FONTI v. HEALTH PROFESSIONALS & ALLIED EMPLOYEES AFT/AFL-CIO, RETIREE MEDICAL TRUST et al

Filing 83

OPINION fld. Signed by Judge Esther Salas on 4/2/15. (sr, )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
KATHLEEN FONTI, et al.,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 13-4231 (ES)
v.
OPINION
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS & ALLIED
EMPLOYEES, et al.,
Defendants.
SALAS, DISTRICT JUDGE
Pending before the Court is Defendant Hannah Twomey’s appeal of United States
Magistrate Judge Joseph A. Dickson’s July 11, 2014 Opinion and Order (the “Order”), (D.E. Nos.
49, 50), granting Plaintiffs’ request to file the Second Amended Complaint. (D.E. No. 57-2). The
Court has considered the parties’ submissions and decides the motion without oral argument
pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 78. For the reasons that follow, the Court AFFIRMS
the Order.
I.

FACTS & PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Kathleen Fonti, Judith Freemantle, Linda Hegarty, Anne Picogna, and Adrian Rojas

(collectively, “Plaintiffs”) are members of the Health Professionals & Allied Employees
AFT/AFL-CIO labor union (the “Union” or “HPAE”). (D.E. No. 51, Second Amended Complaint
(“Sec. Am. Compl.”) ¶¶ 1-5). Initially, Plaintiff Kathleen Fonti (“Fonti”) filed a complaint in the
Superior Court of New Jersey, Bergen County Law Division, on May 17, 2013. (D.E. No. 1-1,
Ex. A, Complaint). The original complaint asserted claims of breach of fiduciary duty against the
Union and its plan administrator under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”),

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29 U.S.C. §§ 1104, 1132(c), 1022, 1024. (Id. ¶ 27). Fonti later filed the First Amended Complaint
on June 5, 2013, adding claims for breach of fiduciary duty under ERISA against the Union;
Hannah Twomey (“Twomey”), President of the Union; and Michael Slott, Education and
Communication Director of the Union (collectively, “Defendants”).

(D.E. No. 1-2, Ex. B,

Amended Complaint, ¶¶ 8, 11-12).
On June 10, 2013, Defendants removed the case to United States District Court for the
District of New Jersey. (D.E. No. 1, Notice of Removal). Thereafter, the Union and Twomey
filed an answer to the First Amended Complaint and cross-claims against Fonti for defamation.
(D.E. No. 15, Amended Answer and Counterclaim). On December 3, 2013, Judge Dickson entered
a Pretrial Scheduling Order that provided the parties the opportunity to amend their pleadings until
April 1, 2014. (D.E. No. 25). Fonti timely filed a motion seeking leave to file the Second Amended
Complaint. (D.E. No. 34).
In the Second Amended Complaint, Fonti sought to add a claim against Twomey for
violating the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (“LMRDA”), 29 U.S.C. § 501.1
(D.E. No. 34-1, Brief in Support of Motion to File Second Amended Complaint (“Pl. Am. Br.”) at
1). According to Fonti, Twomey was involved in a romantic relationship with Richard Loccke, a
named partner at the law firm Loccke, Correia, Limsky & Buksoky. (Sec. Am. Compl. ¶ 58).
Based on publicly available information, Twomey resides at Loccke’s home. (Id.). As president
of the Union, Twomey awarded legal work to Loccke’s law firm, without question, on a no-bid
basis. (Id. ¶ 61). The Union paid Loccke’s firm approximately $1.4 million in legal fees. (Id. ¶

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In addition to the LMRDA claim asserted against Twomey, Fonti’s Second Amended Complaint added four
plaintiffs, Judith Freemantle, Linda Hegarty, Anne Picogna, and Adrian Rojas, and asserted a breach of fiduciary duty
claim against two new defendants, Joan Johnson and Christine O’Hearn. (Sec. Am. Compl. ¶¶ 2-5, 11-12, 45; Pl. Am.
Br. at 5).

