Clarke v. Allen et al

Filing 26

ORDER - Plaintiff's request for an income and expense report (ECF No. 25 ) is denied. Signed by Magistrate Judge William G. Cobb on 6/29/2020. (Copies have been distributed pursuant to the NEF - AB)

Case 3:17-cv-00582-MMD-WGC Document 26 Filed 06/29/20 Page 1 of 4

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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DISTRICT OF NEVADA

3 ANTHONY CLARKE,
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Plaintiff

5 v.

Case No.: 3:17-cv-00582-MMD-WGC
Order
Re: ECF No. 25

6 CHUCK ALLEN, et. al.,
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Defendants

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Before the court is Plaintiff's letter requesting an "income and expense report for end of

10 most recent fiscal year." (ECF No. 25.)
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Plaintiff filed his pro se complaint on September 21, 2017, and subsequently requested to

12 amend his complaint. (ECF Nos. 1-1, 5.) The court advised him that he had neither paid the
13 filing fee nor filed an application to proceed in forma pauperis (IFP), and sent him the form to
14 complete the IFP application, which he did. (ECF Nos. 4, 7.) Plaintiff sought to sue former
15 Sheriff Chuck Allen for events that took place while he was a pretrial detainee at the Washoe
16 County Detention Facility (WCDF). (ECF No. 11.)
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The court screened the amended complaint and found Plaintiff stated a colorable Eighth

18 Amendment deliberate indifference to serious medical needs claim against a John Doe doctor,
19 and dismissed Plaintiff's access to courts claim and Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference to
20 serious medical claim against Sheriff Allen without prejudice and with leave to amend. Plaintiff's
21 IFP application was granted, noting that an inmate proceeding IFP has to pay the full filing fee
22 over time, and that he would be required to do so even if the action were dismissed or was
23 otherwise unsuccessful. (ECF No. 10.)

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Plaintiff subsequently substituted in John Cutler for the John Doe doctor. (ECF No. 13.)

2 Cutler was ultimately dismissed for lack of service under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m).
3 (ECF No. 19.) Plaintiff did not timely amend the claims dismissed with leave to amend.
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Despite being advised that he would still have to pay the filing fee over time even if his

5 action was dismissed or was otherwise unsuccessful, Plaintiff filed a letter with the court asking
6 where the filing fees go, stating that he received his "full faith and credit through an adoption of
7 all the Americans through the Athabascan in (2015) file no# (15024649-1)"; that he is a "secured
8 party creditor"; and, he is not a "debtor" and is exempt from having to pay the filing fee in this
9 court. (ECF No. 21.) The undersigned construed Plaintiff's letter as a request for a refund of the
10 filing fee or an order that he be relieved of his obligation to pay the filing fee over time. The
11 court denied the request, noting that it did not accept the theories advanced by Plaintiff, and
12 reiterated that Plaintiff remains obligated to pay the $350 filing fee over time. (ECF No. 24.)
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Plaintiff has now sent a letter to the court requesting an income and expense report for the

14 end of the most recent fiscal year. (ECF No. 25.) It is not clear what kind of income and expense
15 report, or whose report, Plaintiff is referring, but it appears his inquiry relates to his previously
16 asserted theory that he is not obligated to pay the filing fee over time.
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Plaintiff's filings contain multiple indicia of his adherence to the "sovereign citizen" anti-

18 government movement. As one court described it:
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Though the precise contours of their philosophy differ among the
various groups, almost all antigovernment movements adhere to a
theory of a 'sovereign' citizen. Essentially, they believe that our
nation is made up of two types of people: those who are sovereign
citizens by virtue of Article IV of the Constitution, and those who
are 'corporate' or '14th Amendment' citizens by virtue of the
ratifications of the 14th Amendment. The arguments put forth by
these groups are generally incoherent, legally, and vary greatly
among different groups and different speakers within those groups.
They all rely on snippets of 19th Century court opinions taken out
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of context, definitions from obsolete legal dictionaries and
treatises, and misplaced interpretations of original intent. One of
the more cogent [—] in the sense that it is readily followed—
arguments is that there were no United States citizens prior to the
ratification of the 14th Amendment. All Americans were merely
citizens of their own state and owed no allegiance to the federal
government. As a result of that amendment, however, Congress
created a new type of citizen—one who now enjoyed privileges
conferred by the federal government and in turn answered to that
government.

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One of the ramifications of this belief is the dependent belief that,
unless one specifically renounces his federal citizenship, he is not
the type of citizen originally contemplated by the Constitution.
And, in their view, the Constitution requires all federal office
holders to be the original or sovereign type of citizen, a state
citizen rather than a United States citizen. As a result, all federal
officers are holding office illegally and their laws and rules are
thus constitutionally suspect.

11 United States v. Mitchell, 405 F.Supp.2d 602, 605 (D.Md. 2005) (internal citation and quotation
12 marks omitted).
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Other courts have described a similar theory based on the belief that passing the

14 Fourteenth Amendment led to fictitious entities:
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Supposedly, prior to the passage of the Fourteenth amendment,
there were no U.S. citizens; instead, people were citizens only of
their individual states. Even after the passage of the Fourteenth
Amendment, U.S. citizenship remains optional. The federal
government, however, has tricked the populace into becoming U.S.
citizens by entering into 'contracts' embodied in such documents as
birth certificates and social security cards. With these contracts, an
individual unwittingly creates a fictitious entity (i.e., the U.S.
citizen) that represents, but is separate from, the real person.
Through these contracts, individuals also unknowingly pledge
themselves and their property, through their newly created
fictitious entities, as security for the national debt in exchange for
the benefits of citizenship.

22 Bryant v. Wash. Mut. Bank, 524 F.Supp.2d 753, 758 (W.D. Va. 2007).
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"The attempt to divide oneself into two separate entities … is a legal fiction and has been

2 struck down consistently in courts and around the country. See Santiago v. Century 21/PHH
3 Mortg., 2013 WL 1281776, at *5 (N.D.Ala. Mar. 27, 2013) (citing cases).
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Plaintiff's filings makes it evident that he adheres to the same type of "sovereign citizen"

5 theories that have been flatly rejected by this nation's courts. This court, like others across the
6 country, concludes that "'sovereign citizens,' like all citizens of the United States, are subject to
7 the laws of the jurisdiction in which they reside." Paul v. New York, 2013 WL 5973138, at *3
8 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 5, 2013) (quotation marks and citations omitted). "[T]he conspiracy and legal
9 revisionist theories of 'sovereign citizens' are not established law in this court or anywhere in this
10 country's valid legal system." Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted); see also United States v.
11 James, 328 F.3d 953, 954 (7th Cir. 2003) ("Laws of the United States apply to all persons within
12 its borders."); United States v. Benabe, 654 F.3d 753, 767 (7th Cir. 2011) ("Regardless of an
13 individual's claimed status of descent, be it as a 'sovereign citizen,' a 'secured-party creditor,' or a
14 'flesh-and-blood human being,' that person is not beyond the jurisdiction of the courts. These
15 theories should be rejected summarily, however they are presented.").
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The court rejects Plaintiff's theories, and he is subject to the laws of this jurisdiction and

17 remains obligated to pay the $350 filing fee over time. Plaintiff's request for an income and
18 expense report (ECF No. 25) is DENIED.
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IT IS SO ORDERED.
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Dated: June 29, 2020
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_________________________________
William G. Cobb
United States Magistrate Judge

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