TOTH v. VITALITY MEDICAL SUPPLIES et al

Filing 8

OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Renee Marie Bumb on 5/8/2024. (jab,N.M.)

[Docket No. 7]
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW
JERSEY CAMDEN VICINAGE

JOHN TOTH,
Plaintiff,
Civil No. 24-968 (RMB-SAK)

v.
VITALITY MEDICAL SUPPLIES,
BRAD PACKARD, RUKIYA
PACKARD, and ALL VITALITY
EMPLOYEES,

OPINION

Defendants.
RENÉE MARIE BUMB, Chief United States District Judge
THIS MATTER comes before the Court upon the filing of an Amended
Complaint by pro se Plaintiff John Toth. [Docket No. 7 (“AC”).] The Court previously
granted Mr. Toth’s amended application to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) and
screened and dismissed his complaint without prejudice pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1915(e)(2)(B). [Docket Nos. 5 (“Op.”), 6.] The Court now screens the Amended
Complaint.
I.

SCREENING FOR DISMISSAL
When a person files a complaint and is granted IFP status, 28 U.S.C. §

1915(e)(2)(B) requires courts to review the complaint and dismiss claims that are: (1)
frivolous or malicious; (2) fail to state a claim on which relief may be granted; or (3)
seek monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief. Courts,

however, must liberally construe pleadings that are filed pro se. Erickson v. Pardus, 551
U.S. 89, 94 (2007). The legal standard for dismissing a complaint for failure to state a
claim, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), is the same as that for dismissal under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). See Schreane v. Seana, 506 F. App’x 120, 122
(3d Cir. 2012). “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient
factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’”
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550
U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual
content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is
liable for the misconduct alleged.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556.
Pro se complaints are to be “liberally construed” and are “held to less stringent
standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89,
94 (2007). Although pro se pleadings are to be liberally construed, “pro se litigants still
must allege sufficient facts in their complaints to support a claim.” Owens v. Armstrong,
171 F.Supp.3d 316, 328 (D.N.J. 2016) (quoting Mala v. Crown Bay Marina, Inc., 704
F.3d 239, 245 (3d Cir. 2013)). Thus, pro se litigants are not exempt from complying
with federal pleading standards. See Thakar v. Tan, 372 F.App'x 325, 328 (3d Cir.
2010).
II.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
As explained in the Court’s prior Opinion dismissing Plaintiff’s original

complaint, Plaintiff brings this action against a medical supplies company, Vitality
Medical Supplies (“Vitality”), its co-founders and “all Vitality employees”
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(collectively, “Defendants”). Plaintiff alleges that he suffers from COPD and must use
a nebulizer to help him breathe. [See Docket No. 1 (“Compl.”) ¶¶ 1–2; AC ¶¶ 1–4.]
Building on the allegations of his original complaint, his Amended Complaint alleges
that the company he usually buys his replacement nebulizers from went out of
business. [AC ¶ 4.] He alleges that he called Vitality and asked whether they sold
nebulizers and whether they had any in stock. [AC ¶ 10–11.] An employee for Vitality
allegedly answered yes to both questions. [Id.] Plaintiff then asked how long it would
take for a nebulizer to be delivered. [Id. ¶ 12.] The Vitality employee responded that it
would take between one and three days for the nebulizer to be delivered. [Id.] Based
on those representations, Plaintiff then ordered the nebulizer from Vitality. [Id. ¶ 14.]
But Plaintiff alleges that he did not receive delivery of the nebulizer until 49 days after
placing the order. [AC ¶¶ 14–17.] During the intervening period, Plaintiff alleges that
he could not breathe and suffered severe COPD attacks, sometimes leaving him “near
death.” [Compl. ¶ 5; AC ¶¶ 17–20.]
In his original complaint, Plaintiff asserted claims under the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetics Act (“FDCA”), 21 U.S.C. § 301 et seq. and the Americans with
Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. The Court dismissed his FDCA
claim because the FDCA confers no private right of action. [Op. at 2.] And it dismissed
his ADA claim because Plaintiff did not allege that he was denied access to goods,
services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public
accommodation because he has a disability; rather, he alleged only that his nebulizer

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did not arrive fast enough. [Id. at 3.] The Court afforded Plaintiff thirty days to amend
his complaint.
III.

ANALYSIS
Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint now alleges that Defendants’ delay in shipping

the nebulizer was negligent because it was a deviation of the standard of care. [AC ¶
16; see also id. at 1, 3.] Negligence is a breach of a legal duty that causes harm. Townsend
v. Pierre, 110 A.3d 52, 61 (N.J. 2015) (“To sustain a cause of action for negligence, a
plaintiff must establish four elements: (1) a duty of care, (2) a breach of that duty, (3)
proximate cause, and (4) actual damages.”) (internal quotation marks omitted)). But
it is not clear how a business would have a legal duty in tort to provide prompt
shipment to its customers, even for a device that might be medically necessary. See
Restatement (Second) of Torts § 314 (1965) (“The fact that the actor realizes or should
realize that action on his part is necessary for another’s aid or protection does not of
itself impose upon him a duty to take such action.”). Imposing such liability on a
medical device company would turn its business into a physician’s clinic, making it
liable for actions sounding in medical malpractice. See McDougall v. Lamm, 48 A.3d
312, 325 (N.J. 2012) (“[D]eciding whether one party owes another a duty of care
‘involves identifying, weighing, and balancing several factors-the relationship of the
parties, the nature of the attendant risk, the opportunity and ability to exercise care,
and the public interest in the proposed solution.’”) (quoting Hopkins v. Fox & Lazo
Realtors, 625 A.2d 1110 (N.J. 1993)). Accordingly, the Court will dismiss the sole

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negligence claim asserted in the Amended Complaint with prejudice as amendment of
that claim would be futile.
IV.

CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, the Court will DISMISS the negligence claim

asserted in the Amended Complaint WITH PREJUDICE. An appropriate Order
follows.
May 8, 2024
Date

s/Renée Marie Bumb
RENÉE MARIE BUMB
Chief United States District Judge

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