United States of America v. One 2012 Toyota Venza XLE, VIN # 4T3B3BB7CU073918 et al

Filing 26

DECISION AND ORDER that Plaintiff's motion for default judgment (Dkt. No. 24 ) is GRANTED, and a Final Order of Forfeiture with regard to Defendants shall be issued. Signed by Chief Judge Glenn T. Suddaby on 10/15/2020. (sal )

Case 5:19-cv-00928-GTS-TWD Document 26 Filed 10/15/20 Page 1 of 6

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
____________________________________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff,
5:19-CV-0928
(GTS/TWD)

v.
One 2012 TOYOTA VENZA XLE, VIN #
4T3B3BB7CU073918; $9,000 in U.S. CURRENCY;
$4,000 in U.S. CURRENCY; $2,000 of $19,315 in
U.S. CURRENCY; and ONE 2010 SUBARU
FORESTER 2.5X PREMIUM, VIN #
JF2SH6CC2AH704182,
Defendants.
____________________________________________
APPEARANCES:

OF COUNSEL:

HON. ANTOINETTE T. BACON
Acting U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of New York
Counsel for the Government
445 Broadway, Room 218
Albany, NY 12207

ADAM J. KATZ, ESQ.
Assistant U.S. Attorney

GLENN T. SUDDABY, Chief United States District Judge
DECISION and ORDER
Currently before the Court, in this in rem civil forfeiture action filed by the United States
(“Plaintiff”) against one 2012 Toyota Venza XLE, VIN # 4T3B3BB7CU073918 (“Defendant
Toyota”), $9,000 in U.S. currency, $4,000 in U.S. currency, $2,000 of $19,315 in U.S. currency
(“Defendant Currency”), and one 2010 Subaru Forester 2.5X Premium, VIN #
JF2SH6CC2AH704182 (“Defendant Subaru”) (collectively “Defendants”), is Plaintiff’s motion

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for default judgment and for an entry of an Order of Forfeiture with regard to Defendants. (Dkt.
No. 24.) For the reasons stated below, Plaintiff’s motion is granted.
I.

RELEVANT BACKGROUND
A.

Summary of Plaintiff’s Complaint

On February 2, 2019, Defendants were seized pursuant to Federal search warrants
executed in various locations in Syracuse, New York. (Dkt. No. 1, at ⁋⁋ 16-17, 22-54 [Plf.’s
Compl.].) On October 8, 2019, Plaintiff brought this action to forfeit and condemn Defendants
to the use and benefit of the United States pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881 and Rule G of the
Supplemental Rules for Certain Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions
(“Rule G”). (Id. at 1.) In support of its Complaint, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Currency, as
well as Defendants Toyota and Subaru, constituted the proceeds of illegal drug sales. (Id. at ⁋⁋
25, 43-44, 50, 55.)
Familiarity with the remaining factual allegations supporting Plaintiff’s Complaint is
assumed in this Decision and Order, which is intended primarily for review by the parties.
B.

Summary of Parties’ Briefing of Plaintiff’s Motion

Generally, in support of its motion, Plaintiff argues that (1) it has taken reasonable steps
to attempt to provide actual notice to all potential claimants, (2) no verified claims have been
filed in this action (and the time for any and all potential claims in this action has expired), and
(3) on January 15, 2020, the Clerk of Court entered a default judgment with respect to all
Defendants. (Dkt. No. 24, Attach. 1 [Katz Aff.].)

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No claimant has filed a response to Plaintiff’s motion by the deadline of April 24, 2020,
nor has any claimant filed a response as of the date of this Decision and Order. (See generally
Docket Sheet.)
II.

RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARD
A.

Summary of Civil Forfeiture Standard

“In rem forfeiture actions are governed by Rule G of the Forfeiture Rules and the Civil
Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 (‘CAFRA’).” United States v. Vazquez-Alvarez, 760 F.3d
193, 197 (2d Cir. 2014); United States v. Conolly, 694 F. App’x 10, 12 (2d Cir. 2017). “Any
‘person who asserts an interest’ in the res that is the subject of a forfeiture action may ‘contest
the forfeiture by filing a claim in the court where the action is pending.’” Vazquez-Alvarez, 760
F.3d at 193 (quoting Forfeiture Rule G[5][a][i]). Standing is a prerequisite to challenge a
forfeiture. Id. at 197. “Filing the claim under rule G(5) confers statutory standing under 18
U.S.C. § 983(a)(4)(A) . . .” Conolly, 694 F. App’x at 13. A claimant must file a claim within
thirty days from the service of the Government’s complaint, or thirty days after the final
publication of notice. 18 U.S.C. § 983(a)(4)(A). “A person seeking to challenge [a] forfeiture
therefore lacks statutory standing if he or she has not filed a claim pursuant to Rule G(5).”
Conolly, 694 F. App’x at 13 (citing United States v. Cambio Exacto, S.A., 166 F.3d 522, 526 [2d
Cir. 1999]).
B.

