Weiss v. Lincoln National Life Insurance Company
Filing
23
ORDER granting in part and denying in part 14 Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings *** Lincoln's motion for judgment on the pleadings is denied as to Weiss's claim that Lincoln miscalculated premiums and provided an incorrect amount due on the Grace Notice. The motion is granted as to all other alleged deficiencies in the Grace Notice. Ordered by Judge Edward R. Korman on 9/15/2016. (Ellis, Tristan)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BARUCH WEISS, Trustee of the Regina Weiss
Trust,
Plaintiff,
MEMORANDUM & ORDER
– against –
14-CV-4944 (ERK) (JO)
LINCOLN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Defendant.
KORMAN, J.:
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Baruch Weiss (“Weiss”) filed the present lawsuit alleging that deficiencies in a
notice sent by Defendant Lincoln National Life Insurance Company (“Lincoln”) rendered
Lincoln’s purported termination of a life insurance policy invalid. He seeks a declaration that the
policy is still in force. Although Weiss’s Complaint lists a single cause of action, he alleges several
grounds for relief. Indeed, Weiss claims that Lincoln miscalculated premiums, Compl. ¶¶ 15–19,
ECF No. 1;1 that, on the notice Lincoln sent alerting him that the policy was entering a grace
period, Lincoln demanded an incorrect premium payment amount, id. ¶¶ 20–21; and that the notice
provided an incorrect grace period, id. ¶¶ 22–23. According to Weiss, these deficiencies meant
that the notice did not comply with the relevant statutory and policy provisions and thus was
without effect. Lincoln has moved for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(c), primarily arguing that Weiss’s pre-litigations statements amount to concessions
that bar his claim, and that the notice complied with the relevant statutory provisions and policy
terms.
1
The Complaint is “Exhibit A” to the Notice of Removal, beginning at Page ID # 8.
1
A.
Factual Background
Weiss is the trustee of the Regina Weiss Trust, which purchased a $5 million group life
insurance certificate (the “Certificate” or the “Policy”) from Lincoln, insuring the life of Regina
Weiss. Id. ¶¶ 1, 3, 8. The Regina Weiss Trust was named as the beneficiary of the Policy. Id.
¶ 8. Regina Weiss is a New York resident, and the Regina Weiss Trust is a New York-based trust.
Id. ¶¶ 4, 6–7. The Regina Weiss Trust purchased the Certificate in New Jersey. See Am. Verified
Answer & Countercl. for Declaratory J. at 2 ¶ 5 & Ex. C [hereinafter Am. Answer], ECF No. 5.
The Certificate was issued under a master group insurance policy (the “Master Policy”)
held by a Rhode Island-based trust; indeed, the Master Policy in the present case is the same one
that was at issue in a different case against Lincoln that was before me, National Society for
Hebrew Day Schools and Barry Weiss v. Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, No.
14-CV-970 (ERK) (PK). Compare Am. Answer Ex. A, at 12 (noting that the Master Policy number
is GRP 10.LWL), with Nat’l Soc’y for Hebrew Day Schs., No. 14-CV-970 (ERK) (PK), Verified
Answer & Countercl. Declaratory J. Ex. A, at 1 (Page ID # 232), ECF No. 16 (same), and id. Ex.
B (Page ID # 277) (noting that “Bank Newport” in Middletown, Rhode Island, is the trustee of the
trust that owns the Master Policy). As noted in the Memorandum and Order resolving Lincoln’s
motion for judgment on the pleadings in that case, the Master Policy covers “a group not
recognized under New York law.” Nat’l Soc’y for Hebrew Day Schs., No. 14-CV-970 (ERK)
(PK), Mem. & Order 3, ECF No. 36.
On July 31, 2012, Lincoln wrote to Weiss indicating that the Certificate had entered a grace
period (the “Grace Notice”).3 Am. Answer Ex. E. According to the Certificate’s terms, the
2
Page numbers for exhibit A of the Amended Verified Answer refer to pages of the
Certificate.
3
In his Complaint, Weiss refers to this document as the “notice of cancellation.” See, e.g.,
Compl. ¶¶ 20–25.
