Atlantic Recording Corporation et al v. Project Playlist, Inc

Filing 1

Atlantic Recording Corporation et al v. Project Playlist, Inc

Doc. 1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK __________________________________________ ATLANTIC RECORDING CORPORATION; ) CAPITOL RECORDS, LLC; ELEKTRA ) Civil Action No. 08-CIV-3922-DC ENTERTAINMENT GROUP INC.; ) INTERSCOPE RECORDS; MOTOWN RECORD ) ECF CASE COMPANY, L.P.; PRIORITY RECORDS LLC; ) UMG RECORDINGS, INC.; ) COMPLAINT FOR VIRGIN RECORDS AMERICA, INC.; and ) DAMAGES AND WARNER BROS. RECORDS INC., ) INJUNCTIVE RELIEF ) Plaintiffs, ) v. ) ) PROJECT PLAYLIST, INC. ) ) Defendant. ) __________________________________________) Plaintiffs allege as follows: INTRODUCTION 1. Plaintiffs are leaders and innovators in the development, marketing, sales,

promotion, and distribution of recorded music around the world. Plaintiffs invest substantial sums of money, as well as time, effort, and creative talent, to discover and develop recording artists, and to create, advertise, promote, sell, and license phonorecords embodying the performances of their exclusive recording artists. Plaintiffs' extensive and diverse catalogs of music include well-known and legendary recording artists such as U2, Eminem, Elton John, The Beatles, The Beach Boys, Bon Jovi, Coldplay, and Sheryl Crow, to name but a few. 2. Defendant Project Playlist is the owner and operator of the website

http://www.projectplaylist.com. The Project Playlist website holds itself out as "an information location tool" that enables its users easily to "find, play and share" with others the "world of

Dockets.Justia.com

music" available on the Internet, "wherever and whenever [they] choose."1 In fact, as Defendant well knows, Project Playlist's exploitation of this "world of music" amounts to nothing more than an enormous infringement of Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings for Defendant's commercial gain. Project Playlist performs and reproduces Plaintiffs' valuable works (and induces and enables others to do so) without any authorization whatsoever and without paying any compensation whatsoever to Plaintiffs. And, by providing to the public the fruits of

Plaintiffs' investment of money, labor, experience and expertise, Defendant's illegal enterprise inflicts tremendous damage on Plaintiffs' business. 3. To accomplish its infringement, Project Playlist has compiled (and continues to

compile) a vast index of links to sound recordings that are hosted on third-party websites on the Internet as well as, in many cases, on Project Playlist's own computer servers. Users can quickly and easily search the index for recordings by their favorite artists. At the click of a mouse, Project Playlist instantly streams a digital performance of the selected recording to the user, who can listen to it on his or her computer or mobile device. Project Playlist also promotes a number of additional features, each of which is specially designed to expand Defendant's illegal exploitation of Plaintiffs' recordings to the greatest possible extent. Among other things, Project Playlist: (a) instructs users how to download permanent copies of recordings they find on the index; (b) induces users to upload infringing content to third-party sites and then add the associated link to Project Playlist's index; (c) encourages users to create "playlists" of favorite recordings for later use; and (d) shows users how to embed playlists on other websites, from which Plaintiffs' sound recordings are performed illegally for countless others. Indeed, Project

1

http://www.playlist.com/static/node/491.html. 2

Playlist's entire business model is premised on making Plaintiffs' copyrighted works available, for free, to anyone with a computer and a connection to the Internet. 4. Defendant is well aware that the overwhelming majority of the sound recordings

in its index are infringing, and that the overwhelming majority of the third-party websites that host these recordings do so illegally. Defendant also knows that its own hosting of the Plaintiffs' sound recordings is illegal. Nevertheless, Defendant aggressively touts its service as a legitimate enterprise when, in fact, Project Playlist's business is built on and supported by the infringement of Plaintiffs' copyrighted works. As is true of other Internet businesses, the greater the volume of users Project Playlist can attract, the greater its advertising revenue. Project Playlist therefore sets about to increase its user base and profits ­ all at Plaintiffs' expense ­ by portraying itself as an innovative way to find music on the Internet. However, theft is not innovation, and the Internet does not grant a license to steal. 5. In short, Defendant's entire business amounts to nothing more than a massive

infringement of Plaintiffs' exclusive rights under the Copyright Act and New York law. Plaintiffs thus bring this lawsuit to end Defendant's massive, ongoing infringement of their copyrights and to recover damages for the harm caused by Defendant's activities. Plaintiffs also seek a preliminary and permanent injunction to stop Defendant's brazen violation of Plaintiffs' rights. NATURE OF THE ACTION 6. This is a civil action seeking injunctive relief and damages for copyright

infringement under the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq., and for unfair competition and common law copyright infringement under New York law with respect to Plaintiffs' sound recordings fixed prior to February 15, 1972. Under Section 106 of the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C.

