CIT Bank, N.A. v. Tineo et al

Filing 32

ORDER granting 20 Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment against Tineo and Default Judgment with respect to City Defendants. Ordered by Judge Jack B. Weinstein on 12/5/2019. (Barrett, C)

FILED

IN CLERK'S OFFICE
U.S. DISTRICT COURT E.D.N.Y.

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

DEC 13 2019

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BROOKLYN OFFICE

CIT Bank, N.A.

ORDER
17-cv-5119

Plaintiff,
V.

Eduardo Tineo, et al.,
Defendants.

Parties:

Appearances:

For Plaintiffs

Andrew Lawrence Jacobson
Windels Marx Lane & Mittendorf
156 West 56th Street
New York, NY 10019
212-237-1005
Fax:[phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Sean Kevin Monahan
Windels Marx Lane & Mittendorf
156 West 56th Street
New York, NY 10019
212-237-1220
Fax:[phone]
Email: [e-mail]

For Defendant

Eduardo Tineo
1475 East 84th Street
Brooklyn, NY 11236
646-620-1781
PROSE

1

JACK B. WEINSTEIN, Senior United States District Judge:
Table of Contents
I.
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2
II.

Facts ..................................................................................................................................... 3

III.

Procedural History ............................................................................................................... 4

IV.

Legal Standard ...............................: ..................................................................................... 5

A.

Summary Judgment ............................................................................................................. 5

B.

Default Judgment ................................................................................................................. 6

V.

Application of Law to Facts ................................................................................................. 6

C.
1.
D.

New York State Foreclosure ................................................................................................ 6
Plaintiffs Prima Facie Case ............................................................................................ 6
Affirmative Defenses ........................................................................................................... 8

1.

Standing ........................................................................................................................... 8

2.

Cause of Action ................................................................................................................ 9

3.

Service of Process ............................................................................................................ 9

4.

Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act Early Intervention Requirement ....................... 10

5.

Request for Judicial Intervention ................................................................................... 11

E.
VI.

I.

Default Judgment ............................................................................................................... 11
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 13

Introduction
CIT Bank, N .A. ("Plaintiff') brought this diversity action in August 2017 to foreclose on
a $586,000 mortgage secured by residential property located at 1475 East 84th Street, Brooklyn,
New York, naming as defendants Eduardo Tineo ("Defendant"), who was the mortgagor who
had received the loan secured by the mortgage; the New York City Department of Finance
Parking Violations Bureau; New York City Environmental Control Board and New York City
Transition Adjudication Bureau (collectively "City"). See Compl., ECF No. 1. The City was a
stand-in for all other possible claimants, of which there were none.

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All defendants were served with both the complaint and summons. See Summons, ECF
Nos. 6-9 .. Only Tineo, proceeding prose, answered or otherwise defended against the action.

See Answer by Eduardo Tineo, ECF No. 10 ("Tineo Ans."). Tineo raised several affirmative
defenses, among them that plaintiff lacks standing. Id. In July 2018 a Certificate of Default was
issued against City Defendants. See Clerk's Entry of Default, ECF No. 18 ("Default").
Pending before the court is a motion filed by plaintiff in November 2018, seeking (1)
summary judgment against Tineo; (2) appointment of a Special Master to compute all accrued
interest and charges and effectuate a sale of the Property and to disburse funds from such sale;
and (3) a default judgment against City Defendants. See Mot. for Summ. J. at 5-6, ECF No. 20.
For the reasons set forth below, summary judgment against Tineo on all his claims, and a
default judgment against City Defendants is granted.

II.

Facts
Plaintiff is a national banking association with its principal place of business in Pasadena,
California. Compl. 12, ECF No. 1. Defendant Eduardo Tineo is a resident of New York State
and the owner of residential property located at 14 75 East 84th Street, Brooklyn, New York
("Property") that is the subject of this suit. Id. 1 4.
On October 31, 2007, Tineo executed a 30-year, 7.75 percent mortgage and Note that
encumbers the Property. Under it, he obtained $586,000 from IndyMac Bank, F.S.B
("IndyMac"). Id. 114. The loan was held by Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.
("MERS"), as nominee for IndyMac. Id. 1 15. Defendant was required by the terms of the Note
to pay a total of $586,000, with interest, in installments due on the first day of each month,
beginning on December 1, 2007. Mot. Summ. J. Ex. 1, ECF No. 20-7.
In 2012, the Note and Mortgage were assigned to One West Bank, F.S.B. Compl. 118,
ECF No. 1. In 2014, One West Bank, F.S.B., then a federal savings bank, changed its charter to

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become a national banking association and its name to One West Bank, N .A. Mot. Summ. J.
Mot., ,r 8, ECF No. 20. The following year, One West Bank, N.A.'s parent company was
acquired by CIT Group, Inc. One West Bank, N.A. survives as an entity, now known as CIT
Bank, N.A.-plaintiffs current name. Id.

