ORTIZ et al v. REICHHOLD, INC. et al
Filing
23
OPINION fld. Signed by Judge Susan D. Wigenton on 10/20/14. (sr, )
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
:
CARLOS ORTIZ & SERVIDIEU OJENTIS, :
:
Plaintiffs,
:
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v.
:
:
REICHHOLD, INC. & JOHN DOES #1-2,
:
:
Defendants.
:
:
Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-06641
OPINION
October 20, 2014
WIGENTON, District Judge.
Before this Court is Defendant Reichhold, Inc.’s (“Reichhold” or “Defendant”) Motion to
Dismiss the Amended Complaint filed by Plaintiffs Carlos Ortiz and Servidieu Ojentis
(collectively “Plaintiffs”) pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).
This Court has jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Venue is proper
in this District pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b). This Court, having considered the parties’
submissions, decides this matter without oral argument pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 78.
For the reasons set forth below, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss is GRANTED.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Reichhold is a resin manufacturer and a citizen of North Carolina. (See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 1,
7.) Reichhold operated a manufacturing facility located in Newark, New Jersey (the “Facility”)
from the late 1980’s until October 29, 2012. Id.; (Def. Reichhold, Inc.’s Br. in Supp. of Mot. to
Dismiss Pls.’ Am. Compl. (“Def.’s Br.”) 3.) Plaintiffs are citizens of New Jersey and had been
1
employees at Defendant’s Facility for over 20 years until November 2, 2011 when they were
terminated as part of Defendant’s nationwide reduction in force. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 5-6, 8, 20;
Def.’s Br. 4.)
At the time of the termination, Plaintiffs allege that they were members of a protected
class under the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination, N.J.S.A. 10:5-1, et seq. (“NJLAD”), as
Ortiz was fifty-three years old and black, and Ojentis was fifty-one years old and of Hispanic
descent. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 10, 23.) Additionally, Plaintiffs allege that at the time of their
termination their “work performance met or exceeded the expectation of [Defendant],” and their
termination was “motivated [by Plaintiffs’] age, seniority status with the company and race.”
(Am. Compl. ¶¶ 9, 11, 22, 24.) Plaintiffs also assert that “workers who were not members of
[Plaintiffs’] protected class were not affected by the reduction in force.” (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 11, 23.)
Employees at the Facility, including Plaintiffs, were members of a union, which had been a party
to a Collective Bargaining Agreement (“CBA”) with Defendant. (Def.’s Br. 4.)
Plaintiff alleged that the Facility shutdown some time in 2012 after they were
terminated. 1 (See Am. Compl. ¶ 11.) As a result, all employees at the Facility were terminated.
(Def.’s Br. 4.) Pursuant to the CBA, the terminated employees were granted severance benefits,
and additionally, there was an “Effects Bargaining Memorandum of Agreement,” which stated
the eligibility and ineligibility for severance payment under the CBA. (Id.) Plaintiffs were
members of the ineligible group. (Id.) Plaintiffs contend that Defendant deprived them of the
severance benefits accorded to them under the Employment Retirement Income Security Act
(“ERISA”) because the benefits were contingent on the closure of the Facility and they were
wrongfully terminated prior to the closure. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 12-13, 25-26.)
1
Defendant asserts that on or about October 29, 2012, the Facility closed following Hurricane Sandy. (Def.’s Br. 4.)
2
On November 1, 2013, Plaintiffs filed a complaint against Reichhold alleging violations
of NJLAD and ERISA. (Dkt. No. 1.) On December 23, 2013, Defendant filed a motion to
dismiss. (Dkt. No. 8.) On January 28, 2014, Plaintiffs opposed the motion to dismiss and filed a
cross-motion to amend the complaint. (Dkt. No. 9.) On February 11, 2014, Defendant filed its
reply. (Dkt. No. 10.) On April 15, 2014, this case was reassigned from Judge Dennis M.
Cavanaugh to Judge Susan D. Wigenton. (Dkt. No. 11.) On May 16, 2014 an opinion was issued
that granted in part Defendant’s motion to dismiss and granted Plaintiffs’ cross-motion to amend
the complaint. (Dkt. Nos. 12, 13.) On May 20, 2014, Plaintiffs filed their amended complaint
against Defendant (“Amended Complaint”) alleging violations of NJLAD and ERISA regarding
each plaintiff, and requesting punitive damages. (Dkt. No. 14.) On May 29, 2014, Defendant
filed the instant motion to dismiss (“Motion to Dismiss”) Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint. (Dkt.
No. 15.) On July 8, 2014, Plaintiffs opposed Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss. (Dkt. No. 19.) On
July 15, 2014, Defendant filed its reply. 2 (Dkt. No. 22.)
II.
