Ramirez et al v. HG STAFFING, LLC et al

Filing 21

ORDERED that Defendants motion to dismiss Plaintiffs' Second Amended Complaint (ECF No. 16 ) is GRANTED in part as to Plaintiffs Antonio Ramirez and Marlene Sanchez. Plaintiffs Ramirez and Sanchez are dismissed from this action. IT I S FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiffs' Second Amended Complaint (ECF No. 16 ) is DENIED in part as to the remaining named plaintiffs. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiffs' First Amended Complaint (ECF No. 11 ) is DENIED as moot. Signed by Judge Larry R. Hicks on 3/1/2017. (Copies have been distributed pursuant to the NEF - DRM)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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DISTRICT OF NEVADA

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*****
ANTONIO RAMIREZ, et al,

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Plaintiffs,

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3:16-cv-00318-LRH-WGC

v.
ORDER
HG STAFFING, LLC; MEI-GSR
HOLDINGS, LLC d/b/a GRAND SIERRA
RESORT; and DOES 1 through 50, inclusive,

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Defendants.
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Before the court is Defendants’ motion to dismiss. ECF No. 16. Plaintiffs filed a response

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(ECF No. 19), to which Defendants replied (ECF No. 20). Because Plaintiffs Antonio Ramirez

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and Marlene Sanchez settled related claims against Defendants in a separate case before a

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different court within this district, claim preclusion applies. The court will therefore dismiss

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them from this action. However, Defendants’ arguments regarding dismissal of the remaining

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plaintiffs are without merit and Defendants’ motion will be denied as to these plaintiffs.

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I.

Background
Plaintiffs are former employees of Defendants HG Staffing, LLC (“HG Staffing”) and

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MEI-GSR Holdings, LLC (“GSR”). ECF No. 15 at 3–4. Plaintiffs each bring one claim of failure

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to pay overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”).1 See 29 U.S.C. § 207. They

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After Plaintiffs filed their First Amended Complaint in this action (ECF No. 3), Defendants
moved to dismiss (ECF No. 11). Instead of responding, Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended
Complaint (“SAC”), the operative complaint in this action. See ECF Nos. 14–15. Defendants

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allege that they each held an employment position2 in which Defendants required them to carry a

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“cash bank” and “to retrieve and deposit their respective cash bank both before and after the

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employees’ regularly scheduled shifts without compensation.” ECF No. 15 at 4–5. Specifically,

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Plaintiffs allege that Defendants required them to collect their “bank of money at the dispatch

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cage before proceeding to [their] workstations” and required them “to reconcile and deposit

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[their] cash bank to the same dispatch cage without compensation.” Id. at 5. Plaintiffs estimate

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that they spent 15 minutes “each and every work day” performing these tasks. Id.
Two related suits precede the instant action. Because both suits are relevant to

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Defendants’ motion to dismiss, the court will briefly describe their procedural history and

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substance.

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A.

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In the first action, Tiffany Sargent and other individuals formerly employed by

Sargent action: Sargent v. HG Staffing, 3:13-cv-00453-LRH-WGC

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Defendants filed suit against the business entities in Nevada state court. Defendants then

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removed that action to this court in August 2013. Sargent v. HG Staffing, 3:13-cv-00453-LRH-

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WGC (“Sargent action”). In that suit, Sargent and her fellow plaintiffs alleged that Defendants’

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wage practices violated several provisions of the FLSA and Nevada law. Sargent v. HG Staffing,

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LLC, 171 F. Supp. 3d 1063, 1070 (D. Nev. 2016).

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As in the instant action, the plaintiffs alleged that Defendants, among other purportedly

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improper practices, required employees to perform certain tasks before or after their shifts and

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thus without compensation. Sargent, 3:13-cv-00453-LRH-WGC at (ECF No. 47 at 5). The

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plaintiffs therefore brought an FLSA collective action premised in part on Defendants’ alleged

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failure to pay overtime wages for the time the plaintiffs spent engaging in off-the-clock work

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activities. Id. at (ECF No. 47 at 11). Antonio Ramirez, the lead named plaintiff in the instant

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action, opted into the collective action along with numerous other plaintiffs.

