SCOCOZZA v. STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Filing
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MEMORANDUM OPINION filed. Signed by Judge Michael A. Shipp on 11/25/2014. (eaj)
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
LORRAINE SCOCOZZA,
Plaintiff,
Civil Action No. 14-2095 (MAS) (DEA)
v.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Defendant.
SHIPP, District Judge
Plaintiff Lorraine Scocozza brings this employment discrimination suit against the State of
New Jersey for alleged discrimination on the basis of gender in connection with the decision to
not hire Plaintiff for a position with the New Jersey Department of Treasury, State Lottery
Division. Plaintiff asserts two claims: (1) violation of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2, and (2)
violation of the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination (“LAD”), N.J.S.A. 10:5-12. Defendant
State of New Jersey (the “State”) has moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim,
pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), or, alternatively, for summary judgment,
should the Court ground its decision on materials outside of the pleadings. The Court has carefully
considered the parties’ submissions and decided the matter without oral argument pursuant to
Local Civil Rule 78.1. For the reasons set forth below, and other good cause shown, Defendant’s
motion is granted in part and denied in part.
I.
Background
This matter arises out of the application of Plaintiff Lorraine Scocozza for a position with
the Division of the State Lottery (“Lottery Division”), which falls under the New Jersey
Department of the Treasury. Plaintiff, previously an employee of the New Jersey Department of
Labor and Department of Health, was certified for the position of Senior Account Adjuster on
January 20, 1994, and again on October 14, 1994. (Notice of Removal, Ex. A, Compl. ¶¶ 4, 6, 9,
ECF No. 1-1.) Plaintiff interviewed for the position on November 5, 1994, and received positive
feedback. (Id. ¶¶ 10-11, 13.) In December 1994, Plaintiff was given an offer of employment,
which she accepted, and received a start date. (Id. ¶¶ 17-18.) Later, that month, Plaintiff was
informed that there were problems with her application and that another interview would be
necessary. (Id. ¶¶ 20, 25.) During a conversation with her contact at the Lottery Division, Plaintiff
was informed that “the high ups at the Lottery had a big problem with a blonde woman like you
going into Newark.” (Id. ¶ 24.) The following month, on January 2, 1995, just prior to her
scheduled second interview, Plaintiff was informed that the interview was cancelled and the
position was not going to be filled. (Id. ¶ 27.)
Within weeks, Plaintiff filed a claim of discrimination with the New Jersey Department of
Law and Public Safety, Division of Civil Rights (the “DCR”). Specifically, Plaintiff filed a Charge
of Discrimination with the DCR on January 19, 1995. (Weintraub Cert., Ex. A., ECF No. 9-1
(“DCR Charge”).) The DCR Charge indicated that it was to be filed with both the DCR and Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”). (Id.) The EEOC confirmed receipt of the DCR
Charge on April 10, 1995. (Weintraub Cert., Ex. B, ECF No. 9-2.) Over the course of several
years, the DCR conducted an investigation, and on February 5, 1998, found probable cause that
Plaintiff was discriminated against on the basis of sex. (Compl. ¶ 40.) On March 8, 2001, the
Director of the DCR issued a decision, finding that the Department of Treasury committed a
violation of the LAD and awarded damages. (Compl. ¶ 42; Weintraub Cert., Ex. C, ECF No. 93.)
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Plaintiff did not hear from the EEOC until December 2008. The EEOC, by correspondence
dated December 18, 2008, advised Plaintiff that it determined that there was a violation of Title
VII and that it would commence efforts towards conciliation. (Compl. ¶ 43; Weintraub Cert., Ex.
E, ECF No. 9-5.) However, efforts towards conciliation were unsuccessful. (Compl. ¶ 43.)
Ultimately, Plaintiff received a Notice of Right To Sue from the EEOC on November 8, 2013
(“Right To Sue Letter”). (Id.; Compl., Ex. A.)
Plaintiff filed suit in the Superior Court of New Jersey in Monmouth County on February
7, 2014. On April 3, 2014, Defendant removed the case to this Court. (Notice of Removal, ECF
No. 1.)
II.