3

§ 101 et seq., Plaintiffs have the distinct, severable and exclusive rights to, among other things, reproduce and distribute their works to the public and to perform those works publicly by means of digital audio transmissions. 17 U.S.C. § 106. Under New York law, Plaintiffs also hold exclusive copyrights with respect to sound recordings fixed prior to February 15, 1972. 7. Plaintiffs seek statutory or actual damages for willful copyright infringement in

the maximum amounts allowed under Section 504 of the Copyright Act, as well as compensatory and punitive damages, and an accounting, a constructive trust, and disgorgement to remedy Defendant's violations of New York state law. JURISDICTION AND VENUE 8. The Court has subject matter jurisdiction over the Copyright Act claims pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a), and over the state law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1338(b) and 1367(a), as those claims relate to the same case or controversy. 9. The Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendant. Through its interactive

online services, Defendant enters into contracts and other arrangements with residents of New York. Performance of those contracts calls for the knowing and repeated transmission of

infringing copies of sound recordings over the Internet to and from New York residents. Moreover, Defendant's online services purposely and actively interact with computers located in New York, including those of the Plaintiffs. Defendant regularly solicits business in New York, including through ValueClick Media, an advertising sales agency with an office in New York, and derives substantial revenue from goods and services used in New York. conduct has caused and continues to cause injury to Plaintiffs in New York. 10. Venue is proper in this District pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391(b), (c), and (d). Defendant's

4

THE PLAINTIFFS AND THEIR BUSINESS 11. Plaintiffs are well-known record companies. They are in the business of

producing, manufacturing, distributing, selling, licensing, and facilitating the distribution and sale of sound recordings in the United States. The considerable artistic and technical quality of Plaintiffs' sound recordings is known in New York, and throughout both the United States and the world. 12. Plaintiff Atlantic Recording Corporation is a Delaware corporation with its

principal place of business in the State of New York. 13. Plaintiff Capitol Records, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company with its

principal place of business in the State of New York. 14. Plaintiff Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its

principal place of business in the State of New York. 15. Plaintiff Interscope Records is a California general partnership, with its principal

place of business in the State of California. 16. Plaintiff Motown Record Company, L.P. is a California limited partnership with

its principal place of business in the State of California. 17. Plaintiff Priority Records LLC is a Delaware limited liability company with its

principal place of business in the State of California. 18. Plaintiff UMG Recordings, Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal place

of business in the State of California. 19. Plaintiff Virgin Records America, Inc. is a California corporation with its

principal place of business in the State of New York.

5

20.

Plaintiff Warner Bros. Records Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal

place of business in the State of California. 21. Plaintiffs are the copyright owners or owners of exclusive rights (by way of

agreement) with respect to the vast majority of copyrighted sound recordings legitimately sold in the United States. Under the Copyright Act, Plaintiffs have the exclusive rights to, among other things, "reproduce the copyrighted work[s]," "distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work[s] to the public," and "perform the copyrighted work[s] publicly by means of a digital audio transmission," as well as to authorize or license such activities. 17 U.S.C. § 106. 22. Additionally, Plaintiffs have entered into various agreements by which they

obtained the common law copyright rights in sound recordings embodying certain performances that were initially "fixed" prior to February 15, 1972 (the "Pre-1972 Recordings"). These performances are subject to protection under state law rather than federal copyright law, and the Copyright Act cannot be used to "annul[] or limit[]" those rights until February 15, 2067." 17 U.S.C. § 301(c). Pursuant to these agreements and New York common law, Plaintiffs possess, among other things, the exclusive and complete rights to manufacture, reproduce, distribute, sell, and perform these recordings. 23. In addition to manufacturing, distributing, selling, and licensing phonorecords in

the form of CDs, cassettes, and other tangible media, Plaintiffs also sell, distribute, and license their sound recordings in the form of digital audio files delivered and performed via the Internet. Many online services provide non-interactive broadcasts of these sound recordings pursuant to a statutory license to do so, while still others ­ including Apple's iTunes, Rhapsody, AOL Music, and Yahoo! Music ­ provide these sound recordings for authorized consumer purchase pursuant to agreements that the services negotiated with Plaintiffs.

6

24.

Plaintiffs have invested and continue to invest significant money, time, effort, and

creative talent to discover and develop recording artists, and to create, manufacture, advertise, promote, sell, and license sound recordings embodying their performances. Plaintiffs, their recording artists, and others in the music industry are compensated for their creative efforts and monetary investments largely from the sale and distribution of their sound recordings to the public, and from other exploitation of such sound recordings, including the authorized online sale, distribution, and performances described above. 25. A non-exhaustive, illustrative list of Plaintiffs' federally copyrighted sound

recordings that Defendant illegally has reproduced, distributed, and performed for its users is attached hereto as Exhibit A. Plaintiffs have received Certificates of Copyright Registration from the Register of Copyrights for these copyrighted sound recordings. 26. A non-exhaustive, illustrative list of Pre-1972 Recordings in which Plaintiffs hold

exclusive rights under New York law and which Defendant illegally has reproduced, distributed, and performed for its users is attached hereto as Exhibit B. THE DEFENDANT AND ITS ILLEGAL BUSINESS 27. Defendant Project Playlist, Inc., is a California company with its primary place of

business in Beverly Hills, California. The company is privately held and, on information and belief, is at least in part owned by KR Capital Partners, LLC. Defendant has been operating http://www.projectplaylist.com since at least December 2006, and has become one of the most popular interactive streaming music sites on the Internet,2 with more than 600,000 daily active

2

http://gigaom.com/2007/09/26/project-playlist.

