WINTHROP v. YATES et al
Filing
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OPINION. Signed by Judge Jose L. Linares on 3/2/16. (DD, )
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
Civil Action No. 16-836 (JLL)
PAUL WINTHROP,
Plaintiff,
v.
OPINION
SHERRY YATES, et al.,
Defendants.
LINARES, District Judge:
Currently before this Court is the complaint of Plaintiff, Paul Winthrop. (ECF No. 1).
Because Plaintiff has been granted informa pauperis in this matter (ECF No. 2), this Court is
required to screen the complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Pursuant to the statute,
this Court must dismiss Plaintiffs claims if they are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim for
relief, or seek damages from a defendant who is immune. For the reasons set forth below, this
Court will dismiss Plaintiffs complaint without prejudice for failure to state a claim.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Paul Winthrop is currently civilly committed to the Special Treatment Unit in
Avenel, New Jersey, under New Jersey's Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) Act, N.J. Stat. Ann.§
30:4-27.24 et seq. (ECF No. 1 at 1). Plaintiff, in his complaint, seeks to raise a conditions of
confinement claim alleging that the food that is served to him and his fellow civilly committed
detainees is of poor quality. (Id. at 1, 5-11 ). Plaintiff alleges in his complaint numerous facts
which he asserts supports the conclusion that the food served at the STU is inadequate.
Specifically, he alleges that the food served at the STU, which he refers to as "eatable food like
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substances," is prepared by convicted prisoners in state prison and transported to the STU in
large bags. (Id. at 6). Plaintiff alleges that the food that is served is not easily identifiable and is
colloquially referred to by he and his fellow detainees by names such as "taco bell, chicken
supreme, and alpo." (Id. at 6-7). Plaintiff further states that at least some of the food which
arrives at the STU arrives in a spoiled or malodorous state, and that the detainees in the STU are
sometimes served "green-molded bread." (Id. at 6). Plaintiff also alleges that the milk
containers in which milk is served are sometimes dirty on the outside, and occasionally the
cartons will leak, and that the milk is packaged and shipped from Jones Farm, a New Jersey
penal institution. (Id. at 7). Plaintiff also asserts that only 2% milk is served, and that he and his
fellow detainees are prohibited from buying their own whole milk. (Id.). Plaintiff additionally
states that the hot water used to keep the food warm during meals sometimes cools and that the
food therefore does not always stay warm throughout meals. (Id. at 7-8). Because of the
allegedly low quality of the food, Plaintiff alleges that much of it is thrown away, and he and his
fellow detainees often choose to spend their own money on outside food instead of consuming
the provided food. (Id. at 8). Plaintiff also alleges that much of the food that is served is
"processed" food which cannot rot and may not actually contain the meat it is supposed to
contain. (Id. at 8-9). Finally, Plaintiff asserts that the variety of food is not sufficient for his
liking, and that certain types of food, such as com or rice, are served quite frequently. (Id. at 9).
Plaintiff notes in his complaint that he has already raised his complaints in the State
courts through an administrative appeal, and that he has been denied relief in both the New
Jersey Supreme Court and Appellate Division. (Id. at 1-2). In addition, Plaintiff has attached to
his complaint several weeks' worth of menus for the STU, which appear to suggest that the bread
about which Plaintiff complains is not a center component of the food served to the SVPs, that
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food does vary from day to day, and that the SVPs do have some options as to what food and
drink
may consume. (Document 1 attached to ECF No. 1 at 1-8).
II. DISCUSSION
A. Legal Standard
the Prison Litigation Reform Act, Pub. L. No. 104-134, §§ 801-810, 110 Stat. 132166 to I
1-77 (April 26, 1996) ("PLRA"), district courts must review complaints in those civil
actions in which a prisoner is proceeding informa pauperis, see 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), or
seeks damages from a state employee, see 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. The PLRA directs district courts
to sua sponte dismiss any claim that is frivolous, is malicious, fails to state a claim upon which
relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such
relief. This action is subject to sua sponte screening for dismissal under 28 U.S.C. §§
l 915(e)(2)(B) because Plaintiff has been granted informa pauperis status.
According to the Supreme Court's decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, "a pleading that offers
'labels or conclusions' or 'a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not
do."'