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then moved to dismiss the SAC. ECF No. 16. The court will therefore deny the original motion
to dismiss (ECF No. 11) as moot.

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Plaintiffs assert that the following employment positions were some of the positions where
Defendants required employees to carry a cash bank: “cashiers, bartenders, change persons, slot
attendants, retail attendants, arcade attendants, and front desk agents.” ECF No. 15 at 4–5.
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Defendants eventually moved to decertify the collective action. Id. at (ECF No. 162).

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After analyzing the relevant factors, the court found that the plaintiffs were not “similarly

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situated,” as required under the FLSA. Sargent, 171 F. Supp. 3d at 1079–85. The court therefore

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decertified the class on March 22, 2016, and the action is on-going.

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B.

Benson I: Benson v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00191-RCJ-VPC

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Several weeks after the Sargent action’s decertification, Antonio Ramirez and Marlene

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Sanchez, another named plaintiff in the instant action, joined five other plaintiffs that had

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originally opted into the Sargent action in again filing suit against HG Staffing and GSR in

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Nevada state court. Defendants once again removed the suit to federal court, but the case was

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assigned to Judge Robert C. Jones. Benson v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00191-RCJ-VPC (“Benson

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I”). Unlike the prior suit, the plaintiffs only alleged state-law claims, which were premised on

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many of the same factual allegations as the Sargent action. See Id. at (ECF No. 7).
All seven plaintiffs eventually accepted offers of judgment from Defendants. Id. at (ECF

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Nos. 16–22). The clerk of the court consequently entered judgment in favor of each plaintiff on

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June 6, 2016. Id. at (ECF Nos. 23–29).

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C.

Instant action and parallel actions

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Several weeks later, the Benson I plaintiffs filed five separate actions against both HG

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Staffing and GSR in this court, including the instant action. See Ramirez v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-

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00318-LRH-WGC (i.e., the instant action); Benson v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00388-LRH-WGC

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(“Benson II”); Corral v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00386-LRH-WGC; Reader v. HG Staffing, 3:16-

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cv-00387-LRH-WGC; Reader v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00392-LRH-WGC. While some of the

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plaintiffs from Benson I are lead named plaintiffs in their respective actions,3 other individuals

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formerly employed by Defendants also filed suit in each action. It appears that most if not all of

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these plaintiffs in the instant and parallel actions were opt-in plaintiffs in the Sargent action.

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Two of the Benson I plaintiffs, Marlene Sanchez and Imogen Holt, are not lead named
plaintiffs but joined two of the five parallel actions: the instant action (Marlene Sanchez) and
Reader v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00392-LRH-WGC (Imogen Holt). Holt also joined another
parallel action: Reader v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00387-LRH-WGC.
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Defendants have now moved to dismiss the instant action.4

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II.

Legal standard
To survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, a complaint must satisfy the

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Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) notice-pleading standard. Mendiondo v. Centinela Hosp.

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Med. Ctr., 521 F.3d 1097, 1103 (9th Cir. 2008). That is, a complaint must contain “a short and

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plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2).

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The 8(a)(2) pleading standard does not require detailed factual allegations, but a pleading that

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offers “‘labels and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action’”

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will not suffice. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly,

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550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)).
To satisfy the plausibility standard, 8(a)(2) requires a complaint to “contain sufficient

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factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id.

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(quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). A claim has facial plausibility when the pleaded factual

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content allows the court to draw the reasonable inference, based on the court’s “judicial

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experience and common sense,” that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. See id. at

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678–79. The plausibility standard “is not akin to a probability requirement, but it asks for more

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than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Where a complaint pleads facts

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that are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability, it stops short of the line between

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possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief.” Id. at 678 (internal quotation marks omitted).

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In reviewing a motion to dismiss, the court accepts the facts alleged in the complaint as

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true. Id. The “factual allegations that are taken as true must plausibly suggest an entitlement to

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relief, such that it is not unfair to require the opposing party to be subjected to the expense of

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discovery and continued litigation.” Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011).