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59). Twomey’s relationship with Loccke, according to Fonti, created a conflict of interest with
the Union that Twomey failed to disclose. (Id. ¶ 63).
Fonti further asserted that she approached Twomey and questioned her about the conflict
of interest, which Twomey failed to address. (Id. ¶ 62). Moreover, Fonti asserted that in or about
2008, she sent a letter to the Union’s State Executive Council regarding Twomey’s conflict. (Id.
¶ 64). However, the Union failed to investigate the matter. (Id.). Fonti went on to publish details
surrounding Twomey’s alleged conflict of interest on her website. (Id. ¶ 65). Other members of
the union became aware of Fonti’s website and the allegations contained therein. (Id.).
Twomey filed a brief in opposition to Fonti’s motion for leave to amend. (D.E. No. 40-1,
Defendant’s Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend (“Def. Am. Opp. Br.”)). In her
opposition, Twomey argued that: (1) Fonti’s amendment was futile; (2) the amended pleading was
merely harassment and vexatious litigation (bad faith); (3) the proposed LMRDA claim was barred
by the statute of limitations; (4) the proposed amendments would prejudice the Defendants; (5)
Fonti failed to meet the pleading prerequisites under the LMRDA; (6) the doctrine of laches barred
Fonti’s LMRDA claim; and (7) Fonti was attempting to create a conflict of interest for the Union.
(See id.). Ultimately, Judge Dickson concluded that Fonti sufficiently pled a LMRDA claim, that
Fonti’s LMRDA claim constituted good cause pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 501(b), that Twomey failed
to articulate a bad faith argument, and that the amendment would not result in prejudice. (D.E.
No. 49, Judge Dickson’s July 11, 2014 Opinion (“Op.”) at 7, 9, 10). Thus, Judge Dickson granted
Fonti’s motion to amend. (D.E. No. 50, Judge Dickson’s July 11, 2014 Order). Following Judge
Dickson’s Order, Fonti filed the Second Amended Complaint. (D.E. No. 51).
On July 25, 2014, Twomey filed an appeal of Judge Dickson’s Order. (D.E. No. 57-2,
Defendant’s Brief in Support of Appeal of Magistrate Judge’s Order (“Def. Mov. Br.”)). Fonti

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filed an opposition thereafter. (D.E. No. 63, Plaintiff’s Brief in Opposition to Appeal of Magistrate
Judge’s Order (“Pl. Opp. Br.”)). The motion is now ripe for adjudication.
II.

LEGAL STANDARD
Magistrate judges are afford wide discretion in addressing and deciding nondispositive

pretrial matters. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a); Marks v. Struble, 347 F. Supp. 2d 136, 149 (D.N.J. 2004).
On appeal, a “district judge may only set aside an order of a magistrate concerning a nondispositive
matter where the order has been shown to be clearly erroneous or contrary to law.” Grider v.
Keystone Health Plan Cent., Inc., 580 F.3d 119, 146 (3d Cir. 2009) (quoting Snow Machs., Inc. v.
Hedco, Inc., 838 F.2d 718, 727–28 (3d Cir. 1988) (internal quotations omitted)). “This is so even
if [the district court] would have decided the issue differently.” Marks, 347 F. Supp. 2d at 149
(citing Toth v. Alice Pearl, Inc., 158 F.R.D. 47, 50 (D.N.J. 1994)). “A finding is clearly erroneous
when although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” Id. (quoting Dome
Petroleum Ltd. v. Employers Mut. Liab. Ins. Co., 131 F.R.D. 63, 65 (D.N.J. 1990)). A decision is
contrary to law “if the Magistrate Judge misinterpreted or misapplied the applicable law.” Id.
(citing Gunter v. Ridgewood Energy Corp., 32 F. Supp. 2d 162, 164 (D.N.J. 1988)). The party
filing the appeal has the burden of demonstrating that the magistrate judge’s decision was clearly
erroneous or contrary to law. Cardona v. Gen. Motors Corp., 942 F. Supp. 968, 971 (D.N.J. 1996)
(citing Exxon Corp. v. Halcon Shipping, Co., 156 F.R.D. 589, 591 (D.N.J. 1994)).
III.