Summary of Default Judgment Standard

“Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55 provides a two-step process that the Court must
follow before it may enter a default judgment against a defendant.” Robertson v. Doe, 05-CV7046, 2008 WL 2519894, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. June 19, 2008). “First, under Rule 55(a), when a party
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fails to ‘plead or otherwise defend . . . the clerk must enter the party's default.’” Robertson, 2008
WL 2519894, at *3 (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 55[a]). “Second, pursuant to Rule 55(b)(2), the
party seeking default judgment is required to present its application for entry of judgment to the
court.” Id. “Notice of the application must be sent to the defaulting party so that it has an
opportunity to show cause why the court should not enter a default judgment.” Id. (citing Fed.
R. Civ. P. 55[b][2]). “When an action presents more than one claim for relief . . . , the court may
direct entry of a final judgment as to one or more, but fewer than all, claims or parties . . . if the
court expressly determines that there is no just reason for delay.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b).
When a court considers a motion for the entry of a default judgment, it must “accept[ ] as
true all of the factual allegations of the complaint . . . .” Au Bon Pain Corp. v. Artect, Inc., 653
F.2d 61, 65 (2d Cir. 1981) (citations omitted). “However, the court cannot construe the damages
alleged in the complaint as true.” Eng’rs Joint Welfare, Pension, Supplemental Unemployment
Benefit and Training Funds v. Catone Constr. Co., Inc., 08-CV-1048, 2009 WL 4730700, at *2
(N.D.N.Y. Dec. 4, 2009) (Scullin, J.) (citing Credit Lyonnais Sec. (USA), Inc. v. Alcantara, 183
F.3d 151, 155 [2d Cir. 1999] [citations omitted]). “Rather, the court must ‘conduct an inquiry in
order to ascertain the amount of damages with reasonable certainty.’” Eng’rs Joint Welfare,
Pension, Supplemental Unemployment Benefit and Training Funds, 2009 WL 4730700, at *2
(quoting Alcantara, 183 F.3d at 155 [citation omitted]). This inquiry “involves two tasks: [1]
determining the proper rule for calculating damages on such a claim, and [2] assessing plaintiff's
evidence supporting the damages to be determined under this rule.” Alcantara, 183 F.3d at 155.
Finally, in calculating damages, the court “need not agree that the alleged facts constitute a valid
cause of action . . . .” Au Bon Pain, 653 F.2d at 65 (citation omitted).
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III.

ANALYSIS
After carefully considering the matter, the Court finds that Plaintiff is entitled to default

judgment and an Order of Forfeiture for the reasons stated in the affidavit of Plaintiff’s counsel.
(Dkt. No. 24, Attach. 1.) To those reasons, the Court adds the following analysis, which is
intended to supplement, not supplant, the reasoning of Plaintiff’s counsel.
“In order to contest a governmental forfeiture action, claimants must have both standing
under the statute or statutes governing their claims and standing under Article III of the
Constitution as required for any action brought in federal court. Cambio Exacto, 166 F.3d 522,
526 (2d Cir. 1999). “To establish statutory standing, a claimant asserting rights in property that
has been seized and that is the subject of a forfeiture action in rem must file a verified claim
within ten days after process has been executed, unless the court grants an extension.” Id. (citing
Supplemental Rules for Certain Admiralty and Maritime Claims, Rule C([6]). To establish
Article III standing, a claimant must demonstrate (1) an injury-in-fact, (2) that is fairly traceable
to the challenged conduct of the defendant, and (3) that can likely be redressed by a favorable
decision. Mantena v. Johnson, 809 F.3d 721, 731 (2d Cir. 2015). “The [claimant] . . . bears the
burden ‘clearly to allege facts [in his complaint] demonstrating that he is a proper party to invoke
judicial resolution of the dispute.’” Steinberger v. Lefkowitz, 634 F. App’x 10, 11 (2d Cir. 2015)
(quoting Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 518 [1975]); Mercado v. U.S. Customs Serv., 873 F.2d
641, 644 (2d Cir. 1989). The plaintiff must also show that she has “prudential standing,” which
includes a “general prohibition on a litigant’s raising another person’s legal rights.” Keepers, Inc.
v. City of Milford, 807 F.3d 24, 39 (2d Cir. 2015). Rather, the plaintiff must have been injured
“in a personal and individual way” in order to have standing. Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504
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U.S. 555, 560 n.1 (1992). “‘The party invoking federal jurisdiction bears the burden of
establishing’ prudential and constitutional standing.” Keepers, Inc., 807 F.3d at 39.
As an initial matter, the Court finds that no claimant has established statutory standing in
this action. Because standing is a prerequisite to challenge a forfeiture, Vazquez-Alvarez, 760
F.3d at 193, and no person has even asserted a claim within thirty days of service or thirty days
after the publication of notice (Dkt. No. 24, Attach. 1 ⁋⁋ 8-9), any potential claimants lack
statutory standing to Defendants. Conolly, 694 F. App’x at 13 (citing Cambio Exacto, 166 F.3d
at 526). Accordingly, no potential claimant can establish statutory standing with respect to any
Defendant.
For all of these reasons, the Court concludes that Plaintiff is entitled to default judgment
and an Order of Forfeiture.
ACCORDINGLY, it is
ORDERED that Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment (Dkt. No. 24) is GRANTED,
and a Final Order of Forfeiture with regard to Defendants shall be issued.
Date: October 15, 2020
Syracuse, New York

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