Dibble et al v. Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
Filing
24
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER ADOPTING REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS by District Judge James O. Browning. (dmw)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO
PHILLIP W. DIBBLE and PATTY JO DIBBLE,
Plaintiff,
vs.
No. CIV 15-1167 JB/KBM
WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER ADOPTING THE
CHIEF MAGISTRATE JUDGE’S PROPOSED FINDINGS AND
RECOMMENDED DISPOSITION
THIS MATTER comes before the Court on: (i) the Chief Magistrate Judge’s Proposed
Findings and Recommended Disposition on Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, filed on August 29,
2016 (Doc. 19)(“PFRD on Motion to Dismiss”); and (ii) the Plaintiff’s Objection to the Proposed
Findings and Recommended Disposition on Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, filed August 29,
2016 (Doc. 20)(“Objections”). On December 28, 2016, the Court referred the case, pursuant to
28 U.S.C. § 636(b), to the Honorable Karen B. Molzen, Chief Magistrate Judge for the United
States District Court for the District of New Mexico, for a report and recommendation. She
issued the PFRD on Motion to Dismiss on December 19, 2016, recommending that the Court
dismiss the Plaintiffs’ claims for declaratory and injunctive relief for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction and that the Court dismiss their claims for damages under the Truth-in-Lending Act,
15 U.S.C. 1601-1667f (“TILA”), with prejudice for failure to state a claim.
Plaintiffs Phillip W. Dibble and Patty Jo Dibble filed a Complaint for Declaratory
Judgment and for Restitution, on December 28, 2015. See Complaint for Declaratory Judgment
and for Restitution, filed December 28, 2015 (Doc. 1)(“Complaint”). Therein, the Dibbles seek a
“declaratory judgment that [their] Mortgage . . . is terminated, released, void, and invalid.”
Complaint ¶ 21, at 4. Additionally, they request “an emergency stay of all actions made or to be
made by the Thirteenth Judicial District Court . . . in case no. D-1314-CV-2011-1059.”
Complaint ¶ 27, at 5. The referenced state court action is a foreclosure action that Defendant
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, filed in 2011 against the Dibbles in state district court.
Just as Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen took judicial notice of the Thirteenth Judicial District
Court, County of Valencia, State of New Mexico’s records in the underlying foreclosure action
in her PFRD on Motion to Dismiss, the Court does the same on de novo review. See St. Louis
Baptist Temple, Inc. v. Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp., 605 F.2d 1169, 1172 (10th Cir. 1979)(reasoning
that federal courts may take notice of proceedings in other courts when they have a direct
relation to the matters before the court).
Considering the Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, filed February 1, 2016 (Doc. 11), and
the Plaintiffs’ Motion to Strike Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, filed February 11, 2016 (Doc.
13), which she construed as a response to the Motion to Dismiss, Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen
concluded, first, that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine1 applies to certain of the Dibbles’ claims,
because the determination they seek -- that is, that their mortgage is terminated or void after
TILA rescission -- would necessarily disturb the state-court judgment of foreclosure. See PFRD
on Motion to Dismiss at 8. Accordingly, she recommended dismissal of the Dibbles’ claims for
declaratory judgment and for a stay of the state courts’ actions for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction. See PFRD on Motion to Dismiss at 9.
1
The Rooker-Feldman doctrine derives from two Supreme Court of the United States of
America cases, Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), and District of Columbia
Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983). The United States Court of Appeals for the
Tenth Circuit has held that the “Rooker-Feldman doctrine prohibits federal suits that amount to
appeals of state-court judgments.” Bolden v. City of Topeka, Kan., 441 F.3d 1129, 1142-43
(10th Cir. 2006).