DISCUSSION
Twomey asserts that the Order granting Fonti leave to file the Second Amended Complaint

ought to be reversed. (Def. Mov. Br. at 1). In her opposition to Fonti’s motion to amend, Twomey
urged Judge Dickson to deny Fonti’s motion for several reasons, including: futility, bad faith,

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prejudice, statute of limitations and doctrine of laches, and Fonti’s failure to comply with the
pleading prerequisites under the LMRDA. (See Def. Am. Opp. Br.).
Now, on her appeal of the Order, Twomey asserts that Judge Dickson’s decision to grant
Fonti leave to file the Second Amended Complaint was clearly erroneous and contrary to law
because Fonti’s amendment was futile and failed to establish good cause pursuant the LMRDA.
(Def. Mov. Br. at 1-2). Furthermore, Twomey asserts that Judge Dickson failed to address the
entirety of her pleading prerequisite, bad faith, statute of limitations, and doctrine of laches
arguments. (Id.). The Court will address Twomey’s arguments in turn.  
A. Futility—Failure to State a Cause of Action
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a), a party may amend a pleading once as a
matter of course. Beyond this, a party may amend a pleading only with leave of the court or with
the consent of opposing counsel. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). The grant or denial of a motion to amend
is within the discretion of the district court. Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). “The
court should freely give leave when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). Reasons a court
could deny leave to amend include undue delay, bad faith, dilatory motive, prejudice, and
futility. In re Burlington Coat Factory Sec. Litig., 114 F.3d 1410, 1434 (3d Cir. 1997). An
amendment is futile when “the complaint, as amended, would fail to state a claim upon which
relief could be granted.” Id. (citing Glassman v. Computervision, 90 F.3d 617, 623 (1st Cir. 1996)).
“In assessing ‘futility,’ the district court applies the same standard of legal sufficiency as applies
under Rule 12(b)(6).” Id.
Twomey’s opposition to the motion to amend asserted three futility arguments: (1) that
Fonti failed to assert her LMRDA as a derivative action, as required under 29 U.S.C. § 501;2 (2)

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Twomey did not address this argument in her brief in support of the instant motion. Thus, the Court concludes that
Defendant has abandoned this argument.

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that the alleged relationship between Twomey and Richard Loccke failed to meet the reporting
requirements listed under the Report of Officers and Employees of Labor Organizations section of
the LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. § 432(a)(4); and (3) that Fonti’s LMRDA allegations were “purely
speculative and conclusory” in that they were based “[u]pon information and belief.” (Def. Am.
Opp. Br. at 4-5). Essentially, Twomey argued that leave to file the Second Amended Complaint
was futile because the allegations would not overcome a motion to dismiss. (Id.).
Under the LMRDA, union officers are fiduciaries who have the duty “to hold [the
organization’s] money and property solely for the benefit of the organization and its members
. . . .” 29 U.S.C. § 501(a). Under the same, union officers are to “refrain from . . . holding or
acquiring any pecuniary or personal interest which conflicts with the interest of [the]
organization.” Id. Members of a labor organization may sue officers for violations of their
fiduciary duties under Section 501(a). 29 U.S.C. § 501(b).
Here, Judge Dickson concluded that Fonti’s “allegations state sufficient facts to plead a
violation of the LMRDA,” (Op. at 8), thus finding Twomey’s futility arguments unavailing. Fonti
alleged that Twomey was romantically involved with Richard Loccke for thirty years and
cohabitated with him. (Sec. Am. Compl. ¶ 58). Furthermore, Fonti alleged that Twomey, as
President of the Union, awarded Loccke’s law firm legal contracts on a no bid basis. (Id. ¶ 61).
Essentially, Fonti asserted that Loccke performed legal work for the Union and that the money
received from that legal work directly benefited Twomey because she lived with Loccke, thus
creating a conflict of interest. (Id. ¶ 60).
The Court agrees with Judge Dickson that Fonti sufficiently stated a cause of action under
the LMRDA. Contrary to Twomey’s argument, Fonti’s allegations were not purely speculative
and conclusory; she did more than merely recite the language of the LMRDA. Although portions