2
Certificate enters a grace period when the “Cash Surrender Value” of the Certificate is insufficient
to pay “monthly deductions due,” id. Ex. A, at 7—that is, “the cost of insurance” plus
“administrative charges,” id. at 9. The Certificate provides for a sixty-day grace period. Id. at 7.
The Certificate further provides that Lincoln will give notice to the Certificate owner “of the
minimum amount due at least 30 days before the end of the grace period.” Id.
The Grace Notice indicated that the Certificate had entered a grace period on July 6, 2012.
Id. Ex. E. It further indicated that, to prevent the Certificate from lapsing, Weiss was required to
send $14,067.57 to Lincoln “on or before September 4, 2012.” Id. Because Lincoln did not receive
payment by September 4, it sent Weiss a letter, dated September 10, 2012, stating that Certificate
had lapsed. Id. Ex. G. Weiss attempted to tender the required payment shortly thereafter. See id.
Ex. H.
In an effort to have the Policy reinstated, Weiss wrote to Lincoln asking for “a onetime
courtesy to have the policy in force without lapsing since the payment [he sent after Lincoln sent
the lapse notice] was still in the 10 days of lapsing date[] which is usually honored by the
company.” Id. He added that, “it wasn’t due to any negligence on [his] part[,] just an unfortunate
error.” Id. Indeed, Weiss wrote that, “[w]hen [the] last payment was due[, he] was out of the
country[,] and,” although he had “made sure to schedule pickup with UPS beforehand,” there was
“a misunderstanding because on the 10th of September [he] realized that payment was never
received t[h]rough UPS Tracking.” Id. When his efforts were to no avail, Weiss, on October 28,
2012, applied to have the Policy reinstated. Id. Ex. I, at 1, 8. On December 11, 2012, Lincoln
denied the reinstatement application. Id. Ex. J.
In a final attempt to resolve his dispute with Lincoln short of litigation, Weiss’s attorney
wrote to Lincoln on May 17, 2013. See id. Ex. F. In the letter, Weiss’s attorney argued that the
Grace Notice had “statutory deficiencies,” which “render[ed] the notice invalid and a nullity.” Id.
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at 3. Accordingly, “[t]he lapse was not triggered and [would] not trigger until proper notice is
sent.” Id. On that score, Weiss’s attorney indicated that Weiss would “accept [Lincoln’s] response
to th[e] letter . . . as a proper notice,” and that Weiss would “be pleased to promptly furnish
payment.” Id. This effort evidently fell short because Weiss has filed the present lawsuit.
B.
Procedural Background
Weiss sued in Kings County Supreme Court on July 1, 2014, seeking a declaration “that
the Policy is in full force and effect.” Compl. at 6. After removing the suit to this court on August
20, 2014, Notice of Removal at 4, ECF No. 1, Lincoln filed an Answer on September 10, 2014,
Answer at 5, ECF No. 4, and an Amended Answer and counterclaim for a declaration “that the
Certificate was properly terminated” on September 30, 2014, Am. Answer at 8. Weiss has
answered the counterclaims. Answer to Countercls. for Declaratory J., ECF No. 13.
Lincoln filed the present motion for judgment on the pleadings on July 13, 2015, Notice of
Mot. J. on Pleadings 2, ECF No. 14, which was fully briefed as of September 17, 2015, Def.’s
Reply Mem. Law Further Supp. Mot. J. Pleadings 9 [hereinafter Def.’s Reply Mem.], ECF No. 14
attach. 3. On November 19, 2015, the case was reassigned to me from Judge Matsumoto, because
of overlapping issues presented in the present motion, and a motion for judgment on the pleadings
in another case before me, National Society for Hebrew Day Schools and Barry Weiss v. Lincoln
National Life Insurance Company, No. 14-CV-970 (ERK) (PK), which I decided on March 31,
2016, see id. Mem. & Order, ECF No. 36.
ANALYSIS
A.