-2-
Second, with respect to the Dibbles’ claim for damages, Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen
concluded that, even viewing the Complaint’s allegations in the light most favorable to the
Dibbles, they were never entitled to a TILA right of rescission and that they therefore fail to state
a plausible claim for damages under 15 U.S.C. § 1640(a). See PFRD on Motion to Dismiss at 910. Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen noted that 15 U.S.C. § 1635(e) exempts residential mortgage
transactions from the right of rescission when the mortgage is obtained to acquire the property,
see 15 U.S.C. §§1635(e) and 1602(x), and explained that the Dibbles have made no allegation
that their mortgage was obtained for some reason other than to acquire the property, see PFRD
on Motion to Dismiss at 10. Further, she explained that a § 1635(a) right of rescission expires
after three years and, thus, any right to rescission expired well before the Dibbles tried to
exercise such a right. See PFRD on Motion to Dismiss at 10 (explaining that the Dibbles’
mortgage was dated July 6, 2007, but that their notice of rescission was sent on September 22,
2015, more than eight years later).
The Dibbles do not directly address Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen’s application of the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine to certain of their claims. In her PFRD on the Dibbles’ motion for a
temporary restraining order, Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen recommended that the Court not
grant the TRO because of the Younger2 abstention doctrine and the Rooker-Feldman doctrine.
When the Court looked at the motion for the TRO, it saw continuing state activity, and thought
2
Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). For “Younger” abstention to be appropriate, the
Tenth Circuit has ruled that three elements must be present: (i) interference with an ongoing state
judicial proceeding; (ii) involvement of important state interests; and (iii) an adequate
opportunity afforded in the state court proceedings to raise the federal claims. See J.B. ex rel.
Hart v. Valdez, 186 F.3d 1280, 1291 (10th Cir. 1999)(citing Middlesex Cnty. Ethics Comm. v.
Garden State Bar Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423, 432 (1982)); Sw. Air Ambulance, Inc. v. City of Las
Cruces, 268 F.3d 1162, 1177-78 (10th Cir. 2001). Where the criteria for Younger abstention are
otherwise met, even if a party requests monetary damages, a federal court in the Tenth Circuit
must abstain from adjudicating the entire case while state proceedings are ongoing. See
Braverman v. New Mexico, 2012 WL 5378290, at *21 (D.N.M. 2012)(Browning, J.).
-3-
that probably Younger -- not Rooker-Feldman would be the relevant standard for the motion. On
clearer examination of the state docket, the Court thinks its initial judgment about what
abstention doctrine applied -- on the matter of the TRO -- was wrong. It now thinks that the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine -- not Younger -- bars the Dibbles’ claim, because Younger requires
ongoing state proceedings but Rooker-Feldman requires completed state action. Compare 4 Am.
Jur. 2d Appellate Review § 10, with 32A Am. Jur. 2d Federal Courts § 1082. The Court
previously reasoned that the doctrine was not implicated in this case. See Memorandum Opinion
and Order Adopting the Chief Magistrate Judge’s Proposed Findings and Recommended
Disposition 5, filed September 12, 2016 (Doc. 21)(“MOO”). In their response to the Dibbles’
objections, filed after the Court’s determination that the doctrine was inapplicable, Wells Fargo
reasserts its previous position that “Rooker-Feldman applies.”
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.’s
Response to Plaintiffs’ Objection to the Proposed Findings and Recommended Disposition on
Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss at 2, filed September 15, 2016 (Doc. 22).
In its MOO, the Court concluded that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine was not implicated,
because state court proceedings were ongoing. See MOO at 4 n.3. As noted in that opinion, the
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit has clarified that “the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine only applies to cases brought ‘after the state proceedings have ended.’” Guttman v.
Khalsa, 446 F.3d at 1031-32 (holding that state court proceedings had not ended and that the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine did not apply, where the plaintiff had petitioned for certiorari to the
Supreme Court of New Mexico, but the appellate court had not yet acted before the plaintiff filed
his federal action). In making this clarification, the Tenth Circuit identified a case from the
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit that “helpfully explained the situations where
a judgment would be considered final for Rooker-Feldman purposes.” Guttman v. Khalsa, 446
-4-
F.3d at 1032 n.2 (referencing Federacion de Maestros de Puerto Rico v. Junta de Relaciones del
Trabajo de Puerto Rico, 410 F.3d 17, 24 (1st Cir. 2005)).