,r 9.

It is alleged by plaintiff that Tineo ceased making mortgage payments as of December 1,
2016 and has been in default since. See Comp1. ,r 26, ECF No.1. Default is defined by the terms
of the Note as failing to make the full monthly payment on the due date. Id

,r 22.

On March 8, 2017, pursuant to New York Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law
("RP APL") Section 1304, Tineo was sent a "Default Notice", which warned that he was in
default, that he had ninety days from the date on which the notice was sent to make payment, and
that the loan would be accelerated if he failed to pay by the deadline. Id.
to make any payments. Id.

III.

,r,r 27-29.

Tineo failed

,r 31.

Procedural History

As noted above, plaintiff commenced this action on the basis of diversity jurisdiction
against Eduardo Tineo on August 30, 2017, seeking foreclosure, on and sale of, the mortgaged
property. Id at ,r,r 1-3, 9. Plaintiff also named as defendants the New York City Department of
Finance Parking Violations Bureau, New York City Environmental Control Board, New York
City Transition Adjudication Bureau as persons who "[have] or may claim to have a lien against
the Property for judgments ... which are subordinate to Plaintiffs interest in the property." Id.

,r,r 5-8.

On September 12, 2017 plaintiff served the Summons and Complaint on Kyle Jones, a

person of suitable age and discretion residing at 14 75 East 84th Street, Brooklyn, New York
11236, Tineo's residence. See Summons, ECF No. 9.
Tineo answered on September 25, 2017. He asserted, without any factual support or
explanation, the following affirmative defenses: ( 1) lack of standing; (2) failure to state a cause
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of action; (3) improper service of complaint and summons; (4) failure to comply with the Real
Estate Settlement Procedures Act early intervention requirement; and (5) failure to file a request
for Judicial intervention. See Tineo Ans., ECF No. 10. Meanwhile, he was occupying the
property without payment on the mortgage.
City Defendants have not appeared. In July 2018 a Certificate of Default was issued
against them by the Clerk of the Court. See Default, ECF No. 18. By papers dated November 5,
2018, CIT Bank changed counsel. See Notice of Change of Firm Affiliation and Address, ECF
No. 19. The instant motion was filed one day later. See Mot. Summ. J ., ECF No. 20.
Plaintiff seeks: ( 1) summary judgment against Tineo; (2) appointment of a Special Master
to compute all accrued interest and charges and effectuate a sale of the Property and to disburse
funds from such sale; and (3) a default judgment against City Defendants. See Id.

IV.

Legal Standard
A. Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is appropriate if the movant shows "there is no genuine dispute as to
any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter oflaw." Fed. R. Civ. P.
56(a); see Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 (1986). "The relevant governing
law in each case determines which facts are material; ' [o]nly disputes over facts that might affect
the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary

judgment."' Bank ofAm., NA. v. Fischer, 927 F. Supp. 2d 15, 25 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) (citing

Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248).
An unopposed summary judgment motion may be granted if the district court has
analyzed the moving papers and determined that the movant has satisfied its burden of
demonstrating that there are no issues of material fact-as it has in the present case. See Vt.

