Mejia v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

Filing 13

ORDER. IT IS ORDERED that, with respect to filing documents under seal, the parties must comply with: (1) the Local Rules of Practice regarding electronic filing and filing under seal, (2) the Ninth Circuits opinions in Kamakana v. City and Co unty of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2006) and Center for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Group, LLC, 809 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2016), and (3) the CM/ECF filing instructions stated herein. Signed by Magistrate Judge Peggy A. Leen on 12/28/16. (Copies have been distributed pursuant to the NEF - ADR)

1
2
3
4

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

5

DISTRICT OF NEVADA

6

***

7

JESSICA MEJIA,

8
9
10

v.

Case No. 2:16-cv-02583-JAD-PAL
Plaintiff,

ORDER

WAL-MART STORES, INC.,
Defendant.

11
12

Before the Court is the parties’ Stipulated Protective Order (ECF No. 11), which the court

13

approved to facilitate the parties’ discovery exchanges. This Order is intended to remind counsel

14

and the parties that there is a presumption of public access to judicial files and records. A party

15

seeking to file a confidential document under seal must file a motion to seal and must comply with

16

the Ninth Circuit’s directives in Kamakana v. City and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172 (9th

17

Cir. 2006).

18

Although the Court approved the blanket protective order, the parties have not shown, and

19

this Court has not found, that any specific documents are secret or confidential. The parties have

20

not provided specific facts supported by affidavits or concrete examples to establish that a

21

protective order is required to protect any specific trade secret or other confidential information

22

under Rule 26(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or that disclosure would cause an

23

identifiable and significant harm. The Ninth Circuit has held that parties seeking to maintain the

24

confidentiality of documents attached to most non-dispositive motions must show good cause

25

exists to overcome the presumption of public access. See Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1179–80; but

26

see Ctr. for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., LLC, 809 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2016) (standards courts

27

apply to sealing requests turn on the relevance of the documents to the substantive merits of a

28

case—not the relief sought). Parties seeking to maintain the secrecy of documents attached to
1

1

dispositive motions must show compelling reasons sufficient to overcome the presumption of

2

public access. Id. If a sealing order is permitted, it must be narrowly tailored. Press-Enterprise

3

Co. v. Superior Ct. of Cal., Riverside Cty., 464 U.S. 501, 512 (1984). The sealing of entire

4

documents is improper when any confidential information can be redacted while leaving

5

meaningful information available to the public. In re Roman Catholic Archbishop of Portland,

6

661 F.3d 417, 425 (9th Cir. 2011).

7

Under Kamakana, the party who designates documents as confidential must submit a

8

memorandum of points and authorities to the Court presenting articulable facts that identify the

9

interests in favor of the documents’ continued secrecy and showing that these specific interests

10

outweigh the public’s strong interest in transparency. Here, if an opposing party files a motion to

11

seal certain documents based on the parties’ Stipulated Protective Order (ECF No. ), the

12

designating party is required to file within 14 days an appropriate memorandum of points and

13

authorities making a particularized showing why the documents should remain under seal or why

14

the designating party should be allowed to file a redacted version. If the designating party fails to

15

timely comply with this Order, the motion to seal will be denied and the Clerk of the Court will be

16

directed to unseal the documents to make them available on the public docket.

17

In addition to Kamakana, the parties are required to follow the proper CM/ECF procedures

18

for any requests to seal judicial records. The Local Rules of Practice provide that the electronic

19

record is the court’s official record and require the Clerk of the Court to maintain the official files

20

all cases in electronic form. See LR IC 1-1 (amended May 1, 2016). Pursuant to LR IA 10-5,

21

attorneys must file documents under seal using the court’s electronic filing procedures:

22
23
24
25
26

Unless otherwise permitted by statute, rule, or prior court order, papers filed with
the court under seal must be accompanied by a motion for leave to file those
documents under seal. If papers are filed under seal under prior court order, the
papers must state on the first page, directly under the case number: “FILED
UNDER SEAL UNDER COURT ORDER (ECF No. ___). All papers filed under
seal will remain sealed until the court either denies the motion to seal or enters an
order unsealing them.
See LR IA 10-5(a).