In Federacion de Maestros de Puerto Rico, the First Circuit held that state proceedings
have “ended” for purposes of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine in three situations: (i) when the
highest state court in which review is available has affirmed the judgment below and nothing is
left to be resolved; (ii) the state action has reached a point where neither party seeks further
action; or (iii) the state court proceedings have finally resolved all the federal questions in the
litigation, but state law or purely factual questions remain. See 410 F.3d at 24-25. With respect
to the third situation, the First Circuit explained that “Rooker-Feldman applies where the state
proceeding has ended with respect to the issues that the federal plaintiff seeks to have reviewed
in federal court, even if other matters remain to be litigated.” Federacion de Maestros de Puerto
Rico at 26.
The Dibbles appealed a denial of their motion to vacate the foreclosure judgment to the
Court of Appeals of New Mexico, which issued a summary affirmance of the lower court’s
judgment. See Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Dibble, No. 34,244 (N.M. Ct. App. May 28, 2015).
There is no indication on the Court of Appeals of New Mexico’s docket that the Dibbles
petitioned for a writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court of New Mexico; nor have the Dibbles
alleged that they sought a writ of certiorari. Following the mandate from the Court of Appeals of
New Mexico, the Dibbles filed a post-judgment Emergency Motion to Vacate Writ of
Assistance, Sale and Declare Judgment Void, which the state court also resolved in Wells
Fargo’s favor before the commencement of this federal action. See Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v.
Patty J. Dibble, Thirteenth Judicial District, State of New Mexico, D-1314-CV-201101059. That
the Dibbles lost in state court is not in dispute; that loss is why they attempted to mount a
-5-
collateral attack in federal court days later.
Nevertheless, the state district court issued a writ of assistance on January 5, 2016,
following the Dibbles’ filing of the current federal action. This state court action complicated
application of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. A writ of assistance is “[a] writ to enforce a court’s
decree transferring real property, the title of which has been previously adjudicated.” Writ of
assistance, BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY (10 ed. 2014), http://thelawdictionary.org/writ-ofassistance/ (last visited December 27, 2016). The issuance of the writ was the singular action
that the state court took in the foreclosure case following the commencement of this federal
action. According to the Dibbles, the state court already had “purposed to immediately issue a
writ of assistance” at the time they filed their Complaint. Complaint ¶ 26, at 5. Under the
circumstance, the Court concludes that the formal issuance of the writ of assistance was
essentially a ministerial act3 by the state court to enforce its previous adjudication of the
foreclosure action’s merits.
The Tenth Circuit’s rationale in Mann v. Boatright, 477 F.3d 1140 (10th Cir. 2007),
although not directly on point, provides some support for applying the Rooker-Feldman doctrine
despite ongoing activity in the underlying state court case. There, the plaintiff filed a federal suit
seeking to enjoin various orders that a state probate court issued, most importantly those
appointing a guardian and conservator for her father. See 477 F.3d at 1145. The Tenth Circuit
3
In District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. at 462, the Supreme
Court of the United States of America noted a distinction between judicial, and administrative or
ministerial proceedings. See 460 U.S. at 462. Insofar as a court’s action “investigates, declares
and enforces liabilities as they stand on present or past facts and under laws supposed already to
exist,” it is judicial in nature. 460 U.S. at 477. Insofar as a court’s action “looks to the future
and changes existing conditions by making a new rule to be applied thereafter to all or some part
of those subject to its power,” a court is acting legislatively or ministerially. 460 U.S. at 477.
The Rooker-Feldman doctrine, the Supreme Court said, applies to judicial actions, but not to
legislative or ministerial ones. See 460 U.S. at 479.