7

users,3 nearly 9.5 million average pageviews per day,4 and year-over-year user-base growth of more than 235% in 2007.5 The Project Playlist Website 28. Project Playlist describes itself as "an information location tool . . . devoted

entirely to the world of music."6 From its homepage, users can search for music by typing in an artist name, a song name, or a combination of both. Project Playlist then instantly displays dozens, if not hundreds or thousands, of sites ­ nearly all infringing ­ where recordings of the requested song or artist are available for streaming and downloading. The following screenshot is an example of such a list, which contains copyrighted sound recordings by the group U2, owned by Plaintiff UMG Recordings, Inc.:

3 4 5 6

http://www.adster.com/buy/panel.php?panel_id=10162. Id. http://siteanalytics.compete.com/projectplaylist.com?metric=uv. http://www.playlist.com/static/node/491.html. 8

29.

Project Playlist makes these works available by compiling an ever-expanding

index of links to music files hosted on websites on the Internet. Most of these music files are hosted by third parties that are neither copyright holders nor licensees. In many cases, Project Playlist hosts these music files on its own servers. 30. Project Playlist compiles its index of sound recordings in at least two ways. First,

Project Playlist has developed a "spider," which is a computer program that, at Project Playlist's direction and according to its specifications, browses the Internet and collects links to music files in a methodical, automated manner. "Spidering" is a purposeful and interactive process that involves sending information to and from Project Playlist's computer servers to other computer servers around the world, including in New York. The Project Playlist spider searches only for music files. Project Playlist programs its spider to collect these music files and add them to its index, even though it knows that, in the overwhelming majority of cases, neither Project Playlist nor the hosting sites located by its spider are authorized by the copyright owner to reproduce, distribute, or perform those works. 31. Second, Project Playlist supplements the infringing files found by its spider by

encouraging its users "to submit URLs to music files they find while browsing the Internet."7 Project Playlist is aware that most of these user-submitted URLs correspond to files that are illegally hosted. Indeed, the site's discussion board frequently is used as a clearinghouse for users to request that new infringing files be made available by other users.8 32. Project Playlist says on its website that it attempts to limit the reach of its spider

to websites that "meet reasonable criteria for having the legal right to post the music files," and
7 8

Id. See, e.g., http://www.playlist.com/forum/general/topic/2228004 ("Request").

9

that it tells users "to add only those hyperlinks to music files that they reasonably believe are hosted legally."9 But whatever it claims publicly, even the most cursory review of the Project Playlist index reveals that it is composed primarily of links to sites that have no legal right to perform the music files they host. Project Playlist is well aware of this fact, but it nevertheless advertises all of the content available on its index as "free music."10 33. Once a sound recording appears on the index, Project Playlist will perform the

work ­ at the click of the Play ( ) button ­ through the proprietary music player built into its website. Project Playlist also is compatible with other music players, such as Windows Media Player, Real Media Player, and Winamp.11 On information and belief, this "open system" design causes sound recordings to be copied from their original format into other formats before being rendered audible. 34. In addition to performing sound recordings, Project Playlist enables and

encourages the reproduction and distribution of infringing material. Every search result returned by Project Playlist displays and provides a link (denoted as "visit site") to the web address where the content is hosted, so that users easily (and illegally) can download a permanent copy of the infringing content for later, off-line use. Defendant also has enabled and invited users to

"podcast" sound recordings found on the Project Playlist index. "Podcasting" is a simple, pushof-the-button mechanism for downloading content, and is of particular concern in the context of

9

http://www.playlist.com/static/node/491.html. Id. Id.

10 11

10

illicit file-sharing because of "its ability to be syndicated, subscribed to, and downloaded automatically when new content is added."12 35. Project Playlist encourages its users to create personal accounts, though such

accounts are not required in order to search for, perform, or download infringing content. These personal accounts require users to enter into a contractual agreement that allows access to additional features of the Project Playlist website. On information and belief, many of these account holders are located in New York. One feature made available to account holders is the ability to create and store personal "playlists," which are collections of links to music files located on websites on the Internet. Project Playlist characterizes this feature "as a process of bookmarking `favorites,'" which then are available for repeated, free and unauthorized future listening.13 Here is a sample playlist, constructed of a handful of Plaintiffs' copyrighted works available through Project Playlist:

36.

Project Playlist also invites account holders to "embed" their playlists on social

networking sites like MySpace, Facebook, and Blogger. Defendant seeks to capitalize on the
12 13

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting. http://www.playlist.com/static/node/491.html.

11

massive user bases of these sites ­ MySpace alone already had 22 million users in July 200514 ­ to increase its own user base and, by extension, its corporate valuation. As Defendant explains, by embedding their playlists on a webpage, users "can listen to the playlist and thus the remotely located media files wherever and whenever [they] choose."15 37. Project Playlist also copies to its own servers thousands (if not millions) of the

music files identified on its search index, so that it can perform those works to its users more easily.16 This process of creating server copies ensures that Project Playlist's users will be able to hear requested recordings instantaneously upon demand, regardless of any service limitations that may exist on the third-party site that originally hosted the files. By making and maintaining copies of sound recordings on its own servers (which itself involves illegal reproductions), Project Playlist thus increases its technical ability to engage in illegal performances of Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings. 38. Recognizing that the increased availability of wireless broadband service creates a

vast potential new market, Project Playlist also has begun optimizing its site for use on iPhones and iPods,17 as the screenshot below demonstrates. By making its site compatible with iPods and similar music players, Project Playlist further undermines demand for legitimate sales and licensing arrangements.