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Moreover, “bare assertions . . . amount[ing] to nothing more than a formulaic recitation of the

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elements of a . . . claim . . . are not entitled to an assumption of truth.” Moss v. U.S. Secret Serv.,

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Because the parallel actions are separate cases, this order only addresses the instant action,
Ramirez v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00318-LRH-WGC. The parallel actions are referenced only for
context.
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572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir. 2009) (brackets in original) (internal quotation marks omitted)

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(citing Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 681). The court discounts these allegations because “they do nothing

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more than state a legal conclusion—even if that conclusion is cast in the form of a factual

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allegation.” Id. (citing Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 681). “In sum, for a complaint to survive a motion to

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dismiss, the non-conclusory ‘factual content,’ and reasonable inferences from that content, must

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be plausibly suggestive of a claim entitling the plaintiff to relief.” Id.

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III.

Discussion

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Defendants first argue that, because Plaintiffs Antonio Ramirez and Marlene Sanchez

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accepted offers of judgment in Benson I, claim preclusion (i.e., res judicata) bars their instant

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claim.5 Defendants do not appear to argue that claim preclusion affects the remaining plaintiffs

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in this action, as they were not party to the Benson I action. However, Defendants contend that

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all of the other plaintiffs’ claims should be dismissed because (1) Plaintiffs have failed to

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sufficiently state a claim for failure to pay overtime and (2) issue preclusion bars this collective

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action due to the court’s decertification of the Sargent action’s FLSA collective action. The court

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will address each issue in turn.
Claim preclusion bars Plaintiffs Ramirez and Sanchez’s claims

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A.

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“Res judicata, or claim preclusion, ‘bars any lawsuits on any claims that were raised or

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could have been raised in a prior action.’” Fed. Trade Comm’n v. Garvey, 383 F.3d 891, 897 (9th

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Cir. 2004) (quoting Providence Health Plan v. McDowell, 361 F.3d 1243, 1249 (9th Cir. 2004)).

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“Claim preclusion applies if there is (1) an identity of claims; (2) a final judgment on the merits;

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and (3) identity or privity between parties.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). “The central

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criterion in determining whether there is an identity of claims between the first and second

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adjudications is ‘whether the two suits arise out of the same transactional nucleus of facts.’”

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Frank v. United Airlines, Inc., 216 F.3d 845, 851 (9th Cir. 2000) (quoting Costantini v. Trans

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World Airlines, 681 F.2d 1199, 1201–02 (9th Cir. 1982)). “It is immaterial whether the claims

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Defendants’ motion to dismiss only referenced Plaintiff Sanchez in regards to claim
preclusion. ECF No. 16 at 3. However, Defendants later acknowledged that they mistakenly
omitted Plaintiff Ramirez from their analysis. ECF No. 19 at 8 n. 2. The court will therefore
apply Defendants’ arguments regarding this topic to Plaintiff Ramirez.
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asserted subsequent to the judgment were actually pursued in the action that led to the judgment;

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rather, the relevant inquiry is whether they could have been brought.” United States ex rel.

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Barajas v. Northrop Corp., 147 F.3d 905, 909 (9th Cir. 1998).

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Here, the Benson I action (3:16-cv-00191-RCJ-VPC) and the instant action meet all three

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prongs and result in claim preclusion for Antonio Ramirez and Marlene Sanchez. Turning first to

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the last prong, there is clearly privity. Because Ramirez and Sanchez are plaintiffs in both cases

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and HG Staffing and GSR are the defendants, the interests are identical between the two cases.

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See Va. Sur. Co. v. Northrop Grumman Corp., 144 F.3d 1243, 1247 (9th Cir. 1998) (“It is the

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identity of interest that controls in determining privity, not the nominal identity of the parties.”

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(quotation marks and citation omitted)). Moreover, it is undisputed that Ramirez and Sanchez’s

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acceptance of Defendants’ offers of judgment resulted in final judgment on the merits, as

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evidenced by the clerk of the court entering judgment in the case.