27

To streamline the process of sealing or unsealing documents as may be necessary, first, a

28

party must file its underlying brief or motion. Second, the party files its motion to seal on the
2

1

public docket without the confidential documents and “links” this motion to seal in CM/ECF to

2

the underlying brief. See LR IC 2-2(d).1 For example, if a party asks to seal exhibits pertaining

3

to a motion to dismiss, the party would link the motion to seal in CM/ECF to the motion to dismiss

4

it previously filed. Third, the party files the confidential documents under seal in CM/ECF as

5

“Sealed Exhibit(s)” and links the sealed exhibit(s) to its motion to seal. To submit both a redacted

6

brief on the public docket and unredacted brief under seal, the party will: (1) publically file the

7

redacted brief; (2) publically file the motion to seal, linking it to the redacted brief; and (3) file the

8

unredacted brief under seal as a “Sealed Exhibit,” linking this sealed exhibit to its motion to seal.

9

Each document or exhibit that a party seeks to file under seal must be filed as a separate,

10

searchable Portable Document Format (PDF). LR IC 2-2(a), LR IA 10-3. When portions of a

11

filing may be sealed, litigants must not combine their motion to seal, memorandum of points and

12

authorities, declaration, and/or exhibits into one PDF document and then file that single PDF as

13

the “main document” in CM/ECF’s document upload screen. LR IC 2-2(a)(3)(A). This practice

14

makes it impossible for the Clerk of the Court to unseal specific documents the Court finds should

15

not be sealed because the docketing clerks cannot separate the pages for sealing purposes. See LR

16

IA 10-5(b). Instead, the Local Rules require litigants to save each document or exhibit they want

17

sealed as a separate PDF document and then file each PDF in CM/ECF’s document upload screen

18

as “attachments” to a main document. The shortcut of filing only one PDF inevitably causes

19

additional work for the Court, docketing clerks, and litigants. Should leave to file under seal be

20

granted for some but not all documents, the Court must then order litigants to refile the unsealed

21

documents, rather than simply instructing the docketing clerks to unseal the documents the Court

22

has found should not remain sealed.

23

Additionally, court staff members cannot redact confidential information from documents

24

after filing. Because the sealing of entire documents is improper when confidential information

25

can be redacted, a party should consider and make the appropriate redactions prior to filing any

26

1
If the motion to seal itself contains confidential information, the moving party may file a redacted motion
to seal on the public docket and an unredacted motion under seal with the sealed exhibits. However, this
practice is disfavored as litigants should attempt to meet their burden under Kamakana without specific
references to confidential information.

27
28

3

1

sealing request. The party will then file both a redacted and unredacted version of the document.

2

If a party fails to make redactions and requests an overly broad sealing order, and the Court

3

determines that redactions are appropriate, the Court will order the party to file a redacted version

4

on the public docket.

5

The Court’s review of any motion requesting leave to file under seal will be complicated

6

by the parties’ failure to follow Ninth Circuit case law, the Local Rules of Practice, and the

7

CM/ECF filing instructions explained in this Order. Counsel are responsible for instructing their

8

staff regarding the correct procedures for filing under seal. The parties are encouraged to contact

9

the CM/ECF Helpdesk at [phone] prior to filing should they have any technical questions.

10

For additional direction, the parties may also refer to the updated procedures in CM/ECF Version

11

4.0 Enhancements and Changes, which is available on the Court’s website.

12

Accordingly,

13

IT IS ORDERED that, with respect to filing documents under seal, the parties must

14

comply with: (1) the Local Rules of Practice regarding electronic filing and filing under seal, (2)

15

the Ninth Circuit’s opinions in Kamakana v. City and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir.

16

2006) and Center for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Group, LLC, 809 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2016), and (3)

17

the CM/ECF filing instructions stated herein.

18

Dated this 28th day of December, 2016.

19
20
PEGGY A. LEEN
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
4