-6-
determined that the state probate proceedings became final for Rooker-Feldman purposes at the
time that the state court granted petitions for guardianship and conservatorship, even though
there would be ongoing activity in the state probate case, including, for instance, administrative
filings. See 477 F.3d at 1146. In reaching this determination, the Tenth Circuit considered what
constituted a final judgment of a state probate court under Colorado law, noting that the rules of
finality were the same as those that governed other kinds of civil cases.
See 477 F.3d
at 1146-47.
This holding was not idiosyncratic; the Tenth Circuit repeatedly has held that the RookerFeldman doctrine applies when purely administrative or ministerial tasks ensue from a statecourt judgment. For example, in Panos v. Supreme Court of Utah, 198 Fed. App’x 692 (10th
Cir. 2006), in an opinion that then-Chief Judge Tacha wrote and Judges O’Brien and McConnell
joined, the Tenth Circuit considered a § 1983 civil rights complaint against the Supreme Court of
Utah, in which Panos, appearing pro se, asked the federal district court for declaratory and
injunctive relief when a state court cited him with contempt of court and attempted to enforce the
contempt order. See Panos v. Supreme Court of Utah, 2005 WL 3455112 (D. Utah 2005). The
United States District Court for the District of Utah dismissed Panos’ complaint for lack of
subject-matter jurisdiction under Rooker-Feldman. See 2005 WL 3455112, at *4.
Panos
appealed to the Tenth Circuit, arguing that Rooker-Feldman was inapplicable, because a
contempt citation is an administrative act and not a judicial act. See Panos v. Supreme Court of
Utah, 198 Fed. App’x 692 (10th Cir. 2006). The Tenth Circuit disagreed, affirming the federal
district court’s reasoning behind application of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. See Panos v.
Supreme Court of Utah, 198 Fed. App’x at 692.
Under New Mexico law, there generally are two final, appealable orders in foreclosure
-7-
actions: the foreclosure decree and an order confirming the sale. See Speckner v. Riebold, 1974NMSC-029, 523 P.2d 10 (1974). It is the foreclosure decree that “operates to foreclose the
mortgage [and] declares the rights of the parties in the mortgaged premises.” Speckner v.
Riebold ¶ 2, 523 P.2d at 12. In Bank of America, N.A. v. Lipper, No. 32,469 (N.M. Ct. App.
May 16, 2013)(unpublished), an opinion addressing the appeal of a writ of assistance, the Court
of Appeals of New Mexico reasoned that a defendant subject to foreclosure who failed to appeal
either the foreclosure decree or the subsequent order confirming the sale had “waived any
arguments with respect to the merits of the underlying foreclosure and judicial sale.” Bank of
America, N.A. v. Lipper, No. 32,469 ¶ 3, at 2. In other words, even if a writ of assistance itself
is appealable, the appellate court will not reconsider the merits of the foreclosure action absent a
successful appeal of the foreclosure judgment.
While the Dibbles here, upon filing their Complaint, specifically sought to enjoin state
officials from issuing their writ of assistance that followed days later, even this claim for
injunctive relief turned upon the foreclosure judgment’s validity. The Court of Appeals of New
Mexico resolved the foreclosure’s merits, however, when it affirmed the state district court’s
judgment in 2014 and then again when the state district court denied the Dibbles’ post-judgment
Motion to Vacate Writ of Assistance, Sale and Declare Judgment Void in late 2015.
Having now considered the underlying state court foreclosure action’s procedural posture
at this action’s commencement, as well as the state court foreclosure’s finality for purposes of
the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, the Court concludes that the state court’s foreclosure judgment
was sufficiently final for application of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine to the Dibbles’ declaratory
judgment and injunctive claims. See Kraft v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, Nat’l Ass’n, 2010 WL
4869099, at *4 (D. Colo. 2010)(Blackburn, J.)(explaining that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars
-8-
claims for rescission of a mortgage loan under TILA so long as the state court already has finally
approved the sale of real estate). Cf. Stratton v. Massachusetts, 2008 WL 4427203 (D. Mass.