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Finally, there is an identity of claims because Ramirez and Sanchez asserted a claim of

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failure to pay overtime in violation of Nevada law based in part on the same employer conduct

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alleged in this action. See Benson v. HG Staffing, 3:16-cv-00191-RCJ-VPC at (ECF No. 7 at 13–

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14). Claim preclusion bars a plaintiff from re-litigating the same case based solely on a different

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legal theory. E.g., Clark v. Haas Grp., Inc., 953 F.2d 1235, 1239 (10th Cir. 1992) (finding that

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claim preclusion applied when a plaintiff settled an FLSA claim against her employer and then

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later brought a separate suit claiming violations of the Equal Pay Act and ADEA based on the

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same alleged conduct). This principle is especially pronounced in this case, where Ramirez and

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Sanchez’s legal theories are merely state and federal-law duplicates of one another.

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Nonetheless, Plaintiffs argue that claim preclusion does not apply because the offers of

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judgment in Benson I resulted in judgment in favor of Ramirez and Sanchez and against

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Defendants. ECF No. 19 at 8. Plaintiffs assert that a “judgment in favor of a plaintiff is res

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judicata on liability against Defendants” only. Id. However, Plaintiffs cite no authority in support

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of this argument, and it is without merit. Claim preclusion applies if the above-cited prongs are

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met, as they are in the instant case. The court therefore finds that Plaintiffs Ramirez and Sanchez

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are barred from asserting their present FLSA claim and will be dismissed from this action. This

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ruling does not affect the remaining plaintiffs, as they were not party to the Benson I action.

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B.

Plaintiffs have sufficiently stated an FLSA overtime claim

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Defendants argue that Plaintiffs6 have failed to sufficiently state a claim for failure to pay

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overtime because Plaintiffs have not identified “any one week in which any one plaintiff was

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paid less than [the] wage required by the FLSA . . . .” ECF No. 16 at 5. Plaintiffs counter that

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they have alleged that they all regularly worked 40 hours each week—consisting of 5 shifts of 8

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hours—and that Defendants required them to participate in at least 15 minutes of uncompensated

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work-related activities each and every shift. ECF No. 19 at 5. Plaintiffs also highlight the

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spreadsheet that they attached to their operative complaint, which lists each plaintiff’s hourly pay

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rate, the amount of uncompensated overtime worked in a regular week, and the amount of

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overtime pay owed for a week of work.7 See ECF No. 15-1.

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In Landers v. Quality Communications, the Ninth Circuit addressed the level of

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specificity required to adequately plead an FLSA overtime claim in light of the Twombly/Iqbal

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heightened pleading standard. 771 F.3d 638 (9th Cir. 2014), as amended (Jan. 26, 2015). The

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Landers court “decline[d] to make the approximation of overtime hours the sine qua non of

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plausibility for claims brought under the FLSA.” Id. at 641. “Recognizing that employers are in

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control of ‘most (if not all) of the detailed information concerning a plaintiff-employee’s

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compensation and schedule,’ the court held that plaintiffs in FLSA ‘cases cannot be expected to

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allege ‘with mathematical precision,’ the amount of overtime compensation owed by the

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employer.’” Johnson v. Pink Spot Vapors, Inc., No. 2:14-CV-1960-JCM-GWF, 2015 WL

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433503, at *2 (D. Nev. Feb. 3, 2015) (quoting Landers, 771 F.3d at 641–46). Nonetheless, the

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The court will continue to collectively refer to the remaining plaintiffs in this case as
“Plaintiffs.”
Plaintiffs’ spreadsheet is not based on a specific work week. Rather, Plaintiffs have multiplied
15 minutes, the amount of time they allege they worked off the clock each shift, by 5, the
number of shifts they regularly worked a week, to arrive at 1.25 hours of overtime worked a
week. Plaintiffs then multiplied this number by their individual overtime rate—i.e., 1.5 times
their listed individual pay rate—to calculate their individual amount of overtime pay owed for a
week. ECF No. 15 at 5 (explaining this calculation).
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court further held that plaintiffs “should be able to allege facts demonstrating there was at least

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one workweek in which they worked in excess of forty hours and were not paid overtime

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wages.” Landers, 771 F.3d at 646.

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Shortly after Landers, another court within this district addressed how the holding

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applied to a case in which the plaintiffs, rather than indicating a specific week in which they did

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not receive overtime pay, alleged that they were required to participate in a specific amount of

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unpaid off-the-clock activities each shift. Levert v. Trump Ruffin Tower I, LLC, No. 2:14–CV–

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01009–RCJ, 2015 WL 133792 (D. Nev. Jan. 9, 2015) (“Plaintiffs do not identify a specific

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workweek during which they worked in excess of 40 hours, but instead allege that ‘each and

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every day’ they were required to perform 115 minutes of additional work-related activities.”).