(2007)).
U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555
survive sua sponte screening for failure to state a claim 1, the complaint must allege
"sufficient factual matter" to show that the claim is facially plausible. Fowler v. UPMS
Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203, 210 (3d Cir. 2009) (citation omitted). "A claim has facial plausibility
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"The legal standard for dismissing a complaint for failure to state a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ l 915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as that for dismissing a complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)." Schreane v. Seana, 506 F. App'x 120, 122 (3d Cir. 2012) (citing
Allah v. Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 223 (3d Cir. 2000)); Mitchell v. Beard, 492 F. App'x 230, 232
(3d Cir. 2012) (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1997e(c)(l)); Courteau v. United States, 287 F. App'x
159, 162 (3d Cir. 2008) (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)).
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when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference
that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Fair Wind Sailing, Inc. v. Dempster, 764
F.3d
308 n.3 (3d Cir. 2014) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678). Moreover, while prose
pleadings are liberally construed, ''prose litigants still must allege sufficient facts in their
complaints to support a claim." Mala v. Crown Bay Marina, Inc., 704 F.3d 239, 245 (3d Cir.
2013) (citation omitted) (emphasis added).
8. Analysis
Plaintiff attempts to raise claims pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for alleged violations of
his constitutional rights. "To establish a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must
demonstrate a violation of a right protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States that
was committed by a person acting under the color of state law." Nicini v. Morra, 212 F.3d 798,
806 (3d Cir. 2000); see also Woodyard v. Cnty. ofEssex, 514 F. App'x 177, 180 (3d Cir. 2013)
(section 1983 provides "private citizens with a means to redress violations of federal law
committed by state [actors]"). "The first step in evaluating a section 1983 claim is to 'identify
the exact contours of the underlying right said to have been violated' and to determine 'whether
the plaintiff has alleged a deprivation of a constitutional right at all.'" Nicini, 212 F.3d at 806
(quoting County of Sacramento v. Lewis, 523 U.S. 833, 841 n. 5 (1998)). This Court construes
Plaintiffs complaint as attempting to assert a conditions of confinement claim under the Due
Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment based on the quality of food served to him in the
Special Treatment Unit. 2
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To the extent that Plaintiff also tries to base this claim on an alleged failure to adhere to the
New Jersey statute requiring SVPs to be housed and managed separately from convicted
prisoners save for occasional incidental contact, Plaintiff claims only a violation of a state statute
which is insufficient to state a claim under§ 1983. See Nicini, 212 F.3d at 806 (§ 1983 only
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As Plaintiff is a civilly committed and not serving a prison sentence, his claim arises out
of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Mora v. Camden Cnty., No. 09-4183,
2010 WL 2560680, at *8 (D.N.J. June 21, 2010).
Under the Due Process Clause, ... officials must satisfy [nonconvict detainees'] "basic human needs-e.g., food, clothing, shelter,
medical care, and reasonable safety." Helling v. McKinney, 509
U.S. 25, 32 (1993). The Constitution requires "that [detainees] be
served 'nutritionally adequate food that is prepared and served under
conditions which do not present an immediate danger to the health
and well being of [those] who consume it' [and] under certain
circumstances a substantial deprivation of food may well be
recognized as being of constitutional dimension." Robles v.
Coughlin, 725 F .2d 12, 15 (2d Cir.1983) (quoting Ramos v. Lamm,
639 F.2d 559, 571 (10th Cir.1980)). "[A detainee's] diet must
provide adequate nutrition, but [] officials cannot be held liable
under the [constitutional standard] unless the [plaintiff] shows both
an objectively serious risk of harm and that the officials knew about
it and could have prevented it but did not." Mays v. Springborn,
575 F.3d 643, 648 (7th Cir.2009) (citation omitted). Objectively,
"[ w ]hether the deprivation of food falls below this [constitutional]
threshold depends on the amount and duration of the deprivation."
Berry v. Brady, 192 F.3d 504, 507 (5th Cir.1999) (quoting Talib v.