Legal Standard
Parties may move for judgment on the pleadings “[a]fter the pleadings are closed—but
early enough not to delay trial.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c). “The standard for addressing a Rule 12(c)
motion for judgment on the pleadings is the same as that for a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for
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failure to state a claim.” Hogan v. Fischer, 738 F.3d 509, 514–15 (2d Cir. 2013) (quoting
Cleveland v. Caplaw Enters., 448 F.3d 518, 521 (2d Cir. 2006)). When adjudicating 12(c)
motions, courts “accept[] the complaint’s factual allegations as true and draw[] all reasonable
inferences in the plaintiff’s favor.” Kirkendall v. Halliburton, Inc., 707 F.3d 173, 178 (2d Cir.
2013) (citing Hayden v. Paterson, 594 F.3d 150, 160 (2d Cir. 2010)). A court must assess whether
the complaint “contain[s] sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that
is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v.
Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads
factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable
for the misconduct alleged.” Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556).
“On a 12(c) motion, the court considers ‘the complaint, the answer, any written documents
attached to them, and any matter of which the court can take judicial notice for the factual
background of the case.’” L-7 Designs, Inc. v. Old Navy, LLC, 647 F.3d 419, 422 (2d Cir. 2011)
(quoting Roberts v. Babkiewicz, 582 F.3d 418, 419 (2d Cir. 2009) (per curiam)). “A complaint is
[also] deemed to include any written instrument attached to it as an exhibit, materials incorporated
in it by reference, and documents that, although not incorporated by reference, are ‘integral’ to the
complaint.” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Sira v. Morton, 380 F.3d 57, 67 (2d Cir. 2004)).
This extends to “documents possessed by or known to the plaintiff and upon which [he or she]
relied in bringing the suit.” ATSI Commc’ns, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd., 493 F.3d 87, 98 (2d Cir.
2007) (citing Rothman v. Gregor, 220 F.3d 81, 88 (2d Cir. 2000)).
B.
Merits
Lincoln moves for judgment on the pleadings, primarily arguing that Weiss’s pre-litigation
concessions “bar[] [his] claim as a matter of law,” Def.’s Mem. Law Supp. Mot. J. Pleadings 9
[hereinafter Def.’s Mem.], ECF No. 14 attach. 1; see also id. at 1–2, 6–7, 8–10, 14–16; Def.’s
5
Reply Mem. 8–9; and the Grace Notice provided the correct grace period, and thus complied with
the relevant statutory and Certificate provisions, Def.’s Mem. 11–16. While both sides either agree
or do not object to the application of New York law, see Pl.’s Mem. Law Opp’n Mot. J. Pleadings
5–14 [hereinafter Pl.’s Mem.], ECF No. 15; Def.’s Mem. 11–13; Def.’s Reply Mem. 1–3, because
Lincoln argues that the statutory provisions upon which Weiss relies for his claims only apply to
individual insurance policies, not group life insurance certificates, I address at the threshold which
New York statutory provisions apply to the present dispute. I then turn to each of Lincoln’s
primary arguments before addressing the remaining ancillary arguments Lincoln and Weiss raise
in their memoranda of law.
1. Applicable New York Statutory Provisions
Under New York law, group policyholders are typically not afforded the same protections
as individual policyholders; they are not entitled to any grace period, see N.Y. Ins. Law § 3220;
see also id. § 3203(f), or grace notice, see id. § 3220; see also id. § 3211(f)(1). Nevertheless, New
York regulations provide that certificates “evidencing coverage under a policy delivered outside
of New York to a group not recognized under New York law and regulations,” like the Certificate
at issue here, “must comply with the contract and loss or benefit ratio requirements of individual
or group insurance, whichever, in the opinion of the superintendent, affords the certificate holder
the greatest protection.” N.Y Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 11, § 59.4(b). This regulation applies
to group policy “certificates deemed to have been delivered in [New York] under section
3201(b)(1).” Id. § 59.2. A group life insurance certificate is “deemed to have been delivered in
[New York], regardless of the place of actual delivery” if the “certificate evidenc[es] insurance
coverage on a resident of [New York],” like the Certificate at issue here, subject to certain
exceptions that do not apply in this case. N.Y. Ins. Law § 3201(b)(1).