14 15 16 17

http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2005/tc20050729_0719_tc057.htm. http://www.playlist.com/static/node/491.html (emphasis added). http://www.playlist.com/static/node/495.html. http://www.playlist.com/node/16067100. 12

. 39. Defendant's domain name ­ projectplaylist.com ­ is linked inseparably to Defendant has marketed and promoted its brand and domain name such The name

Defendant's piracy.

that they are now well known among Defendant's target consumer audience.

ProjectPlaylist.com has become synonymous with free music, almost all of which infringes the true owners' copyrights. The name ProjectPlaylist.com is thus part and parcel of Defendant's infringing scheme, and its prominence among Internet users greatly exacerbates the harm to Plaintiffs. Project Playlist's Infringement of Plaintiffs' Copyrights 40. Project Playlist infringes Plaintiffs' copyrights, both directly and secondarily.

Project Playlist intentionally selects particular sound recordings and creates and stores copies of them on its computer servers without authorization. Project Playlist also makes, and purposely facilitates the making of, unauthorized reproductions of Plaintiffs' sound recordings. 41. Similarly, by purposely displaying and providing a link to the websites where

infringing recordings are hosted (which, by its terms, expressly encourages the user to "visit site"), Project Playlist induces, contributes to, and profits from, the illegal reproduction committed by many of its users when they download the recordings from those sites. A

discussion forum on the Project Playlist site points users to an instructional video on YouTube

13

that provides step-by-step instructions for engaging in these unauthorized downloads.18 Another instructional video ­ appropriately labeled "Project Playlist ­ Free Music" ­ lauds the fact that Defendant makes no attempt to mask the location of the files that it streams.19 42. Moreover, Defendant induces, contributes to, and profits from, the illegal

reproduction that occurs through its "podcast" feature, which (until recently) allowed full playlists of music ­ that is, up to one hundred songs at a time ­ to be downloaded illegally at the push of a single button. Although Project Playlist removed the podcasting button from its site in November 2007, the feature remains fully functional: Both a user discussion forum hosted on Project Playlist,20 as well as another instructional video on YouTube (this one titled "ProjectPlaylist Podcast No Longer Available . . . Till Now"),21 instruct users on how to reenable the illicit downloading feature with minimal effort. 43. In addition to making, and facilitating the making of, unauthorized reproductions

of Plaintiffs' sound recordings Defendant also performs, and purposely facilitates the performance of, Plaintiffs' copyrighted works without authorization. As Project Playlist itself explains, when a user "initiate[s] the linking process from projectplaylist.com, the song appears to play through [the Project Playlist] site."22 Project Playlist thus itself infringes Plaintiffs' exclusive performance right whenever it streams one of Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings

18

See http://www.playlist.com/forum/general/topic/2180772 (citing http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=OzbfwYGxLVo). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIg7rhmar58. http://www.projectplaylist.com/forum/general/topic/2015844. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSJBmBDGrOw. http://www.playlist.com/static/node/491.html.

19 20 21 22

14

to a user.

Defendant also has actual and constructive knowledge that it links users to

unauthorized third-party sites so that users can initiate infringing performances of Plaintiffs' copyrighted works. 44. Evidence of Defendant's actual and constructive knowledge that it links to

infringing sites is overwhelming, as demonstrated not only by Defendant's admission that it "may link to some music files that infringe the copyright owner's copyright interest in that file,"23 but also by the results returned by its search engine. As Defendant knows, many of the URLs that appear on the index represent sites that obviously are hosted by students (typically at .edu web addresses) or else are sites commonly known to host infringing content (such as www.rapidshare.com). There also are numerous discussions in Project Playlist's "forum" about the massive amount of infringing content that is available on Project Playlist. 45. Defendant does not link to this infringing content inadvertently. As the

screenshot below demonstrates, instructional material created by Project Playlist's employees helps users to find material that is obviously copyrighted. In fact, those same employees

publicly display their own use of Defendant's website to find and stream infringing material:

23

http://images.projectplaylist.com/static/node/147435.html. 15

46.

Defendant's search engine also provides a "Did you mean" feature so that

common misspellings of popular, copyrighted works will not prevent users from enjoying Project Playlist's voluminous catalogue of infringing materials. The following screenshot ­ created by entering a common misspelling of Interscope Records artist Gwen Stefani ­ illustrates this capability, as well as Defendant's knowledge that its website is used to conduct and facilitate the performance of copyrighted sound recordings without authorization:

47.

