Covington v. Senkowski
Filing
45
MEMORANDUM and ORDER: Covingtons motion to vacate 37 is DENIED. A copy of this decision will be sent to the pro se petitioner by regular mail from chambers. Ordered by Judge Frederic Block on 1/13/2017. (Innelli, Michael)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
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JOHN COVINGTON
Petitioner,
-against-
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
02-CV-5589 (FB)
DANIEL A. SENKOWSKI,
Respondent.
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Appearances:
For the Petitioner:
JOHN COVINGTON, Pro Se
# 98-A-7353
Shawangunk Correctional Facility
P.O. Box 700
Wallkill, NY 12589-0750
For the Respondent:
JOHN M. CASTELLANO
JILL ALISON GROSS MARKS
Assistant District Attorneys
Queens County District Attorney
125-01 Queens Boulevard
Kew Gardens, NY 11415
BLOCK, Senior District Judge:
In September 2002, John Covington filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus
challenging his New York state court robbery conviction. This Court denied his petition
on December 24, 2003. Covington unsuccessfully appealed to the Second Circuit and
subsequently unsuccessfully petitioned for a writ of certiorari with the United States
Supreme Court. In March 2016—more than a decade after litigating his first habeas
petition—Covington requested the Second Circuit grant him leave to file a successive
habeas petition, which the Circuit promptly denied. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 60(b), Covington now moves to vacate this Court’s December 2003 decision
denying his habeas petition. For the following reasons, Covington’s motion is DENIED.
Rule 60(c) instructs litigants about the appropriate timing for Rule 60(b) motions to
vacate: “A motion under Rule 60(b) must be made within a reasonable time--and for
[subsections] (1), (2), and (3) no more than a year after the entry of the judgment or order
or the date of the proceeding.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c). In his motion, Covington argues the
December 2003 decision should be vacated under Rule 60(b) subsections (2), (4), and (6).
Thus, his first rationale for vacatur—that, pursuant to subsection (2), “newly discovered
evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have been discovered in time to move
for a new trial under Rule 59(b)” warrants relief—is untimely because it was raised “more
than a year after the entry of the judgment.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c).
Rule 60(b) subsections (4) and (6) are not subject to a strict one-year limitation, but
any motions pursuant to those subsections “must be made within a reasonable time.” Fed.
R. Civ. P. 60(c). To determine whether such a motion was made within a reasonable time,
“we look at the particular circumstance of each case and ‘balance the interest in finality
with the reasons for delay.’” Grace v. Leumi Trust Co., 443 F.3d 180, 190 n. 8 (2d Cir.
2006) (quoting Kotlicky v. United States Fidelity & Guar. Co., 817 F.2d 6, 9 (2d Cir.
1987)). Here, Covington alleges that he did not receive material necessary for his direct
appeal and habeas petition. However, he largely fails to specify which material he did not
receive; when he does specify which materials were allegedly withheld from him, he admits
to eventually receiving those materials in 2010. Covington fails to explain why he did not
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move to vacate between 2010 and 2016. In contrast to his insufficient reasons for delay,
there is a great interest in finality in this case: Covington has directly and collaterally
attacked his conviction in both state and federal court for over a decade to no avail. Thus,
Covington’s motion under subsections (4)1 and (6) is untimely.
Even assuming Covington’s motion was filed “within a reasonable time,” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(c), it nonetheless fails on the merits. Each of Covington’s arguments challenge
his underlying state court conviction rather than this Court’s December 2003 decision
denying habeas relief. In this way, he attempts to “impermissibly circumvent the
requirement that a successive habeas petition be precertified by the court of appeals as
falling within an exception to the successive-petition bar.” Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S.
524, 532 (2005).
For the aforementioned reasons, Covington’s motion to vacate is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
_/S/ Frederic Block________
FREDERIC BLOCK
Senior United States District Judge
Brooklyn, New York
January 13, 2017
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The Court notes that, while “it has been oft-stated that, for all intents and purposes, a
motion to vacate a default judgment as void may be made at any time,” the Second Circuit
has said that a motion under Rule 60(b)(4) can indeed be untimely. Beller & Keller v.
Tyler, 120 F.3d 21, 24 (2d Cir. 1997) (internal quotations omitted).
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