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There appear to be no cases, other than my own previous decision, interpreting this
regulation—indeed, no cases resolving the issue of whether the grace period and notice
requirements applicable to individual life insurance policies apply to group policies where the
group is not one New York law recognizes. The New York State Department of Financial Services
has provided guidance on this issue, stating that, in these circumstances, “the group policyholder
is entitled to a sixty-one day grace period.” N.Y. State Dep’t of Fin. Servs., Group Universal Life
Product Outline 22 (July 3, 2013), http://www.dfs.ny.gov/insurance/life/product/grp_ul_2013.pdf
(citing N.Y. Ins. Law § 3203(a)(1)). A prior version of this document explained that “[p]olicies
must be in compliance with Section 3203(a)(1),” which provides for a grace period, and must
provide notice “in accordance with Section 3211(b).” N.Y. State Dep’t of Fin. Servs., Group
Universal Life Insurance Outline 16 (Sept. 9, 2002), http://www.dfs.ny.gov/insurance
/life/product/trrgllot.pdf.
While these documents are not themselves regulations, they nevertheless provide some
explanation by the Department of Financial Services of what it means to “comply with the contract
. . . requirements of individual or group insurance, whichever, in the opinion of the superintendent,
affords the certificate holder the greatest protection.” See N.Y Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 11,
§ 59.4(b). Such an explanation by the Department is at the very least persuasive and entitled to
some deference. Cf. Gaines v. N.Y. State Div. of Hous. & Cmty. Renewal, 90 N.Y.2d 545, 548–49
(1997) (“We have repeatedly held that the interpretation given to a regulation by the agency which
promulgated it and is responsible for its administration is entitled to deference if that interpretation
is not irrational or unreasonable.”); John Paterno, Inc. ex rel. Paterno v. Curiale, 88 N.Y.2d 328,
333–34 (1996) (“[T]he Superintendent’s interpretation of [an insurance regulation], ‘if not
irrational or unreasonable, will be upheld in deference to his special competence and expertise
with respect to the insurance industry, unless it runs counter to the clear wording of a statutory
7
provision.’” (quoting N.Y. Pub. Interest Research Grp. v. N.Y. State Dep’t of Ins., 66 N.Y.2d 444,
448 (1985))); 2 N.Y. Jur. 2d, Admin. Law § 324, at 413–14 (1998) (“The construction and
interpretation of an agency’s regulation is a matter for the agency . . ., unless the regulation can be
interpreted without the use of any special expertise.” (footnotes omitted)).
2. Weiss’s Pre-litigations Statements
Lincoln argues that in several documents—a letter from Weiss to Lincoln, a policy
reinstatement form, and a letter from Weiss’s attorney to Lincoln—Weiss conclusively conceded
that the Certificate lapsed. See id. at 1–2, 6–7, 8–10, 14–16; Def.’s Reply Mem. 8–9. Lincoln
further contends that Weiss’s allegations “that the premium amount listed on the Grace Period
Notice [is] ‘Miscalculated’ are of no moment,” because “[t]his is not a case where the Plaintiff
made payment of an insufficient amount of premium,” but instead, “where Plaintiff plainly admits
that the premium payment was not made at all.” Def.’s Mem. 16. This appears to be the only
argument Lincoln makes regarding Weiss’s allegations that Lincoln miscalculated premiums and
that the amount Lincoln demanded in the Grace Notice to keep the Policy in force was incorrect.
See Compl. ¶¶ 15–21.
This argument is without merit. First, the alleged admissions are not judicial admissions
but merely constitute evidence, which a party is free to explain or even contradict. See 2
McCormick on Evid. § 254 (7th ed. database updated June 2016). Consequently, they cannot
provide the basis for a motion for judgment on the pleadings. Moreover, the cases Lincoln cites
suggesting that Weiss’s submission of an insurance reinstatement form is dispositive of his claim
that the Policy did not lapse are inapposite. See Def.’s Reply Mem. 8–9 (citing Axelroad v. Metro.