Finally, Defendant infringes Plaintiffs' exclusive distribution rights in their sound

recordings by inducing and instructing its users to upload infringing content to third-party

websites, so that it can be indexed and streamed by Project Playlist.24 Defendant even provides a "forum" designed to teach its users ­ including users in New York ­ how to accomplish such illegal distribution of Plaintiffs' copyrighted works. 48. Defendant commits all these acts of infringement, notwithstanding that it has the

capability to distinguish which content is legally hosted on third-party sites and which is not. If it chose to do so, Defendant easily could stop or limit infringement simply by filtering the content it indexes. Instead, Defendant intentionally makes all content available to users, Defendant refrains from filtering out infringing works precisely

regardless of its legality.

because doing so would dramatically decrease the content available to users, thereby undermining Defendant's illegitimate business model. Defendant's wide-scale infringement drives its user base, which in turn drives advertising revenues and the company's valuation. 49. Defendant's unlawful reproduction, distribution and performance of hundreds of

thousands of Plaintiffs' copyrighted works has harmed, and will continue to harm, Plaintiffs. If Defendant's users can listen on-demand to any sound recording they want for free, they will have little or no incentive to purchase authorized digital copies of those sound recordings or patronize other streaming music sites that pay for their streaming licenses. Defendant's services thus have acted and will continue to act as a substitute that displaces significant numbers of legitimate sales and licensing agreements. 50. Defendant's disregard for Plaintiffs' rights has been reaffirmed repeatedly over

the previous few months. On at least six occasions since October 4, 2007, Plaintiffs' authorized representative has given Defendant notice, pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3), of its infringing

See, e.g., http://www.playlist.com/forum/support/topic/2223204 (assistance provided by Project Playlist staff member); http://www.playlist.com/forum/support/topic/2226820 (assistance provided by another user). 17

24

behavior, notwithstanding the fact that Defendant was already fully aware of the infringing activity, which is readily apparent to anyone who visits the Project Playlist site. In some cases, Defendant has failed to act in response to these notices and in others has done so only after lengthy periods of inaction. COUNT ONE (Direct Infringement in Violation of 17 U.S.C. §§ 106 and 501) 51. 52. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as if set forth herein. Defendant, without permission or consent of Plaintiffs, makes unauthorized

reproductions of Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings, and engages in unauthorized performances including but not limited to those copyrighted sound recordings listed in Exhibit A hereto. Such reproduction and performance constitutes infringement of Plaintiffs' registered copyrights and the exclusive rights under copyright in violation of 17 U.S.C. §§ 106(1), 106(6). 53. By rendering audible copyrighted sound recordings, Defendant, without

permission or consent of Plaintiffs, engages in unauthorized public performances by means of digital audio transmissions. Such public performances constitute infringement of Plaintiffs' registered copyrights and the exclusive rights under copyright in violation of 17 U.S.C. § 106(6). 54. The infringement of Plaintiffs' rights in each of their copyrighted sound

recordings constitutes a separate and distinct act of infringement. 55. Defendant's acts of infringement are willful, intentional and purposeful, in

disregard of and indifferent to the rights of Plaintiffs. 56. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant's infringement of Plaintiffs'

copyrights and exclusive rights under copyright, Plaintiffs are entitled to the maximum statutory damages, pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504(c), in the amount of $150,000 with respect to each work

18

infringed, or such other amounts as may be proper under 17 U.S.C. § 504(c). In the alternative, at Plaintiffs' election pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504(b), Plaintiffs are entitled to their actual damages, including Defendant's profits from infringement, in amounts to be proven at trial. 57. Plaintiffs are entitled to their costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, pursuant

to 17 U.S.C. § 505. 58. Defendant's conduct is causing, and, unless enjoined by this Court, will continue

to cause Plaintiffs great and irreparable injury that cannot fully be compensated or measured in money. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law. Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 502, Plaintiffs are entitled to a preliminary injunction and a permanent injunction prohibiting infringement of Plaintiffs' copyrights and exclusive rights under copyright. COUNT TWO (Secondary Infringement in Violation of 17 U.S.C. §§ 106(1), 106(3), 106(6), and 501) 59. 60. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as if set forth herein. As detailed above, users of and sites associated with Defendant's website and

software are engaged in repeated and pervasive infringement of Plaintiffs' exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute and publicly perform their copyrighted recordings. Such acts of

infringement include not only the illegal performances made by many sites to which Project Playlist links, 17 U.S.C. § 106(6), but also the uploading of copyrighted material to third-party sites in which Defendant encourages its users to engage, 17 U.S.C. § 106(3). 61. Defendant is liable under the Copyright Act for inducing the infringing acts of the

users of its website and software. Defendant operates its website and distributes its software with the object of promoting their use to infringe Plaintiffs' copyrights.

19

62.

Defendant's inducement of copyright infringement is obvious from, among other

things: (a) Defendant's attempt to attract users by assembling an easily searchable library of recordings consisting overwhelmingly of infringing content available for easy streaming and downloading on any device with access to the Internet; (b) instructional material posted by Defendant itself that provides step-by-step instructions for both uploading and finding infringing material; (c) the many statements and features on Defendant's website that encourage and facilitate copyright infringement by Defendant's users, among them the "podcasting" feature and a forum wherein users can request and exchange information about infringing content that will ultimately be linked to by Project Playlist; (d) Defendant's repeated assurances to users that its site is entirely legal despite actual knowledge otherwise; and (e) Defendant's effort to increase its audience and thereby generate advertising revenue by offering users the ability to stream and download infringing content for free. 63. Defendant knowingly and intentionally entices, persuades, and causes users of its

website and software to reproduce, distribute, and publicly perform Plaintiffs' sound recordings, including but not limited to those sound recordings listed in Exhibit A hereto, in violation of Plaintiffs' copyrights. 64. Through these activities, among others, Defendant knowingly and intentionally

takes steps that are substantially certain to result in direct infringement of Plaintiffs' sound recordings, including but not limited to those sound recordings listed in Exhibit A hereto, in violation of Plaintiffs' copyrights. 65. Despite its knowledge that infringing material is made available to users by means

of Project Playlist, Defendant has failed to take reasonable steps to minimize the infringing capabilities of its site.