Gilley, 138 F.3d21 l,214n.3 (SthCir.1998)). As the Supreme Court
emphasized, ''the length of confinement cannot be ignored in
deciding whether the confinement meets constitutional standards. A
filthy, overcrowded cell and a diet of 'gruel' [providing 1000
calories a day] might be tolerable for a few days and intolerably
cruel for weeks or months." Hutto v. Finney, 437 U.S. 678, 686-87
(1978).
Mora, 2010 WL 2560680 at *8.
provides a cause of action for violations of Federal law or the United States Constitution). It is
not clear to what extent a private cause of action is available under the statute in question, N.J.
Stat. Ann. § 30:4-27.34(a), nor is it clear that having food provided to the STU by prison
kitchens in any way violates the statute in any event. See, e.g., Grohs v. Fratalone, No. 13-7870,
2015 WL 6122147, at *8 (D.N.J. Oct. 16, 2015) (suggesting that the statute does not suggest a
private cause of action and indeed implies the opposite). Thus, this Court will discuss only
Plaintiff's conditions of confinement claim.
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Here, Plaintiff fails to state a cognizable conditions of confinement claim as he has failed
to show that the food service in the STU presents an "objectively serious risk of harm" to
Plaintiff and his fellow SVPs. Most of Plaintiffs allegations regarding the food arise out of the
fact that the food served at the STU is of similar quality to prison food, that the food is prepared
by prisoners rather than outside companies, and is not of the same quality as might be had in
other forms of civil commitment. Such claims, however, do not rise to the level of a
constitutional violation as they in no way show that the food served to Plaintiff presents an
objectively serious risk of harm. Mora, 2010 WL 2560680 at *8-9. Likewise, although Plaintiff
alleges that some of the containers that arrive in the STU are dirt on the outside or with less than
a full amount of milk fails to show that the milk itself presents any such serious risk. Plaintiff's
claims that some food arrives in a foul smelling or rotting state also fails to state a claim because
Plaintiff has not alleged that this spoiled food is then served to the SVPs without a reasonable
alternative, and indeed it is entirely possible under the facts pled that the spoiled food is thrown
away.
The closest Plaintiff comes to stating a cognizable constitutional claim is in his assertion
that SVPs are sometimes served moldy bread. Were this moldy bread served with great
frequency, without some alternative option, and as a central feature of the food provided to the
SVPs, a conditions of confinement claim may be possible. Plaintiff, however, has pled no such
facts, simply asserting that moldy bread is sometimes provided. Without any facts as to how
frequently this occurs, what other options are provided, and for how long SVPs are "forced" to
eat such food, this Court cannot find that Plaintiff has stated a cognizable constitutional claim.
Indeed, Plaintiff himself attaches to his complaint a series of menus which strongly suggest that
bread, be it moldy or otherwise, is at best a relatively minor portion of the diet of the SVPs, and
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that other options are available. (Document 1 attached to ECF No. 1). Thus, Plaintiff's moldy
bread claim appears to be insufficient to support a § 1983 conditions of confinement claim.
Ultimately, what Plaintiff asserts in his complaint is that he is unhappy with the food that
he is being served at the STU, and therefore has to pay for alternative food. While it is
understandable that an individual may not wish to consume processed or institutionalized food,
the lack of palatable options is not sufficient to state a cognizable claim under the Due Process
Clause. Mora, 2010 WL 2560680 at *8-9. As a conditions of confinement claim based on food
service requires that a Plaintiff plead facts which would show that the food served presents an
objectively serious risk of harm and that the officials responsible knew of that risk and were
deliberately indifferent to it, and because Plaintiff has failed to show any such objectively serious
risk regardless of his dislike of the food he is provided, Plaintiff's complaint fails to state a claim
for which relief may be granted. Id. This Court will therefore dismiss Plaintiff's complaint
without prejudice at this time. 3 Because the complaint is being dismissed in its entirety,
however, Plaintiff shall be provided with leave to file an amended complaint addressing the
deficiencies in his current complaint within thirty days.
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, this Court will dismiss Plaintiff's complaint without
prejudice for failure to state a claim. An appropriate order follows.
Jose L. Linares,
ted States District Judge
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To the extent that Plaintiff's complaint may have been intended to also raise state law claims,
this Court declines to extend supplemental jurisdiction over any such claims as all claims over
which this Court has original jurisdiction are being dismissed. See 28 U .S.C. § 1367(c)(3).
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