RICHMOND v. NINGBO HANGSHUN ELECTRICAL CO., LTD. et al
Filing
122
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Mary L. Cooper on 7/3/2014. (gxh)
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1944 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
LUMISOL ELECTRICAL LTD., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1949 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
QUANZHOU BRIGHT SOLAR ENERGY
CO. LTD, et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
Plaintiff,
v.
DAINTILY LLC, et al.,
Defendants.
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1950 (MLC)
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1951 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
WINCHANCE SOLAR FUJIAN
TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1952 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
JIAWEI NORTH AMERICA INC., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1953 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
JIAWEI NORTH AMERICA INC., et al.,
Defendants.
2
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1954 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
WINCHANCE SOLAR FUJIAN
TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1957 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
CHIEN LUEN INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.,
INC., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1958 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
ATICO INTERNATIONAL (ASIA) LTD., et
al.,
Defendants.
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SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1959 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
WINCHANCE SOLAR FUJIAN
TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-1960 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
SMART SOLAR INC., et al.,
Defendants.
SIMON NICHOLAS RICHMOND,
CIVIL ACTION NO. 13-2916 (MLC)
Plaintiff,
v.
WALGREEN CO.,
Defendant.
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MEMORANDUM OPINION
COOPER, District Judge
The facts and procedural history pertinent to this memorandum opinion are contained
in the Court’s opinion dated April 30, 2014. (See dkt. entry no. 105, 4-30-14 Op.) 1 On that
date, this Court ordered the parties to show cause “why, in all twelve actions, each action
should not be severed into separate actions for each defendant.” (Dkt. entry no. 106, 4-30-14
Order to Show Cause at 4.)
Plaintiff, Simon Nicholas Richmond (“Plaintiff”), responded to the Court’s Order to
Show Cause (“OTSC”) that, “[w]ith a few exceptions, including where Defendants are known
or alleged to be the parent, subsidiary, or a pseudonym of another named Defendant(s) in a
group, Plaintiff does not contest the severance of Defendants into separate lawsuits.” (Dkt.
entry no. 111, Pl.’s Response to OTSC at 1.) Plaintiff obtained stipulations from several of
the defendants in some of the twelve lawsuits in which certain groups of defendants consented
to being joined in one action. (See id. at 5-7.) These defendants consenting to joinder often
had similar names, were represented by the same attorneys, and were related in some way,
generally by a parent-subsidiary relationship or common ownership. (See id. at 5-7; id. at Ex.
B; dkt. entry no. 111-4, Shiells Decl. at Ex. 4.) Several groups of defendants refused to
stipulate to joinder. (See Pl.’s Response to OTSC at 8-25.) Plaintiff argues that the Court
should join certain groups of defendants despite the refusal of consent where defendants have
a parent-subsidiary relationship or where defendants are alter egos of one another. (See id. at
1
Citations to the docket are for Civil Action No. 13-1944 unless otherwise stated.
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8-25.) A few of the defendants also responded to the OTSC, some supporting the methods of
severance as articulated by Plaintiff and some supporting further severance of defendants into
separate actions for each defendant. (See dkt. entry nos. 114-18.)
Plaintiff presented special arguments with regard to Civil Action No. 13-1959,
Plaintiff’s case involving his so-called “utility patents.” (Pl.’s Response to OTSC at 25-27.)
According to Plaintiff, a holder of a utility patent may, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 289, recover
profits “of not only the manufacturer or producer of an infringing article, but also the profits
of other sellers in the chain of distribution.” (Id. at 26 (quoting Bergstrom v. Sears, Roebuck
& Co., 496 F.Supp. 476, 495 (D. Minn. 1980)).) Plaintiff argues that, because he may
recover profits from everyone in the chain of commerce for the utility patents, “it is essential
that each of the ‘other sellers in the chain’ remain joined in the case, so that each can answer
in damages for their own profits.” (Id. at 27.) Defendant Coleman Cable, LLC (as successor
in interest to Coleman Cable, Inc.) (“Coleman”) objected to this line of argument. (Dkt. entry
no. 115, Coleman Reply at 3-4.) Coleman explains that indemnity agreements are still at play
in Civil Action No. 13-1959, and, as such, severance is still warranted. (Id. at 4.) Coleman,
an upstream defendant which has indemnity agreements with several of the downstream
retailer defendants, argues that “[i]n the event that Coleman were ever to be found liable for
infringement of the design patent, Richmond would then be entitled to get the discovery on
profits from the indemnified retailers, and such profits would still be paid by Coleman under
its documented indemnity obligations.” (Id.)