Life Ins. Co., 267 N.Y. 437 (1935); Teeter v. United Life Ins. Ass’n, 159 N.Y. 411 (1899); Struhl
v. Travelers Ins. Co., 7 N.Y.S.2d 881 (App. Div. 1st Dep’t 1938), aff’d, 281 N.Y. 584 (1939)).
Indeed, Struhl “was tried on the theory that the notice required by the statute had been given by
8
[the] defendant [insurance company] and received by the insured,” and “[n]o argument concerning
[section 3211’s predecessor statute] was presented in the Appellate Division.” Salzman v.
Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 296 N.Y. 273, 278 (1947). Moreover, “[n]o question as to compliance
with [section 3211’s predecessor statute] was presented to [the New York Court of Appeals] in
Teeter.” Id. In sum, when an insured signs an insurance reinstatement form that includes a clause
acknowledging that a policy has lapsed, the reinstatement form is not conclusive evidence that the
policy lapsed; “[s]uch is not the law.” Id. at 277–78.
Finally, even if Weiss were bound by a prior statement that he did not tender payment, that
admission would not be fatal to his claim. Both the terms of the Certificate and section 3211
plainly required the Grace Notice to state the amount due. See N.Y. Ins. Law § 3211(b)(2); Am.
Answer Ex. A, at 7. Lincoln cites no authority for the proposition that the statement of an incorrect
amount satisfies this contractual and statutory obligation. Indeed, “[u]nless a proper notice ha[s]
been sent to the insured in compliance with [section 3211], [a] policy of insurance [can]not lapse
and [can]not be declared forfeited within one year from the failure to pay the premium.” Salzman,
296 N.Y. at 276–77.
Unlike a notice that includes only a “minor error” or “an obvious
typographical error in the premium amount due,” a notice with a “significantly higher” amount
due than actually required is “[in]effective to cancel the policy.” Zeligfeld v. Phoenix Life Ins.
Co., 975 N.Y.S.2d 370 (table), 2013 WL 1688902, at *4 (Sup. Ct. Kings Cty. Apr. 17, 2013); see
also Lebovits v. PHL Variable Ins. Co., No.12-CV-6397 (FB) (RML), 2016 WL 4194120, at *2
(E.D.N.Y. Aug. 9, 2016) (Block, J.) (concluding that the New York Court of Appeals “would
invalidate a notice that misstated the premium due, as long as the misstatement was not de
minimis”).
Here, Weiss alleges that the amount needed to keep the Policy in force until August 6,
2012, was $3,841.00—significantly less than the $14,067.57 Lincoln demanded in the Grace
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Notice. Weiss Letter Response to 8/19/16 Order, ECF No. 22.4 Under New York law, however,
Lincoln was permitted to demand payment during the grace period of “sufficient premium to keep
the policy in force for three months from the date the insufficiency was determined.” N.Y. Ins.
Law § 3203(a)(1). Nevertheless, Weiss contends that “Lincoln demanded over [300%] of the
required premium.” Weiss Letter Response to 8/19/16 Order, ECF No. 22. That is, Weiss seems
to allege that $11,523.00—three times $3,841.00—would have been sufficient to keep the Policy
in force for three months from July 6, 2012, the date when Lincoln determined that the cash value
of the Certificate was insufficient to cover the premium costs. See Am. Answer Ex. E. This figure
is still over two thousand dollars lower than the sum Lincoln demanded. This allegation is
sufficient for Weiss to pass through the pleading stage.
3. The Grace Period
Lincoln argues that, even if New York Insurance Law section 3203 applies, the Grace
Notice provided the sixty-one day grace period required by that statute. Def.’s Mem. 13. Lincoln
further contends that the Grace Notice complied with the relevant Certificate provisions. Id.
15–16. Weiss argues that the grace period specified in the Grace Notice fell one day short of the
statutory sixty-one day period. Pl.’s Mem. 11–13; see also Compl. ¶ 23. Weiss rests his claim on
the contention that July 6, 2012, should have been excluded in the calculation of the grace period.
Pl.’s Mem. 13; see also id. at 11–13 (citing N.Y. Gen. Constr. Law § 20). He makes no argument
in support of his allegation that the Grace Notice “failed to provide the correct grace period
provided by the Policy.” Compl. ¶ 22.