Teddy Bear Co. v. 1-800 Beargram Co., 373 F.3d 241,244 (2d Cir. 2004) ("[W]here the non-

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moving party 'chooses the perilous path of failing to submit a response to a summary judgment
motion, the district court may not grant the motion without first examining the moving party's
submission to determine if it has met its burden of demonstrating that no material issues of fact
remains for trial."') (quoting Amaker v. Foley, 274 F.3d 677, 681 (2d Cir. 2001)).
"No genuinely triable factual issue exists when the moving party demonstrates, on the
basis of the pleadings and submitted evidence, and after drawing all inferences and resolving all
ambiguities in favor of the non-movant, that no rational jury could find in the non-movant's
favor." Id. Here, based on the evidence, no rational jury could find in the non-movant' s favor,
making summary judgment in favor of plaintiff appropriate.
B. Default Judgment

Motions for default judgments are governed by Rule 55 of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure ("FRCP"), which sets out a two-step process. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55. First, a
certificate of default must be acquired by the movant from the Clerk of the Court. See Fed. R.
Civ. P. 55(a). If a certificate of default is issued against the non-movant, the movant applies for
entry of a default judgment.
Nevertheless, 'just because a party is in default, the plaintiff is not entitled to a default
judgment as a matter of right." Profi-Parkiet Sp. Zoo v. Seneca Hardwoods LLC, No.13-cv4358, 2014 WL 2169769, at *3, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71289, at *11 (E.D.N.Y. May 23, 2014)
(citations omitted). Whether plaintiff's allegations prove liability as a matter of law must be
established by the district court based on the evidence. Gunawan v. Sake Sushi Rest., 897
F.Supp.2d 76, 83 (E.D.N.Y. 2012).

V.

Application of Law to Facts
C. New York State Foreclosure
1. Plaintiff's Prima Facie Case

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In a foreclosure action under New York law, a plaintiff establishes aprimafacie
entitlement to summary judgment by producing (1) the Note and Mortgage; (2) proof of the
mortgagor's default on payments due under the Note; and (3) notice to the debtor of default. See

Builders Bank v. Charm Devs. II, LLC, Nos. 09-cv-3935 & 09-cv-4410, 2010, WL 3463142, at
*2 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 20, 2010) ("[S]ummary judgment in a mortgage foreclosure action is
appropriate where the Note and Mortgage are produced to the Court with proof that the
Mortgagor has failed to make payments due under the Note." (quotation omitted)). If these
elements are established, plaintiff gains a presumptive right to collect on the debt that can only
be overcome by a meritorious affirmative defense. See CIT Bank, NA. v. 0 'Sullivan, No. 14-cv5966, 2016 WL 2732185, at *4 (E.D.N.Y. May 10, 2016).
Tineo does not dispute allegations surrounding his loan obligation. See Tineo Ans., ECF
No. 20. Rule 8 of the FRCP provides: "[a]n allegation-other than one relating to the amount of
damages-is admitted if a responsive pleading is required and the allegation is not denied." Fed.
R. Civ. P. 8(b)(6). At Paragraph 4 of the Complaint, it is alleged by plaintiff that Tineo is "the
original obligor on the subject loan," Compl. ,r 4, ECF No. 1; Paragraphs 27-28, that Tineo
received 30-day and 90-Day Notices of Default; and at paragraph 31 that the "defaults continue
through the date of this Complaint, unabated." Id.

,r,r 27-28, 31.

Though in the Answer Tineo challenges specific issues about other alleged facts in the
Complaint, he does not deny that he has the debt obligation at issue, that he has defaulted on that
obligation, and that CIT Bank provided timely notice of that default. See Tineo Ans., ECF No.
10. It can be assumed these allegations against Tineo are true.
CIT Bank has produced, in admissible form, evidence establishing a prima facie
foreclosure claim. It has presented evidence demonstrating: (1) that Tineo executed the Note and

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Mortgage on October 31, 2007, See CIT Bank Affidavit at ,r,r4-5, ECF No. 20-6 (CIT Bank
Aff.); (2) Tineo defaulted on that obligation, See Tineo Default, ECF No. 20-15; .and the (3)
"Default Notice" was sent to Tineo informing him of the default. See Notice of Default, ECF
No. 16. These records are authenticated by CIT Bank by the affidavit ofTenisa Brooks, assistant
secretary of LoanCare, LLC, servicer for CIT Bank. The maintenance and review of business
records related to the Mortgage and Note are part of her job duties. See CIT Bank Aff., ECF No.
20-6; Fed. R. Evid. 803(6).
Since there are no "disputed material facts that question the existence of these elements,"
the only remaining issue is whether a showing sufficient to overcome plaintiffs right to
foreclose was made by Tineo. See One West Bank, FSB v. Lynch, No. 14-CV-158(JG) 2014 WL
5471009, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 28, 2014); See also Builders Bank, 2010 WL 3463142, at *J.2:
("Once a mortgagee's primafacie case is established, the mortgagor must make an affirmative
showing that a defense to the action exists."). No such showing has been made.