LEGAL STANDARD
The adequacy of pleadings is governed by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2), which
requires that a complaint allege “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the
pleader is entitled to relief.” This Rule “requires more than labels and conclusions, and a
formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action . . . . Factual allegations must be enough
to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544,
555 (2007) (internal citations omitted); see also Phillips v. Cnty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 231
(3d Cir. 2008) (stating that Rule 8 “‘requires a ‘showing’ rather than a blanket assertion of an
entitlement to relief’” (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 n.3)).
2
On June 18, 2014 this matter was consolidated with cv-13-7352 for all purposes, as it appeared to be a duplicate
filing. (Dkt. No. 16.)
3
In considering a Motion to Dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the
Court must “‘accept all factual allegations as true, construe the complaint in the light most
favorable to the plaintiff, and determine whether, under any reasonable reading of the complaint,
the plaintiff may be entitled to relief.”’ Phillips, 515 F.3d at 231 (quoting Pinker v. Roche
Holdings Ltd., 292 F.3d 361, 374 n.7 (3d Cir. 2002)). However, “the tenet that a court must
accept as true all of the allegations contained in a complaint is inapplicable to legal conclusions.
Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory
statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Twombly, 550
U.S. at 555). If the “well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere
possibility of misconduct,” the complaint should be dismissed for failing to show “‘that the
pleader is entitled to relief’” as required by Rule 8(a)(2). Id. at 679 (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P.
8(a)(2)).
According to the Supreme Court in Twombly, “[w]hile a complaint attacked by a Rule
12(b)(6) motion to dismiss does not need detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff’s obligation to
provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than labels and conclusions,
and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.” 550 U.S. at 555
(second alteration in original) (internal citations omitted) (quoting Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S.
265, 286 (1986)). The Third Circuit summarized the Twombly pleading standard as follows:
“‘stating . . . a claim requires a complaint with enough factual matter (taken as true) to suggest’
the required element.” Phillips, 515 F.3d at 234 (alterations in original) (quoting Twombly, 550
U.S. at 556).
In Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, the Third Circuit directed district courts to conduct a twopart analysis. 578 F.3d 203, 210 (3d Cir. 2009). First, the court must separate the factual
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elements from the legal conclusions. Id. The court “must accept all of the complaint’s wellpleaded facts as true, but may disregard any legal conclusions.” Id. at 210-11 (citing Iqbal, 556
U.S. at 678). Second, the court must determine if “the facts alleged in the complaint are
sufficient to show that the plaintiff has a ‘plausible claim for relief.’” Id. at 211 (quoting Iqbal,
566 U.S. at 679). “In other words, a complaint must do more than allege the plaintiff’s
entitlement to relief. A complaint has to ‘show’ such an entitlement with its facts.” Id. (citing
Phillips, 515 F.3d at 234-35).
III.
DISCUSSION
A. NJLAD
Under the NJLAD, a plaintiff terminated from employment must establish a prima facie
case of age discrimination by showing that: (1) plaintiff was in a protected group; (2) plaintiff
was performing his or her job at a level that met the employer’s legitimate expectations; (3)
plaintiff nevertheless was fired; and (4) the employer sought someone to perform the same work
after plaintiff was discharged. Fischer v. Allied Signal Corp., 974 F. Supp. 797, 805 (D.N.J
1997) (citation omitted); see also Monaco v. Am. Gen. Assur. Co., 359 F.3d 296, 301 (3d Cir.
2004). “In discrimination in employment cases, the Supreme Court has emphasized that a main
component of a prima facie case of discrimination is evidence adequate to create an inference
that an employment decision was based upon an illegal discrimination criterion . . . .” Fischer,
974 F. Supp. at 805 (citing Teamsters v. United States, 431 U.S. 324, 358 (1977)). Once the
plaintiff establishes a prima facie case of discrimination, the burden of production shifts to the
employer to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its actions. McDonnell Douglas
Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). If the employer satisfies that burden, the burden shifts back
to the plaintiff to produce evidence that shows that the employer’s proffered reason is pretextual.
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Zive v. Stanley Roberts Inc., 182 N.J. 436, 447 (2005); see also Fuentes v. Perskie, 32 F.3d 759,
763 (3d Cir.1994).
In the instant matter, a claim for wrongful termination under the NJLAD is not
sufficiently pled. In the Amended Complaint, Plaintiffs merely claim that their termination of
employment was based on their “age, seniority status with the company and race,” and that
others similarly situated, but not within a protected class, were not terminated. (Am. Compl. ¶¶
8-11, 19-23.) These allegations alone are insufficient to establish an inference of discrimination
under the NJLAD. Plaintiffs must provide more than bare conclusory allegations that the
Defendant terminated their employment based on age or race. See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555.
Additionally, Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint does not address the fourth element for wrongful
termination under the NJLAD, whether Defendant sought another individual to perform the same
work after Plaintiffs were discharged. In fact, Plaintiffs’ employment was terminated during
Defendant’s nationwide workforce reduction, and shortly thereafter the entire Facility was shut
down. 3 (Def.’s Br. 4.)