Section 3203 provides that a grace period begins “on the day . . . the insurer determines
that the [certificate’s] net cash surrender value is insufficient to pay the total charges necessary to
4
Weiss did not include this figure in his Complaint. Nevertheless, rather than force him
to file an amended complaint, I treat the letter as an amendment to the current Complaint.
10
keep the [certificate] in force for one month from that day.” N.Y. Ins. Law § 3203(a)(1). Here,
the Grace Notice indicated that the Policy entered a grace period on July 6, 2012—the date on
which Lincoln determined that “[t]he cash value of th[e] certificate [was] not enough to pay the
certificate charges” that were due on that day. Am. Answer Ex. E. Thus, the grace period began
on July 6, 2012. The Grace Notice also indicated that Lincoln must receive payment “on or before
September 4, 2012,” or the Certificate would lapse. Id. That is, Weiss had until the end of the day
on September 4, 2012, to make the required premium payment. The grace period indicated on the
Grace Notice, therefore, was from July 6, 2012, to September 4, 2012. A quick calculation shows
that this is sixty-one days: the period from July 6 to July 31 was twenty-six days, the period from
August 1 to August 31 was thirty-one days, and the period from September 1 to September 4 was
four days; adding twenty-six, thirty-one, and four yields sixty-one.
See Def.’s Mem. 13.
Moreover, even if the grace period were off by one day, that deficiency would not render the Grace
Notice void. Stein v. Am. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 34 F. Supp. 3d 224, 232 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) (Irizarry,
J.) (holding that, because “[a] minor mistake does not necessarily void a grace notice,” whether a
grace notice provided a grace period that was reduced by one day “was immaterial” (citing
Nederland Life Ins. Co. v. Meinert, 199 U.S. 171, 179 (1905))).
4. Remaining Issues
The parties’ memoranda of law make several ancillary arguments. I briefly address some
of the more substantial ones.
a. Weiss argues that the Grace Notice violated New York Insurance Law section 3211
because it failed to provide (i) the correct amount due, (ii) the correct due date, (iii) the place to
which and person to whom payment could be made, as well as (iv) the “statutorily required
warning language.” Pl.’s Mem. 10–11. This last argument appears to be based on the fact the
Grace Notice included only the word “lapse,” but omitted the word “terminate.” Pl.’s Mem.
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10–11. The first two allegations appear to be duplicative of the two main claims alleged in the
Complaint, which are discussed above. See Compl. ¶¶ 15–23.
The last two allegations are not alleged in the Complaint—other than the vague legal
conclusions included at the end of Weiss’s Complaint, see, e.g., Compl. ¶ 25 (“Lincoln’s purported
notice of cancellation failed to comply with applicable law.”); id. ¶ 28 (“Lincoln did not comply
with the statutory policy termination provisions.”), which are “not entitled to be assumed true,”
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 681. In any event, Weiss’s arguments are without merit. Indeed, Lincoln’s
address—the same address listed as the Service Office address on the Certificate—is the only
address, aside from Weiss’s, listed on the Grace Notice. Compare Am. Answer Ex. A, at 1, with
id. Ex. E. Similarly, by stating that, if Weiss failed to make the required payment, the Certificate
would “lapse without value”, id. Ex. E, the Grace Notice clearly conveyed the information section
3211 requires—“that unless such payment is made on or before the date when due or within the
specified grace period thereafter, the policy shall terminate or lapse,” N.Y. Ins. Law § 3211(b)(2);
see Zeligfeld v. Phoenix Life Ins. Co., 992 N.Y.S.2d 162 (table), 2014 WL 641363, at *4 (Sup. Ct.