2008)(Woodlock, J.)(reasoning that claims were subject to dismissal under the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine so long as they turned on the “core state court judgments” in a domestic relations action,
despite ongoing post-judgment state court proceedings). In the Court’s view, the case seems to
fit within the first of the situations that the First Circuit discussed in Federacion de Maestros de
Puerto Rico -- that is, the highest state court in which review was available, or in which the
plaintiffs sought review, affirmed the judgment below and nothing substantive was left to be
resolved. See 410 F.3d 24. Additionally, at the filing of the Dibbles’ federal Complaint, the
state court foreclosure proceedings already had ended with respect to the issues over which the
Dibbles now seek review in federal court -- that is, the foreclosure judgment’s validity -- even if
other matters, i.e. the formal issuance of the writ of assistance, remains in the state district court.
Accordingly, the Court sees no sound reason to reject Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen’s
reasoning on the issue in the PFRD on Motion to Dismiss.
Turning to their Objections to the PFRD on Motion to Dismiss, the Court notes that the
Dibbles maintain, not for the first time, that the Court has misapprehended their Complaint. See
Objections at 1-2. Indeed, they contend that Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen has offered “a
proposed disposition of issues not sought by the Plaintiffs.” Objections at 2. More particularly,
they insist that they do not seek a determination from the Court that TILA rescission occurred,
explaining that TILA rescission is, after all, a “private,” “non-judicial process.” Objections at
1,3. The Dibbles even go so far as to suggest that the Court’s determination invalidating the
rescission of their mortgage would be a violation of their constitutional right to due process. See
Objections at 5. Additionally, they submit that their state court foreclosure action, see Dibble v.
-9-
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, D-1314-CV-201101059, has no effect on the present
case or, as they put it, is not “an underlying case in this action.” Objections at 2.
The Dibbles raise similar arguments, both in their response to Wells Fargo’s Motion to
Dismiss and in their Objections to Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen’s Proposed Findings and
Recommended Disposition, filed December 31, 2015 (Doc. 6)(“PFRD”), which addressed the
Dibbles’ request for a temporary restraining order.
PFRD at 1.
Their Complaint’s plain
language contradict these allegations, as the Dibbles pray for “declaratory judgment that [their]
Mortgage . . . is terminated, released, void, and invalid and likewise the obligation by the Note is
terminated, released, void, and invalid,” Complaint ¶ 21, at 4, and states that the “Plaintiff now
seeks an emergency stay of all actions made or to be made by the Thirteenth Judicial District
Court for Valencia County in the State of New Mexico in case no. D-1314-CV-2011-1059,”
Complaint ¶ 27, at 5.
In response to Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen’s rationale that their notice of rescission
was untimely, the Dibbles contend that the notice “was received under an allegation of
timeliness” and, therefore, the “allegation must be taken as true until disputed.” Objections at 3.
They insist that it is Well Fargo’s duty to “dispute timeliness,” which they submit it failed to do
within twenty days of its receipt. Objections at 3. As Chief Magistrate Judge Molzen explained,
however, the Dibbles themselves asserted in their Complaint that they gave notice of rescission
eight years after the loan’s consummation. See Complaint ¶¶ 5-6, at 2; PFRD on Motion to
Dismiss at 10. Thus, based on their Complaint’s allegations alone, their attempted rescission
failed to comport with 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f), which provides that the TILA rescission right
“expire[s] three years after the date of consummation of the transaction.” 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f).
The Dibbles submit that Wells Fargo, by remaining silent for twenty days following the Dibbles’
- 10 -
attempted, albeit untimely, rescission, is now estopped from disputing the notice’s timeliness.
Objections at 3-4.
They provide no applicable authority, however, supporting such a
proposition, and the Court is not aware of any such authority.