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of Fonti’s LMRDA claim were asserted “[u]pon information and belief,” others were not. For
example, Fonti asserted that “Twomey’s romantic relationship with Loccke is a personal interest
which has the potential to conflict with the interests of the HPAE,” that “Twomey stood to benefit
directly from any increase in legal fees HPAE paid to Loccke’s firm,” and that “Twomey did not
respond to Fonti’s concerns.” (Id. ¶¶ 60, 62). Fonti did not make the foregoing assertions upon
information and belief.
Furthermore, these same allegations demonstrate that Fonti provided more than threadbare
recitals of the LMRDA. Fonti provided detailed factual allegations that state a claim that is
plausible on its face. Therefore, Fonti’s amendment to include LMRDA allegations against
Twomey was not futile.
The Court also concludes that Twomey’s futility argument regarding 29 U.S.C. § 432(a)(4)
is unavailing. The Report of Officers and Employees of Labor Organizations section of the
LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. § 432, requires every officer and employee of a labor organization to report
“any . . . interest . . . which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in . . . or any
other benefit with monetary value (including reimbursed expenses) which he or his spouse or
minor child directly or indirectly derived from . . . dealing with such labor organization.” 29
U.S.C. § 432(a)(4). Fonti’s Second Amended Complaint does not assert an independent claim
against Twomey under Section 432(a)(4). (Pl. Opp. Br. at 9). Rather, Fonti merely cited Section
432(a)(4) to bolster Plaintiffs’ claim that Twomey breached her fiduciary duty under Section 501
by failing to disclose her conflict of interest to the Department of Labor in accordance with 29
USC § 432(a)(4). (Id.). Based on Fonti’s representations, and the prayer for relief sought in the
Second Amended Complaint, (Sec. Am. Compl. ¶ 66A), the Court concludes that Fonti is not
asserting a separate claim for damages under 29 U.S.C. § 432(a)(4).

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In any event, had Fonti asserted a Section 432(a) claim, a review of the Second Amended
Complaint properly supports Fonti’s allegation that Twomey held a reportable interest or benefit.
The operative language in Section 432(a)(4) states that an officer or employee must report “any
. . . interest . . . which he or his spouse . . . directly or indirectly held . . . or any other benefit . . .
which he or his spouse . . . directly or indirectly derived.” 29 U.S.C. § 432(a)(4) (emphasis added).
Based on the language of the statute, there are two situations that trigger reporting: (1) if an officer
or employee directly or indirectly derives a benefit from dealing with the labor organization, or (2)
if an officer or employee’s spouse or minor child directly or indirectly derives a benefit from
dealing with the labor organization. See id.
Fonti’s allegations would appear to fall squarely within the first situation, where the
officer, Twomey, directly or indirectly holds a benefit for herself. Fonti asserts “Twomey stood
to benefit directly”3 from the legal fees that the Union paid Loccke’s firm. (Sec. Am. Compl. ¶
60). Thus, Fonti argues that the statute requires disclosure for direct and indirect interests that a
union officer derives from business dealings with the Union without regard to that officer’s marital
or parental status. (Pl. Opp. Br. at 9). The fact that Twomey was not legally married to Loccke
is of no moment in the analysis since Twomey is the officer under Section 432(a)(4) that directly
or indirectly holds a reportable benefit. (Id.). Based on a review of the Second Amended,
Complaint and considering Fonti’s articulated reason for citing Section 432(a)(4), the Court
concludes that the evidence supports Judge Dickson’s decisions as to futility, and the Order was
not clearly erroneous or contrary to law.

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Although Fonti asserts that Twomey stood to directly derive a benefit from the legal fees paid to Loccke’s law firm,
the Court believes that Fonti could equally assert that Twomey indirectly benefitted from the fees paid to Loccke’s
firm since Twomey was romantically involved with a named partner at the firm, Richard Loccke, and allegedly
cohabited with him. (See Sec. Am. Compl. ¶ 60).