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The Court, having reviewed the parties’ responses to the OTSC, is persuaded that the
interests of judicial economy will be best served if the claims of all Defendants in all twelve
cases are severed from one another. The Court’s April 30, 2014 Opinion expressed two
concerns underlying its suggestion for total severance: (1) that competitor defendants not be
joined in the same action in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 299; and (2) that the claims against the
downstream retailer defendants should be stayed pending resolution of the claims against the
upstream defendants. (See 4-30-14 Op. at 19-20.) The latter concern is based on the
“peripheral nature” of the claims against the downstream retailer defendants and on the fact
that “some of defendants have agreed to indemnify other defendants, particularly those
downstream in the stream of commerce.” (Id. at 13-14, 19-20.) The Court also agrees with
Coleman’s reasoning that issues relating to indemnity agreements are still at play in Civil
Action No. 13-1959, and thus, the fact that Plaintiff argues that he may obtain damages at all
levels in the stream of commerce does not alter the conclusion that the indemnifying upstream
defendant is the “real party in interest.” (Id. at 19-20.)
The fact that some defendants that Plaintiff seeks to join in one lawsuit are not
competitors and that some defendants have consented to joinder does not convince the Court
to permit such joinder. While the joinder of non-competitor defendants is not barred by 35
U.S.C. § 299 where the Defendants operate in the same stream of commerce at different
levels and thus are part of the same transaction or occurrence (see 4-30-14 Op. at 18-20),
“joinder still may be refused in the interest of avoiding prejudice and delay, ensuring judicial
economy, or safeguarding principles of fundamental fairness.” In re Nintendo Co, 544
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Fed.Appx. 934, 939 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The
Court has discretion, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 21, to “add or drop
a party” or “sever any claim against a party.” The Court believes that it is appropriate to
exercise its discretion to sever in these circumstances, even where joinder is not technically
barred by 35 U.S.C. § 299. Plaintiff, by filing claims against over eighty defendants in twelve
lawsuits (see 4-30-14 Op. at 7), has placed an undue burden on the judiciary and the Clerk of
the Court by seeking relief under only twelve docket numbers and paying only twelve filing
fees.
Plaintiff has argued that other, non-competitor defendants who have not consented
should be joined based on their parent-subsidiary relationship or because they are alter egos of
one another. But the existence of a parent-subsidiary relationship does not mean that the
parties are one and the same. (See Coleman Reply at 9 (“[W]hen a subsidiary makes a sale, it
is not, as a matter of law, the same transaction, as when another party, be it a subsidiary,
parent, or other related entity, makes a sale.”).) Parent-subsidiary or alter-ego relationships
also do not indicate whether the related parties operate at that same level of commerce, nor do
they alleviate concerns relating to indemnity agreements. For example, in one of the
stipulations, the “HSN retailer defendants” agreed to be grouped together with certain vendor
defendants who “are defending and indemnifying each of the [HSN retailer defendants] in the
present action, as they are the manufacturer, vendor, and/or supplier of the Accused Products
to the [HSN retailer defendants], and importer of the Accused Products into the United
States.” (Shiells Decl., Ex. 4, HSN Stip. at 2.) Plaintiff also states in his brief that several
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defendants alleged to be alter egos of one another that “[r]ather than competing with one and
other, these Defendants share or split between them the tasks of manufacturing, shipping,
importing, selling or offering to sell the accused infringing products.” (Pl.’s Response to
OTSC at 18-19.) While these related parties may be grouped together for case management
purposes, the likelihood that some of these related parties will have the claims against them
stayed as the claims against their relatives proceed counsels against maintaining them in one
lawsuit.
