agreements of the parties and for the purpose of facilitating
discovery. Nothing in this Order will be construed or presented as a judicial
determination that any document or material designated as Confidential Information by
counsel or the parties is entitled to protection under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c) or otherwise
until such time as the court may rule on a specific document or issue.

DOCS/1960820.6

8

13.

Persons Bound by Protective Order. This Order will take effect when

entered and is binding upon all counsel of record and their law firms, the parties, and
persons made subject to this Order by its terms.
14.

Jurisdiction. The court’s jurisdiction regarding this Order will terminate

on the final disposition of this case; provided, however, that any party may file a motion
seeking leave to reopen the case to enforce the provisions of this Order for good cause
shown.
15.

Applicability to Parties Later Joined. If additional persons or entities

become parties to this lawsuit, they must not be given access to any Confidential
Information until they execute and file with the court their written agreement to be bound
by the provisions of this Order.
16.

Protections Extended to Third-Party’s Confidential Information. The

parties agree to extend the provisions of this Protective Order to Confidential
Information produced in this case by third parties, if timely requested by the third party.
17.

Confidential Information Subpoenaed or Ordered Produced in Other

Litigation. If a receiving party is served with a subpoena or an order issued in other
litigation that would compel disclosure of any material or document designated in this
action as Confidential Information, the receiving party must so notify the designating
party, in writing, immediately and in no event more than five business days after
receiving the subpoena or order. Such notification must include a copy of the subpoena
or court order.
The receiving party also must immediately inform in writing the party who caused
the subpoena or order to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material

DOCS/1960820.6

9

covered by the subpoena or order is the subject of this Order. In addition, the receiving
party must deliver a copy of this Order promptly to the party in the other action that
caused the subpoena to issue.
The purpose of imposing these duties is to alert the interested persons to the
existence of this Order and to afford the designating party in this case an opportunity to
try to protect its Confidential Information in the court from which the subpoena or order
issued. The designating party bears the burden and the expense of seeking protection
in that court of its Confidential Information, and nothing in these provisions should be
construed as authorizing or encouraging a receiving party in this action to disobey a
lawful directive from another court. The obligations set forth in this paragraph remain in
effect while the party has in its possession, custody, or control Confidential Information
designated by the other party to this case.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: November 29, 2017.

BY THE COURT:
s/ Cheryl R. Zwart
United States Magistrate Judge
WE SO MOVE
and agree to abide by the
terms of this Order

WE SO MOVE
and agree to abide by the
terms of this Order

/s/ Thomas E. Johnson
Signature

/s/ Christopher P. Welsh
Signature

Thomas E. Johnson
Printed Name

Christopher P. Welsh
Printed Name

Counsel for: Defendants
Dated: November 28, 2017

Counsel for: Plaintiffs
Dated: November 28, 2017

DOCS/1960820.6

10