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B. Statute of Limitations
In her opposition to Fonti’s motion to amend, Twomey asserted two arguments regarding
the time with which plaintiffs may bring Section 501(a) claims. First, Twomey asserted that New
Jersey’s two-year tort statute of limitations applies to causes of action under the LMRDA. (Def.
Am. Opp. Br. at 7). Thereafter, Twomey asserted that actions arising under Section 501(a) are
equitable in nature and governed by the doctrine of laches, rather than a specific statute of
limitations. (Id. at 16).
Section 501(a) claims are equitable in nature. Therefore, the doctrine of laches, rather than
a specific statute of limitations, applies to timeliness. See Gruca v. U.S. Steel Corp., 495 F.2d
1252, 1257 (3d Cir. 1974) (“In the absence of any statute of limitations made applicable to similar
equitable claims, equity has provided its own rule of limitations through the use of the doctrine of
laches.”); see also Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Wharehouseman & Helpers, Local 764 v. Greenawalt,
880 F. Supp. 1076, 1083 (M.D. Pa. 1995); Morris v. Scardelletti, No. 94-3557, 1994 WL 675461,
at *7–8 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 23, 1994).
“Laches conceptualizes the inequity which may inhere when a stale claim is permitted to
be enforced. By its very nature the doctrine addresses itself to the sound discretion of the trial
judge.” Gruca, 495 F.2d at 1258. The doctrine of laches consists of two elements, inexcusable
delay in instituting suit and prejudice resulting from such delay. U.S. Fire Ins. Co. v. Asbestospray,
Inc., 182 F.3d 201, 208 (3d Cir. 1999). To show inexcusable delay, the party asserting laches must
show that the nonmoving party sat on its rights. Beattie v. Line Mountain Sch. Dist., 992 F. Supp.
2d 384, 396 (M.D. Pa. 2014) (citing In re Mushroom Transp. Co., 382 F.3d 325, 342–43 (3d Cir.
2004)). To establish prejudice, the party raising laches “must demonstrate that the delay caused a

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disadvantage in asserting and establishing a claimed right or defense.” U.S. Fire Ins. Co., 182
F.3d at 208 (quoting Mushroom Transp. Co., 382 F.3d at 327 (internal citations omitted)).
Twomey’s assertion that Fonti “sat on her hands for nearly six (6) years before taking any
type of [legal] action,” (Def. Mov. Br. at 8), could constitute inexcusable delay, and therefore, she
contends, Judge Dickson should not have permitted Fonti to amend the First Amended Complaint.
(Id.; Def. Am. Opp. Br. at 16). Twomey further asserts that Judge Dickson’s failure to specifically
address her laches argument was clearly erroneous. (Def. Mov. Br. at 8). Although Judge Dickson
did not specifically consider Twomey’s laches argument, a review of His Honor’s Order indicates
that Judge Dickson found that Twomey would not be disadvantaged since fact discovery had not
yet concluded. (Op. at 10). Furthermore, a review of Twomey’s briefs submitted in support of
the instant appeal motion and in opposition to Fonti’s motion to amend reveal that what is
significantly missing from Twomey’s argument is any assertion that she would be disadvantaged
in asserting a claimed right or defense. See U.S. Fire Ins. Co., 182 F.3d at 208. Accordingly, the
Court agrees with Judge Dickson that allowing Fonti to proceed with her LMRDA claim will not
disadvantage Twomey.
C. Pleading Prerequisites of 29 U.S.C. § 501
Additionally, Twomey asserts that Fonti failed to meet the pleading prerequisites outlined
in 29 U.S.C. § 501(b). Under Section 501(b),
When any officer, agent, shop steward, or representative of any labor organization
is alleged to have violated the duties declared in subsection (a) of this section and
the labor organization or its governing board or officers refuse or fail to sue or
recover damages or secure an accounting or other appropriate relief within a
reasonable time after being requested to do so by any member of the labor
organization, such member may sue such officer, agent, shop steward, or
representative in any district court of the United States or in any State court of
competent jurisdiction to recover damages or secure an accounting or other
appropriate relief for the benefit of the labor organization. No such proceeding shall