Kings Cty. Feb. 11, 2014) (“[I]n cases addressing the language of notices, courts have held that
the notice need not follow the exact wording of the statute as long as the information intended to
be provided is conveyed.” (citing McDougall v. Provident Sav. Life Assurance Soc’y of N.Y., 135
N.Y. 551, 556–57 (1892))). In short, contrary to Weiss’s contentions, the Grace Notice left nothing
to “guesswork.” See Pls.’ Mem. 14 (quoting Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bates, 683 N.Y.S.2d 739,
742 (Sup. Ct. Nassau Cty. 1998)).
b. Weiss argues that Lincoln “has not provided proof that the lapse letter [i.e., Grace
Notice] was sent within the time frame required by law.” Pl.’s Mem. 4. Indeed, he argues that the
type of proof required to invoke the presumption of mailing that would attach under New York
Insurance Law section 3211(c)—such as affidavits outlining Lincoln’s mailing procedures—is
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evidence Lincoln is “prohibited from . . . [providing] on a motion on the pleadings.” Id. at 5. On
that score, Lincoln contends that, “even if § 3211 were deemed to apply,” Weiss’s claim would
fail because of the evidentiary presumption that section 3211(c) provides. Def.’s Mem. 14.
Lincoln also argues that Weiss’s pre-litigation statements bar his claim. Id. at 14–15.
First, Weiss does not clearly allege in his Complaint that Lincoln did not send the Grace
Notice, although he does allege that “Lincoln failed to send notice of cancellation in accordance
with Policy terms,” and that “Lincoln failed to send notice of cancellation in accordance with the
law.” Compl. ¶¶ 32–33. While these paragraphs could arguably be read as an allegation that
Lincoln never sent the Grace Notice, the more straightforward reading is as an allegation that the
Grace Notice did not comply with the relevant statutory or Certificate terms. This is particularly
so because, unlike the complaint in National Society for Hebrew Day Schools, Weiss makes no
factual allegations that Weiss never received the Grace Notice and that Lincoln never mailed the
Grace notice. Compare Nat’l Soc’y for Hebrew Day Schs., 14-cv-970 (ERK) (PK), Am. Compl.
¶¶ 46–51, ECF No. 15, with Weiss v. Lincoln Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 14-cv-4944 (ERK) (JO), Compl.
¶¶ 25–33. Second, because the gravamen of the Complaint is based on alleged deficiencies in the
Grace Notice, Weiss cannot seriously contend that Lincoln never sent the Grace Notice and that
Weiss never received it. If he means to allege that Lincoln did not send it within the prescribed
timeframe, that allegation must be supported by specific factual allegations—such as a claim that
Weiss never received the Grace Notice, or did not receive it in a timely manner—sufficient to
permit the reasonable inference that Lincoln “is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556
U.S. at 678; see also Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556. Lincoln is not required to produce evidence to
defeat a claim Weiss has not alleged.
c. Lincoln contends that it is clear from the pleadings that Weiss knew the Certificate was
in a grace period. Def.’s Mem. 14–15. I do not agree. The document to which Lincoln points
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suggests that Weiss had meant to make a payment—which, because of a “misunderstanding,”
never reached Lincoln—and that Weiss knew that, at the time the document was written, Lincoln
took the position that the Certificate lapsed. Am. Answer Ex. H. More significantly, Lincoln does
not explain how or why Weiss’s alleged knowledge that the Certificate was in grace relieved
Lincoln of its duty to provide a compliant Grace Notice.
d. I agree with Lincoln that Weiss’s waiver and estoppel claims lack factual substance.
Def.’s Mem. 16–17; see also Compl. ¶¶ 34–35 (“Lincoln is estopped from cancelling the Policy.
Lincoln has waived it right to cancel the Policy.”). Moreover, Weiss makes no attempt to respond
to Lincoln’s argument and defend these claims; therefore, he appears to have abandoned them.
See Jackson v. Fed. Express, 766 F.3d 189, 198 (2d Cir. 2014) (“[A] court may, when appropriate,
infer from a party’s partial opposition that relevant claims or defenses that are not defended have
been abandoned.”).
CONCLUSION
Lincoln’s motion for judgment on the pleadings is denied as to Weiss’s claim that Lincoln
miscalculated premiums and provided an incorrect amount due on the Grace Notice. The motion
is granted as to all other alleged deficiencies in the Grace Notice.
SO ORDERED.
Brooklyn, New York
September 15, 2016
Edward R. Korman
Edward R. Korman
Senior United States District Judge
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