Standard of Review
When considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, a district court conducts
a three-part analysis. Malleus v. George, 641 F.3d 560, 563 (3d Cir. 2011). “First, the court must
‘tak[e] note of the elements a plaintiff must plead to state a claim.’” Id. (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 675 (2009)). Second, the court “must accept all of the complaint’s well-pleaded
facts as true, but may disregard any legal conclusions.” Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d
203, 210-11 (3d Cir. 2009). Last, once the well-pleaded facts have been identified and the
conclusory allegations disregarded, a court must determine whether the “facts alleged in the
complaint are sufficient to show the plaintiff has a ‘plausible claim for relief.’” Id. at 211 (quoting
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679). A complaint must contain sufficient facts to “put the defendant on notice
of the nature of the plaintiff’s claim.” In re Ins. Brokerage Antitrust Litig., 618 F.3d 300, 320 n.18
(3d Cir. 2010) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 565 n.10 (2007)). “This ‘does not
impose a probability requirement at the pleading stage,’ but instead ‘simply calls for enough facts
to raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence of’ the necessary element.”
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Phillips v. Cnty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 234 (3d Cir. 2008) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at
556). It is a defendant’s burden to show that no claim has been presented. Hedges v. United States,
404 F.3d 744, 750 (3d Cir. 2005).
In deciding a 12(b)(6) motion, the Court may consider matters outside the pleadings
without converting the motion to a summary judgment motion. A court, however, may only
“consider certain narrowly defined types of material without converting.” In re Rockefeller Ctr.
Props., Inc. Sec. Litig., 184 F.3d 280, 287 (3d Cir. 1999). That is, a “document integral to or
explicitly relied upon in the complaint may be considered.” In re Burlington Coat Factory Sec.
Litig., 114 F.3d 1410, 1426 (3d Cir. 1997) (internal quotation omitted). This includes any “exhibits
attached to the complaint and matters of public record,” as well as any “undisputedly authentic
document that a defendant attaches as an exhibit to a motion to dismiss if the plaintiff's claims are
based on the document.” Pension Benefit Guar. Corp. v. White Consol. Indus., Inc., 998 F.2d
1192, 1196 (3d Cir. 1993). In the context of employment discrimination suits, courts have
considered, without converting, DCR orders and investigations, Chugh v. W. Inventory Servs., Inc.,
333 F. Supp. 2d 285, 289 (D.N.J. 2004), as well as right-to-sue letters and EEOC charges, Hilburn
v. Dep’t of Corr., No. 07-6064, 2010 WL 703202, at *12 (D.N.J. Feb. 23, 2010). Accordingly,
the Court will consider similar materials, integral to Plaintiff’s Complaint, without converting the
motion to one for summary judgment, as is within its discretion. See Chugh, 333 F. Supp. 2d at
289.
III.
Analysis
A. Law Against Discrimination
The State moves to dismiss Plaintiff’s LAD claim on the basis that the claim has already
been adjudicated by the DCR. The State asserts that, because Plaintiff already pursued and
obtained a remedy before the DCR, the LAD’s election of remedies provision bars this Court’s
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adjudication of a claim based on the same set of facts. Indeed, the LAD includes an election of
remedies provision. N.J.S.A. 10:5-27 (“[T]he procedure herein provided shall, while pending, be
exclusive; and the final determination therein shall exclude any other action, civil or criminal,
based on the same grievance of the individual concerned.”) “The election of remedies provision
‘basically seeks to prevent parties from having a second bite of the apple by pursuing the
alternative route to relief . . . . It seeks to prevent duplication of efforts and forum shopping.’”
Chugh v. W. Inventory Servs., Inc., 333 F. Supp. 2d 285, 290 (D.N.J. 2004) (quoting Wilson v.
Wal-Mart Stores, 158 N.J. 263, 271 (1999)).
Where a plaintiff has already received relief from the DCR, that individual is barred from
bringing the same claim in another forum. “[W]ith the exception of appellate review, an individual
who has received a final determination by the DCR will be barred . . . from bringing any other
action, in any forum, based on the same injury.” Id. (citations omitted). The sole avenue of appeal
of a DCR determination is to the Appellate Division of New Jersey’s Superior Court. Pittman v.
La Fontaine, 756 F. Supp. 834, 842 (D.N.J. 1991) (citing N.J.S.A. 10:5-27). Therefore, where a
plaintiff in a DCR proceeding has not appealed the result, the DCR’s determination is final, and
the plaintiff is barred from pursuing additional relief founded on the same claim.