D. Affirmative Defenses
Because CIT Bank has proved its prima facie case, the burden shifts to Tineo to
demonstrate that there is a triable issue of fact with respect to the merits. Tineo' s answer raises
five affirmative defenses. See Tineo Ans, ECF No. 10. Each is addressed in tum.

1. Standing
"Under New York law, a plaintiff establishes its standing in a mortgage foreclosure
action by demonstrating that, when the action was commenced, it was either the holder or
assignee of the underlying note." One West Bank, NA. v. Melina, 827 F.3d 214,222 (2d Cir.
2016)._-As a first affirmative defense Tineo alleges without factual support that CIT Bank lacks
standing to bring this action because it was not the owner of the Note and Mortgage at time the
suit commenced. See Tineo Ans., ECF No. 10.

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This claim is contradicted by the record. Plaintiff presented evidence demonstrating a
clear chain of assignment from the originator of the Mortgage; it also took physical possession of
the original note before the present suit commenced. See CIT Bank Loan Assignment, ECF
No.2, Ex. A-8 ("Loan Assignment")
While it was conceded by the parties that possession of the Note recently changed hands,
plaintiffs standing is not compromised by this development. See One West Bank, NA. v. Melina,
827 F.3d 214, 222 (2d Cir. 2016) ("under New York law, a plaintiff establishes its standing in a
mortgage foreclosure action by demonstrating that, when the action was commenced, it was
either the holder or assignee of the underlying note.") (quoting Wells Fargo Bank, NA. v.
Rooney, 132 A.D.3d 980, 981 (2d Dep't 2015)).

Under New York law, the chain of assignment described above is enough to show
delivery of the Note and standing. See One West Bank, N.A. v. Melina, No. 14-cv-5290, 2015
WL 5098635, at *4 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 31, 2015), ajf'd, 827 F.3d 214 (2d Cir. 2016) (citing
Kondaur Capital Corp. v. McCary, 115 A.D.3d 649, 650 (2d Dep't 2014) ("The plaintiff also

established that it had standing as the holder of the note and mortgage by submitting the written
mortgage assignments and the affidavit of the plaintiffs president, which established that it had
physical possession of the note prior to commencement of this action.").
Defendant has provided no evidence from which a jury could reasonably conclude that
plaintiff was not the owner of the Note and Mortgage. The standing argument fails.

2. Cause of Action

It is alleged by Tineo, operating on the belief that plaintiff does not own the Note, that
"because ownership of the note and mortgage is an element of a foreclosure cause of action,
plaintiff has no right to foreclose." Tineo Ans., ECF No. 10. This argument is without merit,

9

since, as already noted, the undisputed facts demonstrate that plaintiff obtained legal ownership
of the Note before the suit was commenced.

3. Service of Process
Tineo' s next affirmative defense is that the complaint was not properly served. See Tineo
Ans., ECF No. 10. Tineo does not provide evidentiary support for this defense in his answer, nor
is it supported by the record. FRCP 4(m)(2)(B) provides: an individual may be served by
"leaving a copy of [the summons and complaint] at the individual's dwelling or usual place of
abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resided there." Fed. R. Civ. Pro.
4(m)(2)(B).
Plaintifr s documentary evidence demonstrate Tineo was served in compliance with the
FRCP. On September 12, 201 7, Tineo was served a copy of the Summons, Complaint, Civil
Cover Sheet, and Certificate of Merit when a process server hand-delivered a copy of the
Pleadings to a person of suitable age and discretion at his home, 1475 East 84th Street, Brooklyn,
NY 11236. On September 19, 2017 a copy of the Pleadings was mailed to the same address,
Aff. of Service, ECF 20-3, which Tineo confirmed in his answer was his residence.
Accordingly, plaintiff properly effected service of process on Tineo.

4. Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act Early Intervention Requirement
Also unavailing is Tineo' s affirmative defense that CIT Bank failed to comply with the
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) 12 C.F.R. Section 1024.39. See Tineo Ans.,
ECF No. 10. RESP A was enacted by Congress to "insure that consumers throughout the Nation
are provided with greater and more timely information on the nature and costs of the settlement
process and are protected from unnecessarily high settlement charges caused by certain abusive
practices that have developed in some areas of the country." 12 U.S.C. Section 2601(a). 12

C.F.R. Section 1024.39 establishes the regulatory scheme for early intervention for defaulting
borrowers.
As an initial matter, the record is replete with evidence that CIT Bank made a good faith
effort to establish live contact with Tineo within 36 days of his default, pursuant to 12 C.F .R.
Section 1024.39. Under New York law this statutory condition precedent is not a valid defense
to a mortgage foreclosure action. Fed. Nat 'l Mortg. Ass 'n v. Karastamatis, 52 Misc. 3d 1007,
1009 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., Suffolk Cnty. June 20, 2016) ("While regulatory provisions, particularly
those referred to as a Regulation X, obligate some mortgage foreclosure plaintiffs to confirm to
review standards ... they do not provide a defendant mortgagor with any viable defense to a New
York mortgage foreclosure action ... "). Defendant's RESP A claim lacks merit.

5. Request for Judicial Intervention
Tineo asserts as a fifth affirmative defense that CIT Bank failed to file a Request for
Judicial Intervention (RJI), in violation of New York Codes, Rules and Regulations Title 22,
Section 202.12-a(b). See Tineo Ans., ECF No. I 0. Under the New York State Court rule, "at the
time that proof of service of the summons and complaint is filed with the county clerk, plaintiff
shall file with the county clerk a specialized request for judicial intervention (RJI), on a form
prescribed by the Chief Administrator of the Courts." N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 22, §
202.12a(b)(I).
Tineo provides no case law supporting the suggestion that this statute applies to cases
commenced in federal court, See Tineo Ans., ECF No. 10, and the court's research reveals none.
This argument is rejected as without merit.

E. Default Judgment
Plaintiff also moves for entry of a default judgment against the New York City
Department of Finance Parking Violations Bureau, New York City Environmental Control

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Board, and New York City Transition 1djudication Bureau. See Mot. Summ. J. ,r 2, ECF No 20.
The defaults of these defendants were entered by the Clerk of the Court on July 27, 2018. See
Default, ECF No. I 8. The City Defendants were included in this action because each may have
an interest in the mortgaged property as a judgment creditor; see Compl. ,r,r 5-7, ECF No. 1;
plaintiff believes its interest as the holder of the Note and mortgage is superior to the City
Defendants'. Id.

,r 8.

"Under Rule 55(b) default judgment should be entered if a defendant has failed to plead
or otherwise defend an action." Parise v. Riccelli Haulers, Inc., 672 F.Supp. 72, 74 (N.D.N.Y.
1987). In the specific context of a foreclosure, "[c]ourts regularly enter default judgment in
foreclosure actions against defendants with 'nominal interests' in the relevant property, such as
parties holding liens that are subordinate to the plaintiffs interest. " O'Sullivan, No. 14-cv-5966,
2016 WL 2732185, at *9 (quoting Nationstar Mort. LLC v. Garcia, No.15-cv-1854, 2015 U.S.
Dist. LEXIS 176801, at *8-*9 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 19, 2015) (citations omitted)).
Here, the Complaint contains well-pleaded allegations of nominal liability-i.e., that any
judgments City Defendants may have against Tineo through liens against the Property are
subordinate to CIT Bank's mortgage. Compl. ,r 8, ECF No. 1. Additionally, plaintiff has filed
affidavits substantiating proper service of the Complaint, the Request for a Certificate of Default,
and the present motion seeking a default judgment. See Complaint, Default, and Mot. Summ. J .,
ECF Nos. 1, 17, and 20. Despite the filing of these papers by plaintiff, none of the City
Defendants has moved to challenge the claims or otherwise appeared in the action. The
pleadings coupled with the record evidence detailed above regarding the propriety of Note and
Mortgage establishes CIT Bank's right to a default judgment against City Defendants.

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A default judgment has been entered against the New York City Department of Finance
Parking Violations Bureau, New York City Environmental Control Board, and New York City
Transition Adjudication Bureau.

VI.

Conclusion
Plaintiffs motion for summary judgment against Tineo and default judgment with
respect to City Defendants is granted.

ack B. Weinstein
Senior United States District Judge

Dated: December 5, 2019
Brooklyn, New York

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