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The court held
that Plaintiffs’ failure to allege a specific workweek during which they worked in
excess of 40 hours is not necessarily fatal to their claim. After all, Plaintiffs allege
that they worked off-the-clock each and every day. So, if Plaintiffs were to assert
that they worked more than eight hours on any given day and that they were
always assigned to work at least five days a week, then that might be enough for
the Court to infer that in every workweek during their employment, Plaintiffs
were working more than 40 hours and are entitled to the appropriate
compensation. Thus, in Plaintiffs’ situation, identifying individual weeks may be
unnecessary to satisfy the Iqbal/Twombly standard since Plaintiffs would be
demonstrating that the overtime violations were occurring every week during their
employment and not only on specific weeks.

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Id. at *5. However, the court ultimately found the complaint defective because it did not allege

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that all the plaintiffs “were assigned at least five shifts of eight hours each workweek . . . .” Id. at

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*4. The court would have therefore needed to assume this fact in order for the plaintiffs to have

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adequately pled that their uncompensated activities constituted unpaid overtime. Id. The court

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therefore dismissed the complaint but granted the plaintiffs leave to amend. Id. at *5; see also

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Pink Spot Vapors, 2015 WL 433503, at *2–4 (discussing both Landers and Levert and applying

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the decisions to a case involving plaintiffs alleging consistent off-the-clock work).

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This court agrees with the analysis in Levert. Plaintiffs bringing an FLSA overtime claim

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satisfy the pleading standard set forth in Twombly, Iqbal, and Landers when they allege that they

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(1) work at least 40 hours a week “on the clock” and (2) are required to perform specific tasks

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“off the clock” (i.e., without compensation) for a specific length of time each shift.8
The court finds that Plaintiffs in the instant action have met that burden. They allege that

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each plaintiff “was scheduled for, and regularly worked, five (5) shifts per week, at least eight

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(8) hours per shift, and forty (40) hours per workweek.” ECF No. 15 at 4. As discussed above,

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Plaintiffs further allege that Defendants required them to perform a total of 15 minutes of cash-

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bank-related activities before and after their shifts. Id. at 4–5. Plaintiffs have also provided

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Defendants an estimate of how much unpaid overtime per week each individual plaintiff is

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seeking based on each individual’s specific hourly rate.9 The court finds that these details

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sufficiently state an FLSA overtime claim and satisfy the purpose of FRCP 8(a), which is to

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“give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff’s claim is and the grounds upon which it

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rests.” Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 512 (2002).
Issue preclusion does not bar Plaintiffs’ claims

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C.

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Defendants argue that issue preclusion (i.e., collateral estoppel) bars Plaintiffs from

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bringing an FLSA collective action because the court decertified the collective action in the

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Sargent action. Issue preclusion bars successive litigation of an issue of law or fact even if the

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issue recurs in the context of a different claim. See Taylor v. Sturgell, 553 U.S. 880, 892 (2008).

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“Where a federal court has decided the earlier case, federal law controls the [issue-preclusion]

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analysis.” McQuillion v. Schwarzenegger, 369 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2004). “Three factors

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Alternatively, plaintiffs could state a plausible claim if they work less than 40 hours a week but
allege that their total amount of uncompensated work per week consistently brings their total
hours worked—i.e., both on and off the clock—past 40 hours a week.