Here, Plaintiff opted to pursue relief before the DCR on her LAD claim. Ultimately, the
DCR decided in favor of Plaintiff. (Compl. ¶¶ 41-42.) Regardless of the outcome, Plaintiff is
barred from bringing the same claim before this Court. Plaintiff asserts that she “filed an appeal
[of the DCR determination with] the EEOC under the Weight of the Evidence Rule,” the EEOC
rejected the DCR’s findings, and thus there was no final determination of Plaintiff’s claim.
(Compl. ¶ 36; Pl.’s Opp. Br. 6, ECF No. 8.) However, the EEOC’s review of state agency
investigations and proceedings, or deferral or FEP agency proceedings, see 29 C.F.R. §1601.70,
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is for the purposes of determining whether it should adopt those findings as part of the EEOC’s
own factual investigation, and not for the purpose of overturning an FEP agency determination.
See 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(b) (“In determining whether reasonable cause exists, the [EEOC] shall
accord substantial weight to final findings and orders made by State or local authorities in
proceedings commenced under State or local law pursuant to the [deferral provisions of Title
VII].”) As a result, Plaintiff’s request to the EEOC is of no consequence to the finality of the
DCR’s final decision on her LAD claim. Accordingly, that claim is barred and dismissed with
prejudice. 1
B. Title VII
Defendant also seeks dismissal of Plaintiff’s Title VII claim, for failure to exhaust
administrative remedies. Specifically, the State asserts that Plaintiff’s Title VII claim should be
dismissed because (1) Plaintiff failed to attach the related EEOC charge, thus preventing the Court
from determining whether the charge was timely filed or whether it contemplates the asserted
claim, and (2) the EEOC Right to Sue Letter only authorized suit against the Department of
Treasury and not the State.
(Def.’s Moving Br. 11-13.)
A plaintiff’s failure to exhaust
administrative remedies is a prudential requirement, rather than a jurisdictional one. Anjelino v.
N.Y. Times Co., 200 F.3d 73, 87 (3d Cir. 1999) (holding that district court erred “in considering
the [defendant’s] failure to exhaust and timeliness defenses as grounds for dismissal under Rule
12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction”); see also Wilson v. MVM, Inc., 475 F.3d 166, 175
(3d Cir. 2007). “In Title VII actions, failure to exhaust administrative remedies is an affirmative
defense in the nature of statute of limitations.” Williams v. Runyon, 130 F.3d 568, 573 (3d Cir.
1997). As a result, Defendant bears the burden of establishing the defense. Id.
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The State also moves for dismissal on the basis that Plaintiff’s LAD claim is untimely. Because
the Court has granted dismissal on election of remedy grounds, it need not reach this issue.
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Prior to filing a Title VII suit, a plaintiff must timely file a charge with the EEOC that
contemplates the claims of discrimination to be asserted. A prospective Title VII plaintiff in a
deferral state like New Jersey has 300 days to file a charge with the EEOC. Cortes v. Univ. of
Med. & Dentistry of N.J., 391 F. Supp. 2d 298, 310 (D.N.J. 2005) (citing 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(e)(1)).
“The Supreme Court has held that the charge-filing period begins to run on a claim of unlawful
discrimination when the employer establishes its official position and communicates that position
by giving notice to the affected employee.” Bailey v. United Airlines, 279 F.3d 194, 199 (3d Cir.
2002) (citing Del. State Coll. v. Ricks, 449 U.S. 250, 258-59 (1980)). In addition, a Title VII
plaintiff may only sue for discrimination that falls within “the scope of the EEOC investigation
which can reasonably be expected to grow out of the charge.” See Ostapowicz v. Johnson Bronze
Co., 541 F.2d 394, 398-99 (3d Cir. 1976). Thus, the charge filed with the EEOC must contemplate
claims brought under Title VII. See id. In addition, a private plaintiff cannot bring suit prior to
the EEOC’s issuance of a right-to-sue letter. “The receipt of the right-to-sue letter indicates that a
complainant has exhausted administrative remedies, an essential element for bringing a claim in
court under Title VII.” Burgh v. Borough Council of Borough of Montrose, 251 F.3d 465, 470 (3d
Cir. 2001).