The Dibbles refer to United States v. Tweel, 550 F.2d 297 (5th Cir. 1977), arguing that
Wells Fargo, like the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) agent in United States v. Tweel,
“committed a sneaky and deliberate deception in order to deprive Plaintiff of his statutory rights
to relief available under 15 U.S.C. § 1640 by concealing that they previously consented to
rescission by their silence.” Objections at 4. In United States v. Tweel, the defendant was
convicted of tax evasion, making false statements in a tax return, and conspiring to defraud the
United States by obstructing IRS functions. See 550 F.2d at 298. He appealed his convictions,
and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that the IRS agent’s failure to
apprise the defendant of his investigation’s criminal nature constituted deliberate deception by
the government agent. See 550 F.2d at 298. Ultimately, the Fifth Circuit determined that
records which the IRS agent microfilmed were obtained through an unreasonable search during
which the agent gained consent by intentional misrepresentation. See 550 F.2d at 298. United
States v. Tweel, however, a criminal case addressing the reasonableness of a government search
under the Fourth Amendment, has no application in this case.
Not only is the Fourth
Amendment of the Constitution to the United States of America not implicated, but, even on the
facts as alleged in the Dibbles’ Complaint, there is no showing that Wells Fargo deliberately
misrepresented anything to the Dibbles, through its silence or otherwise.
The Dibbles suggest that it is Wells Fargo’s burden to present proof that it somehow
disputed the notice of rescission. See Objections at 4. Moreover, the Dibbles insist that they
should have the opportunity to “challenge standing, answer, seek discovery, bring evidence, and
- 11 -
establish the truth of the allegations.” Objections at 5. The Dibbles misunderstand the case’s
posture, the parties’ respective burdens, and rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure.
Under rule 12(b)(6), a court may dismiss a complaint for a failure to state a claim upon
which relief can be granted. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). The complaint’s sufficiency is a
question of law, and when considering a rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the court accepts as true
all well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint, viewing those allegations in the light most
favorable to the non-moving party, and drawing all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor.
See Moore v. Guthrie, 438 F.3d 1036, 1039 (10th Cir. 2006). To withstand a rule 12(b)(6)
motion, a complaint must contain “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
face.”
Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007).
“A claim has facial
plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S.
662, 678 (2009)(internal citation omitted). If a plaintiff cannot nudge the claims “across the line
from conceivable to plausible,” the complaint must be dismissed. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at
680. Here, the Court agrees that, in light of the residential mortgage transaction exception and
the three-year expiration of the TILA right of rescission, the Dibbles’ claim for statutory
damages is not facially plausible and that it should dismiss the claim for failure to state a claim
upon which relief can be granted.
Having conducted a de novo review of the Dibbles’ Complaint and Wells Fargo’s Motion
to Dismiss, as well as the Dibbles’ Objections, the Court adopts Chief Magistrate Judge
Molzen’s findings and conclusions, and overrules the Dibbles’ Objection.
IT IS ORDERED that: (i) the Chief Magistrate Judge’s Proposed Findings and
- 12 -
Recommended Disposition, file August 10, 2016 (Doc. 19) is adopted; (ii) Defendant Wells
Fargo’s Motion to Dismiss, filed February 1, 2016 (Doc. 11), is granted; (iii) the Plaintiffs’
Motion to Strike Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, filed February 11, 2016 (Doc. 13) is denied;
(iv) the Plaintiffs’ claims for declaratory and injunctive relief are dismissed without prejudice for
lack of subject-matter jurisdiction; and (v) the Plaintiff’s claims for damages under the Truth-inLending Act, 15 U.S.C. 1601-1667f, are dismissed with prejudice for failure to state a claim.
________________________________
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Parties and counsel:
Phillip W. Dibble
Patty Jo Dibble
Los Lunas, New Mexico
Plaintiffs pro se
Allison Louise Gambill
Snell & Wilmer LLP
Denver, Colorado
-- and -Sandra A. Brown
Snell & Wilmer LLP
Phoenix, Arizona
Attorneys for the Defendant
- 13 -
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?