20

66.

Defendant is liable as a contributory copyright infringer for the infringing acts of

users of its website and software. Defendant has actual and constructive knowledge of both the infringing activity of the sites to which it links and the infringing activity of its users. Defendant knowingly causes and otherwise materially contributes to these unauthorized reproductions, distributions, and public performances of Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings, including but not limited to those sound recordings listed in Exhibit A hereto, in numerous ways. Among these acts of material contribution are Defendant's search engine, its "Did you mean" function, its discussion forum, complete with employee responses and links to off-site instructional videos that provides detailed guides to infringement, and the "podcast" function. 67. Defendant is vicariously liable for the infringing acts of users of its website and

software. Defendant has the right and ability to supervise and control the infringing activities that occur through the use of its website and software, and at all relevant times has derived a direct financial benefit from the infringement of Plaintiffs' copyrights. Defendant has refused to take any meaningful action to prevent the widespread infringement by its users. Defendant is therefore vicariously liable for the unauthorized reproduction, distribution, and public performance of Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings, including but not limited to those sound recordings listed in Exhibit A hereto. 68. The infringement of Plaintiffs' rights in each of their copyrighted sound

recordings constitutes a separate and distinct act of infringement. 69. Defendant's acts of infringement are willful, intentional and purposeful, in

disregard of and indifferent to the rights of Plaintiffs. 70. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant's infringement of Plaintiffs'

copyrights and exclusive rights under copyright, Plaintiffs are entitled to the maximum statutory

21

damages, pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504(c), in the amount of $150,000 with respect to each work infringed, or such other amounts as may be proper under 17 U.S.C. § 504(c). In the alternative, at Plaintiffs' election pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504(b), Plaintiffs are entitled to their actual damages, including Defendant's profits from infringement, in amounts to be proven at trial. 71. Plaintiffs are entitled to their costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, pursuant

to 17 U.S.C. § 505. 72. Defendant's conduct is causing, and, unless enjoined by this Court, will continue

to cause Plaintiffs great and irreparable injury that cannot fully be compensated or measured in money. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law. Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 502, Plaintiffs are entitled to a preliminary injunction and a permanent injunction prohibiting infringement of Plaintiffs' copyrights and exclusive rights under copyright. COUNT THREE (Common Law Copyright Infringement of Pre-1972 Recordings) 73. 74. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as if set forth herein. The Pre-1972 Recordings are subject to common law copyright protection under

New York law. As the owners of valid common law copyrights in the Pre-1972 Recordings, Plaintiffs possess the exclusive rights to sell, copy, distribute, and perform these recordings. 75. Plaintiffs have not granted or licensed to Defendant the right to copy, distribute,

or perform the Pre-1972 Recordings in any manner, including by digital transmission. Defendant's creation and dissemination of unauthorized copies of the Pre-1972 Recordings, including but not limited to those recordings listed in Exhibit B hereto, therefore constitutes infringement of Plaintiffs' common law copyrights in the Pre-1972 Recordings.

22

76.

As a direct and proximate result of Defendant's deliberate, wanton, and willful

copyright violations, Plaintiffs have suffered damages in amounts to be proven at trial. Plaintiffs are entitled to compensatory damages as well as punitive damages. 77. Defendant's conduct is causing, and, unless enjoined by this Court, will continue

to cause Plaintiffs irreparable injury that cannot be fully compensated or measured in money damages. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law and are entitled to injunctive relief

prohibiting Defendant from further violating Plaintiffs' rights in the Pre-1972 Recordings. COUNT FOUR (Unfair Competition as to Pre-1972 Recordings) 78. 79. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as if set forth herein. Defendant has usurped for itself the fruits of Plaintiffs' financial and creative

investments. Defendant is profiting from the results of Plaintiffs' expenditures and skill without having to incur any expense or risk of its own in relation to the Pre-1972 Recordings. 80. Defendant's acts constitute a misappropriation of the rights of Plaintiffs in and to

the Pre-1972 Recordings, and constitute misappropriation and unfair competition under New York law. 81. As a direct and proximate result of defendant's conduct, the plaintiffs are entitled

to recover all proceeds and other compensation received or to be received by Defendant arising from Defendant's infringements of Plaintiffs' rights to the Pre-1972 Recordings. Plaintiffs are entitled to an accounting to ascertain the amount of such profits and compensation. 82. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant's misappropriation and unfair

competition, Plaintiffs have been damaged, and Defendant has been unjustly enriched, in amounts to be proven at trial. Plaintiffs are entitled to compensatory damages and/or restitution