The Court, for these reasons, will exercise its prerogative under Rule 21 to sever all
claims against all defendants in all twelve actions. Following severance, the parties are
directed to consult with the Magistrate Judge to group the lawsuits into different categories
based on the alleged relationships between the parties and the level of commerce at which
each defendant operates and then stay the actions against the downstream retailer defendants
subject to indemnification from upstream defendants. The Court defers to the judgment of the
Magistrate Judge in the first instance on how this is best accomplished.
The Court will order Plaintiff to file amended complaints against each defendant in
each separate action. The Court encourages Plaintiff to revise his complaints, as they will be
subject to, inter alia, motions to dismiss. In particular, Plaintiff is directed to the requirements
of Form 18 and Rule 8(a)(2) and to alter-ego pleading principles. (See dkt. entry no. 100, 410-14 Op.)2 Given the number of defendants and patents and products at issue, the need for
The Court’s April 10, 2014 Order dismissed the complaint in Civil Action No. 13-1944 only.
However, the issues noted by the Court with respect to the No. 13-1944 complaint appear to have
infected complaints in the other cases brought by Plaintiff. (See, e.g., Coleman Reply at 6-7.)
2
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clear pleadings cannot be emphasized enough. (See, e.g., dkt. entry no. 118, Lumisol
Electrical Ltd. et al. Reply at 5 (“In his proposed Second Amended Complaint, Richmond
pleads 44 counts against 9 defendants asserting 4 patents in an unintelligible mess. Separate
complaints would not only facilitate the determination of which cases should be stayed, but
would provide clarity as to the causes of action against each of the [defendants].”).) The
amended complaints should be tailored to the alleged wrongdoing of each individual
defendant. Moreover, Plaintiff may correct the issues associated with the alleged incorrect
naming of certain defendants in his amended complaints. (See, e.g., Pl.’s Response to OTSC
at 8 n.12; dkt. entry no. 117, Dentons’ Defs.’ Reply at 3 & n.3.)
When severing defendants, the Court is mindful of the difficulties faced by Plaintiff
relating to “[s]ervice under the Hague Convention in China.” (Pl.’s Response to OTSC at 2829.) To alleviate these concerns, the Court will adopt the Plaintiff’s suggestions as to which
defendant should be kept in the particular case’s civil action number. (Id. at Ex. C.) For these
“First Retained Defendants,” Plaintiff will not be required to issue service of process, but he
will be required to serve these defendants with amended complaints as previously described.
With respect to new actions brought by Plaintiff against defendants who were previously
served with process under the prior civil action number, Plaintiff may, when filing his new
complaints, submit an application to the Court seeking an order deeming the service of
process in the original action to be service of process, nunc pro tunc, under the new civil
action number. The Court would be inclined to grant such a request. Plaintiff would still be
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required to serve the new complaint in these new civil actions as if the new complaint were an
amended complaint.
For these reasons, the Court will sever all claims against all defendants in all twelve
actions. The Court will issue an appropriate order.3
s/ Mary L. Cooper
.
MARY L. COOPER
United States District Judge
Dated: July 3, 2014
3
The parties have raised a variety of case management issues in their responses to the OTSC.
(See, e.g., dkt. entry no. 114, Pine Top Reply at 3 (“Pine Top would respectfully request that the Court
order both Pine Top and Richmond . . . to appear in person for a day of mediation before an
appropriate Magistrate Judge of this District.”); Dentons’ Defs.’ Reply at 3 (“Dentons reiterates its
request to withdraw” from representing Winchance Solar Fujian Technology Co. Ltd.).) The parties
may raise such issues with the Magistrate Judge once the amended pleadings are filed in accordance
with this memorandum opinion and accompanying order.
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