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be brought except upon leave of the court obtained upon verified application and
for good cause shown, which application may be made ex parte.
29 U.S.C. § 501(b) (emphasis added). Twomey claims that Fonti failed to make a request upon
the Union, verify the Second Amended Complaint, and demonstrate good cause. (Def. Mov. Br.
at 9).
“Section 501(b) was designed to prevent the filing of harassing and vexatious suits brought
without merit or good faith against union officials.” Sabolsky v. Budzanoski, 457 F.2d 1245, 1253
(3d Cir. 1972). However, “a lack of formality in observing the procedures of Section 501(b) will
not bar a court from granting leave, where appropriate.” Id. at 1249. These formalities include
the request requirement, the good cause requirement, and the verified application requirement.
The first of the three formalities is the request requirement. Prior to asserting a claim under
Section 501(a), a labor organization member should request that the labor organization secure
appropriate relief on the member’s behalf. 29 U.S.C. § 501(b). Should the labor organization
refuse or fail to bring suit, the member may do so for the benefit of the labor organization. Id. In
Sabolsky, the Third Circuit held that “there is no mandatory exhaustion of internal remedies
requirement in suits brought under Section 501 of the LMRDA,” id. at 1252, and noted that
particular requests to sue could potentially be futile, id. at 1253. See also O’Rourke v. Crosley,
847 F. Supp. 1208, 1219 (D.N.J. 1994) (holding that plaintiff “is entitled the opportunity to prove
that requesting that the union take legal action would have been futile”).
Based upon the allegations contained in the Second Amended Complaint, Fonti complied
with Section 501(b)’s request requirement. According to Fonti, she approached Twomey, as
President of the Union, to inform Twomey that her conflict of interest violated the Union’s rules.
(Sec. Am. Comp. ¶ 62). Moreover, in 2008, Fonti wrote a letter to the Union’s State Executive
Council concerning Twomey’s alleged conflict of interest. (Id. ¶ 64). Furthermore, since June

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2013, Fonti has publicly posted about Twomey’s alleged conflict of interest on her website. (Id.
¶ 65). According to Fonti, none of her attempts upon the Union or Twomey yielded investigation
into Twomey’s conflict of interest. (Pl. Opp. Br. at 14). In any event, Fonti also alleges that,
given Twomey’s position as President of the Union, any further demand upon the Union to take
action would be futile. (Sec. Am. Compl. ¶ 66). Fonti’s request to the Union and Twomey and
letter to the State Executive Council, although informal, can be construed as a request to take action
against Twomey for her alleged violation of fiduciary duties. Furthermore, the Court agrees that
any further demand upon the Union would have been futile given Twomey’s position as President.
Therefore, Fonti has established not only that a request was made, but that any further request
would have been futile. See Sabolsky, 457 F.2d at 1253.
The second formality is the good cause requirement. The Third Circuit has held that “the
existence of ‘good cause’ may be discernible from the allegations of the verified complaint.”
Loretangeli v. Critelli, 853 F.2d 186, 192 (3d Cir. 1988). A court, in its discretion, may also “take
all the facts and circumstances into consideration in determining whether good cause has been
shown.” Purcell v. Keane, 406 F.2d 1195, 1200 (3d Cir. 1969); see also Woods v. Local No. 12
Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n, 438 F. Supp. 578, 580-81 (W.D. Pa. 1977).
The Court concludes that Fonti established good cause.

Judge Dickson thoroughly

reviewed the Second Amended Complaint and concluded that Fonti sufficiently stated a LMRDA
claim. Based on this finding, Judge Dickson held that Fonti’s allegations constituted good cause
pursuant to Section 501(b). (Op. at 9). The Court concurs with Judge Dickson that Fonti properly
pled a LMRDA cause of action. Therefore, Fonti’s LMRDA claim is meritorious, which contrasts
with the types of suits that 501(b) was designed to prevent. See Sabolsky, 457 F.2d at 1253 (quoted