23

and disgorgement, including the imposition on Defendant of a constructive trust for the benefit of Plaintiffs, and an order requiring Defendant to convey to Plaintiffs all gross receipts and benefits received or to be received that are attributable to infringement of the Pre-1972 Recordings. 83. Defendant's violations are wanton and willful, and Plaintiffs are entitled to

punitive damages in addition to their actual damages. 84. Defendant's conduct is causing, and, unless enjoined by this Court, will continue

to cause Plaintiffs irreparable injury that cannot be fully compensated or measured in money damages. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law and are entitled to injunctive relief

prohibiting Defendant from further violating Plaintiffs' rights in the Pre-1972 Recordings. WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs pray for judgment against Defendant as follows: (a) for a declaration that Defendant, both directly and secondarily, willfully infringes

Plaintiffs' copyrights, and engages in unfair competition and other violations of New York law; (b) as to Counts One through Four, for such equitable relief under Titles 17 and 28 as

is necessary to prevent or restrain infringement of Plaintiffs' copyrights, including a preliminary injunction and a permanent injunction requiring that Defendant and its officers, agents, servants, employees, attorneys, and others in active concert or participation with each or any of them, (i) cease infringing, or causing, enabling, facilitating, encouraging, promoting and inducing or participating in the infringement of, any of Plaintiffs' copyrights or exclusive rights protected by the Copyright Act or common law, whether now in existence or hereafter created; and (ii) surrender, and cease to use, the domain name of www.projectplaylist.com unless and until Defendant satisfies the Court that Defendant has ceased to infringe Plaintiffs' copyrighted sound recordings;

24

(c)

as to Counts One and Two, for statutory damages pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504(c),

in amounts to be proven at trial, arising from Defendant's violations of Plaintiffs' rights under the Copyright Act or, in the alternative, at Plaintiffs' election pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504(b), Plaintiffs' actual damages, including Defendant's profits from infringement, in amounts to be proven at trial; (d) as to Counts Three and Four, for compensatory and punitive damages in amounts

to be proven at trial; (e) as to Count Four, for an accounting, the imposition of a constructive trust, and

restitution and disgorgement of Defendant's unlawful proceeds and benefits obtained by its misappropriation and unfair competition; (f) for Plaintiffs' costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, pursuant to 17 U.S.C. §

505 and otherwise; (g) (h) for prejudgment and post-judgment interest; and for such other relief as the Court may deem just and proper.

25

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Eva A. Temkin____________________ Gary A. Orseck (application for admission pro hac vice pending) Alison C. Barnes (application for admission pro hac vice pending) Ariel Lavinbuk (application for admission pending) Eva A. Temkin ROBBINS, RUSSELL, ENGLERT, ORSECK, UNTEREINER & SAUBER LLP 1801 K Street, N.W., Suite 411 Washington, DC 20006 Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] [e-mail] Counsel for Plaintiffs Dated: April 28, 2008

26

Exhibit A

Plaintiff Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Atlantic Recording Corporation Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc.

Artist Bad Religion Beth Hart Collective Soul Hootie & The Blowfish INXS Jewel Kevin Lyttle Kid Rock MC Lyte OPM P.O.D. Phil Collins Sean Paul Sister Sledge Sugar Ray Yes Yes Beastie Boys Beastie Boys Billy Idol Blondie Chingy Coldplay Coldplay Everclear Everclear Grand Funk Railroad Heart Jane's Addiction Joss Stone Keith Urban Keith Urban Kim Wilde Kylie Minogue Lisa Marie Presley Liz Phair Megadeth Trace Adkins Vanilla Ice Westside Connection Yellowcard Alana Davis Bjork

Song Title New America Mama Perfect Day Let Her Cry Never Tear Us Apart Pieces of You Turn Me On Cold and Empty Ruffneck Brighter Side Boom Long Long Way to Go Get Busy We Are Family Fly Love Will Find a Way Owner of a Lonely Heart Hey Ladies Flute Loop Cradle of Love Heart of Glass Right Thurr God Put a Smile Upon Your Face Speed Of Sound Father of Mine Santa Monica Some Kind of Wonderful All I Wanna Do Is Make Love to You True Nature Less Is More Better Life You're Not Alone Tonight Kids In America Fever Lights Out Everything to Me Hangar 18 Honky Tonk Badonkadonk Ice Ice Baby Terrorist Threats Back Home 32 Flavors Bachelorette

Album Title The New America Screamin' For My Supper Blender Cracked Rear View Kick Pieces of You Kevin Lyttle Kid Rock Ain't No Other Menace To Sobriety Satellite No Jacket Required Dutty Rock We Are Family Floored Love Will Find a Way (single) Owner of a Lonely Heart (single) Paul's Boutique Ill Communication Charmed Life Parallel Lines Jackpot A Rush of Blood to the Head Speed of Sound (single) So Much for the Afterglow Sparkle And Fade All the Girls in the World Beware!!! Brigade Strays Mind Body & Soul Be Here Golden Road Kim Wilde Fever To Whom It May Concern Everything to Me (single) Rust In Peace Songs About Me To The Extreme Terrorist Threats Ocean Avenue Blame it on Me Homogenic

SR 284-353 271-297 303-603 193-960 85-232 198-481 368-171 352-774 168-042 303-751 303-757 60-788 352-634 6-182 208-769 84-690 50-667 154-345 213-461 115-717 4-090 343-105 322-958 376-817 181-328 279-015 N-20414 114-803 333-443 539-917 353-271 323-344 33-474 322-960 330-007 375-882 125-168 361-541 125-259 350-349 343-413 245-201 245-199

Plaintiff Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Interscope Records Motown Record Company, L.P. Motown Record Company, L.P. Motown Record Company, L.P. Motown Record Company, L.P. Priority Records LLC Priority Records LLC UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc.