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Defendants argue that Plaintiffs’ operative complaint only discusses Antonio Ramirez and
“merely lumps all plaintiffs together, providing no way for Defendants to meaningfully evaluate
each of the claims made by each of the seventy-four (74)” plaintiffs. ECF No. 16 at 6. While the
complaint collectively discusses all of the plaintiffs, the court finds that Defendants’ conclusion
is inaccurate. Although the complaint uses Plaintiff Ramirez as an example, it alleges that his
fellow plaintiffs worked “the same or similar schedules” and were affected by the same policy
that resulted in uncompensated overtime. ECF No. 15 at 4–5. Therefore, Plaintiffs are alleging
that Defendants’ policies required each suing employee to perform 15 minutes of tasks each and
every shift without compensation and in excess of their 40 hours of work each week. Plaintiffs
even specify how these 15 minutes were spent before and after each shift. Based on these details,
Defendants have fair notice of Plaintiffs’ claims.
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must be considered before applying collateral estoppel: (1) the issue at stake must be identical to

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the one alleged in the prior litigation; (2) the issue must have been actually litigated [by the party

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against whom preclusion is asserted] in the prior litigation; and (3) the determination of the issue

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in the prior litigation must have been a critical and necessary part of the judgment in the earlier

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action.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Trevino v. Gates, 99 F.3d 911, 923 (9th

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Cir. 1996)).
The court finds that Defendants fail to demonstrate that even the first prong is met. In the

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Sargent action, this court found that the conditionally-certified class warranted decertification

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based on an analysis of all three relevant factors. Sargent, 171 F. Supp. 3d at 1079–85. For

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example, the court found that there were disparate factual and employment settings based in part

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on the fact that “Plaintiffs worked in over 50 different departments and sub-departments,

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including more than 70 different positions.” Id. at 1081. Specifically, the court held that “a

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blanket statement that Defendants had a policy of suffering or permitting work without

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compensation is not enough to demonstrate a single policy [sufficient to show that Plaintiffs

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were similarly situated], as Plaintiffs were employed in many different departments, under many

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different supervisors, and allege a variety of uncompensated activities, including picking up

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equipment, attending meetings, changing uniforms, and attending dance classes.” Id. at 1080.
Here, Plaintiffs have attempted to form a narrower class. While Plaintiffs held different

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positions that potentially fell under different departments (see supra n. 2), they are alleging a

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single specific policy—i.e., cash-bank procedures—that allegedly required each of them to work

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a total of 15 minutes before and after each shift without compensation. Therefore, the court does

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not find that its decision to decertify the class in the Sargent action presents the same issue as the

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prospective certification of the instant action’s collective action. Moreover, Defendants’

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argument would result in automatically barring plaintiffs who opt into a collective action that is

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later decertified from attempting to litigate their claims in the future as a properly-constructed

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collective action (i.e., one composed of similarly-situated plaintiffs). However, Defendants do

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not cite to any authority that would persuade the court that such a bar should apply.10
The court therefore finds that issue preclusion does not apply. And because the court has

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found that Plaintiffs sufficiently stated a claim for failure to pay overtime, it will deny

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Defendants’ motion to dismiss as to the remaining plaintiffs.

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IV.

Conclusion
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Defendants’ motion to dismiss Plaintiffs’ Second

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Amended Complaint (ECF No. 16) is GRANTED in part as to Plaintiffs Antonio Ramirez and

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Marlene Sanchez. Plaintiffs Ramirez and Sanchez are dismissed from this action.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants’ motion to dismiss Plaintiffs’ Second

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Amended Complaint (ECF No. 16) is DENIED in part as to the remaining named plaintiffs.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants’ motion to dismiss Plaintiffs’ First

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Amended Complaint (ECF No. 11) is DENIED as moot.
IT IS SO ORDERED.

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DATED this 1st day of March, 2017.

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LARRY R. HICKS
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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In support of their argument, Defendants cite a case in which the district court dismissed a
second FLSA action based on issue preclusion after the first action was decertified. See Belle v.
Univ. of Pittsburgh Med. Ctr., No. CIV.A. 13-1448, 2014 WL 4828899, at *1 (W.D. Pa. Sept.
29, 2014). However, the court finds Belle factually distinct from the instant case. There, 95.32%
of the opt-in plaintiffs in the first action were plaintiffs in the second action, leading the court to
conclude that the second case was a “redux” of the first. Id. The court also noted that the second
action was premised on the same legal theories stemming from the same employer policies as the
first action. Id. at *2. The court thus held that there was “no doubt that identical factual and legal
issues would incur.” Id. As discussed above, this instant action is based on a narrower proposed
class than the Sargent action and Plaintiffs highlight an employer policy specific to that class.
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