Thus, even accepting the factual allegations as true at this stage, Plaintiffs’ Amended
Complaint fails to state a claim for wrongful termination under the NJLAD, and is therefore
dismissed, without prejudice.
B. ERISA and Preemption
Plaintiffs concede that their claim for severance benefits is not governed by ERISA based
on a lump sum payment. (Pls.’ Opp. Br. 8.) As such, their claim under ERISA is dismissed with
prejudice.
3
Therefore, even if the Plaintiffs could establish other elements of a prima facie case of discrimination, Defendant
argues there is a legitimate nondiscriminatory reason for termination, and Plaintiffs have not provided any evidence
to suggest that younger employees or those of a different race were more favorably treated. See, e.g., Monaco v. Am.
Gen. Assur. Co., 359 F.3d 296 (3d Cir. 2004).
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Alternatively, Plaintiffs now contend that the severance benefits issue is part of the
damages they are seeking for wrongful termination under the NJLAD. (See id.) Defendant argues
that Plaintiffs’ claim for severance benefits is strictly under the CBA, and that the CBA is
preempted by § 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act (“LMRA”). (Def.’s Br. 10.)
Section 301 of the LMRA provides a federal cause of action against a party who breaches
a provision of a collective bargaining agreement. 29 U.S.C. § 185(a). “Courts in this circuit
readily dismiss claims as preempted under § 301 of the LMRA when those claims are premised
on state breach of contract and related claims.” Pickett v. Ocean-Monmouth Legal Servs., Inc.,
No. 11-6980, 2012 WL 254132, at *2 (D.N.J. Jan. 27, 2012); see also Pennsylvania Nurses
Ass’n v. Pennsylvania State Educ. Ass’n, 90 F.3d 797, 807 (3d Cir. 1996) (citing Allis-Chambers
Corp. v. Lueck, 471 U.S. 202, 220 (1985)). Section 301 preempts state law claims “that are
‘founded directly on rights created by [collective bargaining] agreements, and also claims
substantially dependent on analysis of a [collective bargaining] agreement.’” Manos v. United
Food & Commercial Workers Int’l Union, No. 13-504, 2014 WL 1295561, at *3 (D.N.J. Mar.
28, 2014) (quoting Lingle v. Norge Div. of Magic Chef, Inc., 486 U.S. 339, 410 n.10 (1988)). If a
court determines that a state law claim is preempted by § 301 of the LMRA, it may either treat
the claim as a LMRA claim or dismiss the claim as preempted. Id. at *5 (citing Allis-Chambers,
471 U.S. at 220).
Section 301 of the LMRA does not preempt wrongful termination claims under the
NJLAD. See, e.g., Lingle, 486 U.S. 399 (holding that the application of state law is preempted by
§ 301 if it would require the interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement); Coefield v.
Jersey Central Power & Light Co., 532 F. Supp. 2d 685 (D.N.J. 2007); Naples v. New Jersey
Sports & Exposition Auth., 102 F. Supp. 2d 550 (D.N.J. 2000). However, as discussed above,
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Plaintiffs failed to sufficiently plead a case under the NJLAD. Plaintiffs concede that their
ERISA claim is moot, 4 and this Court has determined that Plaintiffs failed to sufficiently plead a
case for discrimination under NJLAD. As such, a claim for severance benefits would require an
interpretation of the CBA, under a breach of contract claim, which would be preempted by § 301
of the LMRA. See Lingle, 486 U.S. 399; Manos, 2014 WL 1295561, at *4-5; Pickett, 2012 WL
254132, at *2; see also Allis, 471 U.S. at 220. Thus, Plaintiffs are not able to maintain the
remaining claims before this Court.
C. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss is GRANTED. Plaintiffs’
Amended Complaint will be dismissed with prejudice as to the ERISA claim and without
prejudice as to the remaining claims.
s/Susan D. Wigenton, U.S.D.J.
Orig:
cc:
Clerk
Parties
Magistrate Judge Mannion
4
Plaintiffs’ opposition brief is unclear as to whether the severance sought was under ERISA, NJLAD, and/or
generally for breach of the CBA. (See Pls.’ Opp. Br. 7-9.) Plaintiffs first concede that the ERISA claims are moot,
but continue to argue that the severance pay is covered by ERISA, and that this Court should deny the Defendant’s
Motion to Dismiss “because Plaintiffs’ damages pursuant to ERISA are based entirely on discriminatory conduct
and pursuit of administrative remedies would have been futile.” (Pls.’ Opp. Br. 8.) Nonetheless, Plaintiffs failed to
offer evidence indicating that the severance benefits were part of an employment benefit plan governed by ERISA.
Moreover, a single lump-sum payment, which the Plaintiffs’ here are claiming relief for, would not be considered an
ERISA plan. Angst v. Mack Trucks, Inc., 969 F.2d 1530, 1538 (3d Cir. 1992).
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