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supra). As such, Judge Dickson’s decision that Fonti established good cause was not clearly
erroneous or contrary to law.
The third and final formality is the verified application requirement. The LMRDA does
not define a verified application. However, Section 501(b) case law reveals a commonality. In
Sabolsky, the Third Circuit addressed Section 501(b) and remanded the case to the district court to
grant leave to file the complaint. Sabolsky, 457 F.2d at 1249. The plaintiffs in Sabolsky contended
that they satisfied the verified application requirement simply by filing a complaint that was
verified by over 100 union members. Id. Similarly, in Pawlak v. Greenawalt, the district court
concluded that the plaintiffs’ complaint itself met the verified application requirement. There, the
complaint was verified by two plaintiffs, and the first paragraph of the complaint contained a
prayer for relief requesting permission to sue. Pawlak v. Greenawalt, 464 F. Supp. 1265, 1269
(M.D. Pa. 1979).
Here, Twomey alleges that Fonti’s pleadings are not verified and Judge Dickson’s Order
was clearly erroneous for failing to address all of the procedural prerequisites under Section
501(b). However, the Court disagrees with Twomey and concludes that Fonti complied with the
verified application requirement.

Fonti, along with the other Plaintiffs, submitted sworn

documents certifying the allegations against Twomey. (See D.E. Nos. 43-2, 43-3, 43-4, 43-5, 436). The terms verify and certify are nearly synonymous.4 Therefore, the Court will construe
Plaintiffs’ certifications as verification of the allegations against Twomey under the LMRDA, thus
satisfying the verified application requirement. See Sabolsky, 457 F.2d at 1249; Pawlak, 464 F.
Supp. at 1269.

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According to Merriam Webster’s Online Dictionary, the definition of verify is “to confirm or substantiate by law or
oath,” and the definition of certify is “to attest to authoritatively . . . confirm.” Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary,
(Mar. 24, 2015, 2:01 PM) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/verify, http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/certify.

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In any event, if the foregoing facts did not amount to a verified application, the Court would
not bar Fonti from suing because “a lack of formality in observing the procedures of Section 501(b)
will not bar a court from granting leave, where appropriate.” Sabolsky, 457 F.2d at 1249. Both
Judge Dickson and the Court conclude that Fonti sufficiently stated a LMRDA claim and
demonstrated good cause under Section 501(b). Therefore, the Court concludes that it would not
be appropriate to bar Fonti from asserting a viable LMRDA. As such, the Order was not clearly
erroneous or contrary to law by permitting Fonti to file the Second Amended Complaint.
D. Harassment and Vexatious Litigation (i.e. Bad Faith)
Lastly, the Court shall address Twomey’s harassment and vexatious litigation (i.e. bad
faith) argument. Twomey argues that the “entire lawsuit is nothing more than retaliation.” (Def.
Mov. Br. at 6). In particular, Twomey states that “Fonti holds Defendant Twomey directly
responsible for Fonti’s prior criminal conviction,” and that “[t]he website and Amended
Complaints are designed solely to harass Twomey.” (Id.). Twomey contends that Judge Dickson’s
Order was clearly erroneous for failing to address her bad faith argument. (Id. at 7).
Contrary to Twomey’s assertion, the Order did address her bad faith argument. Judge
Dickson concluded that Twomey failed to articulate a viable bad faith argument. (Op. at 7 n.6).
Upon review, the Court concurs. Twomey premises her bad faith argument on harassment and
vexatious litigation, which Section 501(b) was enacted to prevent. The Court has already
concluded, however, that Fonti has demonstrated “good cause” to assert a LMRDA claim and that
she complied with all of the pleading prerequisites under Section 501(b). Furthermore, Twomey’s
bad faith argument is premised on conclusory allegations, (see Def. Mov. Br. at 6, (that “Fonti
holds Defendant Twomey directly responsible for Fonti’s prior criminal conviction,” that the
“Amended Complaints are designed solely to harass,” and that “[t]his entire lawsuit is nothing

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more than retaliation”), and provides no factual basis upon which the Court can infer bad faith. As
such, the Court concludes that Twomey failed to articulate a viable bad faith argument, and the
Order was not clearly erroneous or contrary law.
IV.

CONCLUSION
Accordingly, Defendant’s motion appealing Judge Dickson is DENIED.
s/Esther Salas
Esther Salas, U.S.D.J.

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