The Plaintiff’s failure to attach the charge filed with the EEOC is not fatal, as the
allegations of the Complaint and other essential documents show that Plaintiff’s charge was timely
filed and contemplates her claim for sex discrimination. Plaintiff alleges: “[a]s required by Title
VII, plaintiff has exhausted her administrative remedies” by “fil[ing] an administrative Complaint
with the [EEOC]” and has received a right-to-sue letter. (Compl. ¶ 2.) Generalized allegations in
support of conditions precedent to the maintenance of Title VII claims, such as exhaustion of
administrative remedies, are sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss. See Hildebrand v. Allegheny
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Cnty., 757 F.3d 99, 111 (3d Cir. 2014) (holding that Iqbal and Twombly pleading standards are
inapplicable to conditions precedent) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(c)). Moreover, Plaintiff has
provided to the Court the DCR Charge (Weintraub Cert., Ex. A), which the EEOC accepted and
confirmed receipt of April 10, 1995, and attached the EEOC Right to Sue Letter to her Complaint
(Compl., Ex. A). EEOC regulations anticipate that charges filed with deferral agencies can be
used as a charge with the EEOC, upon satisfaction of certain conditions. 29 C.F.R. § 1601.13
(“When a charge is initially presented to a FEP agency and the charging party requests that the
charge be presented to the Commission, the charge will be deemed to be filed with the Commission
. . . .”)
In terms of the timeliness of the EEOC charge, Plaintiff was told on January 2, 1995, the
position at the Lottery Division would not be filled. (Compl. ¶ 27.) As a result, Plaintiff’s DCR
Charge, simultaneously filed with the EEOC, on January 19, 1995, 2 was timely. In addition, the
DCR Charge’s narrative specifically states that Plaintiff alleges unlawful sex discrimination in
connection with her denial of a position with the Lottery Division. (Weintraub Cert., Ex. A.)
Accordingly, Defendant has not carried its burden of showing that the charge was untimely or did
not encompass Plaintiff’s Title VII claim.
The State’s argument that Plaintiff’s right-to-sue letter does not contemplate the State as a
defendant similarly fails. “A Title VII action ordinarily may be brought only against a party
previously named in an EEOC action . . . . Nevertheless, this court recognizes an exception when
the unnamed party received notice and when there is a shared commonality of interest with the
named party.” Schafer v. Bd. of Pub. Educ. of the Sch. Dist. of Pitt., Pa., 903 F.2d 243, 251-52
(3d Cir. 1990) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1); Glus v. G.C. Murphy Co., 629 F.2d 248, 251 (3d
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Even if the date of the EEOC’s letter to Plaintiff confirming receipt of the DCR Charge (April
10, 1995) is used as the operative date, Plaintiff was still well within the 300 day statute of
limitations.
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Cir. 1980)). Indeed, courts have previously allowed Title VII cases to proceed against related
governmental entities not named in EEOC charges or right-to-sue letters. See Brown v. City of
New York, 869 F. Supp. 158, 171 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) (refusing to dismiss claim against parks
department even though only city and other agencies were named in EEOC charge); Shannon v.
Village of Broadview, 682 F. Supp. 391, 393 (N.D. Ill. 1988) (allowing claim against municipality
where only board of fire and police commissioners were named in EEOC charge). Here, there is
an obvious shared commonality of interest between the State and the Department of Treasury, a
state agency and executive department, and the State had notice of Plaintiff’s claim. The Office
of the Attorney General of New Jersey has defended all claims filed by Plaintiff, including the
DCR action, and thus were in receipt of the DCR Charge. (Def.’s Moving Br., Heyer Decl., Ex.
A, ECF No. 3-3.) Indeed, the State, through the Department of Treasury, paid Plaintiff’s damages
in the DCR action. (Def.’s Reply Br., Heyer Decl., Ex. D, ECF No. 11-1.)
IV.
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, and for other good cause shown, it is hereby ordered that
the State’s motion to dismiss is GRANTED with respect to Plaintiff’s LAD claim and DENIED
with respect to Plaintiff’s Title VII claim.
_s/ Michael A. Shipp ___________
Michael A. Shipp
United States District Judge
Dated: November 25th, 2014
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