Artist Brand Nubian Eagles Jackson Browne Jason Mraz Keith Sweat Nada Surf Staind The Cars The Cure The Cure The Prodigy Third Eye Blind Tracy Chapman Vast Ween Black Eyed Peas Eminem Limp Bizkit Limp Bizkit Mya Nine Inch Nails No Doubt No Doubt No Doubt Puddle of Mudd Ruff Ryders The Wallflowers Boyz II Men Brian McKnight Lionel Richie Marvin Gaye Ice Cube Snoop Dogg 3 Doors Down 50 Cent Aerosmith Aerosmith Aerosmith Aerosmith Aqua Audioslave Beck Beck

Song Title Punks Jump Up to Get Beat Down Hotel California For America Curbside Prophet Nobody Popular So Far Away Let's Go A Letter to Elise Just Like Heaven Out Of Space An Ode to Maybe Fast Car Free Bananas And Blow Lil' Lil' Mockingbird Behind Blue Eyes No Sex If You Were Mine Closer Bathwater Just A Girl Underneath It All Blurry Down Bottom One Headlight Song For Mama Back At One Stuck on You Let's Get It On You Can Do It The One and Only Landing In London In da Club Amazing Angel Dude (Looks Like A Lady) Livin' on the Edge Lollipop Your Time Has Come Debra Earthquake Weather

Album Title In God We Trust Hotel California Lives In The Balance Waiting for My Rocket to Come Keith Sweat High/Low 14 Shades of Grey Let's Go (single) Wish Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me Experience Blue Fast Car (single) Music For People White Pepper Bridging The Gap Encore Results May Vary Significant Other Mya The Downward Spiral Return Of Saturn Tragic Kingdom Rock Steady Come Clean Ryde Or Die Compilation Volume 1 Bringing Down The Horse Evolution Back At One (single) Can't Slow Down Let's Get It On (single) War & Peace: Vol. 2 Paid Tha Cost To Be Da Bo$$ Seventeen Days In Da Club (single) Get A Grip Permanent Vacation Dude (Looks Like a Lady) (single) Livin' on the Edge (single) Aquarium Out Of Exile Midnite Vultures Guero

SR 152-095 N38950 69-519 357-729 226-496 225-933 332-424 10-639 148-543 82-714 168-434 278-241 90-386 267-227 281-379 214-650 364-769 346-261 279-827 255-973 190-639 279-727 206-724 305-872 301-465 179-239 221-889 240-088 280-025 49-235 N7555 287-151 324-295 368-870 323-562 153-061 85-369 87-670 152-755 243-903 373-489 276-479 372-955

Plaintiff UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc.

Artist Black Eyed Peas Black Eyed Peas Blink-182 Blink-182 Blink-182 Blue October Bon Jovi Bon Jovi Boyzone Common Counting Crows Def Leppard DMX Elton John Fall Out Boy Flaw George Strait Godsmack Godsmack Guns N Roses Guns N Roses Gwen Stefani Hinder Hoobastank Ja Rule Jay-Z Jay-Z Jimmy Buffett Jimmy Buffett Joe Budden Kanye West Keane Kem Lifehouse Mariah Carey Melissa Etheridge Nelly Nelly Furtado New Found Glory U2 U2 U2 U2

Song Title Let's Get Retarded My Humps Down First Date Going Away to College Hate Me Who Says You Can't Go Home You Give Love a Bad Name No Matter What Chi-City Colorblind Gods of War Angel Candle in the Wind Dance, Dance Payback Cowboys Like Us I Stand Alone Sick Of Life November Rain Welcome to the Jungle Crash Better Than Me The Reason Mesmerize December 4th So Ghetto Changes In Latitude, Changes In Attitude Jamaica Farewell She Wanna Know Jesus Walks Somewhere Only We Know Heaven All In All Shake It Off Bring Me Some Water Pimp Juice Maneater All Downhill From Here Bullet The Blue Sky Drowning Man In A Little While Sometimes You Can't Make It On Your Own

Album Title Elephunk Monkey Business Blink-182 Take Off Your Pants And Jacket Enema of the State Foiled Have a Nice Day Slippery When Wet Where We Belong Be This Desert Life Hysteria ...And Then There Was X Goodbye Yellow Brick Road From Under The Cork Tree Through The Eyes Honkytonkville Faceless Awake Use Your Illusion I Appetite for Destruction Love.Angel.Music.Baby. Extreme Behavior The Reason The Last Temptation The Black Album Do It Again (Put Ya Hands Up) (single) Changes In Latitude, Changes In Attitude Feeding Frenzy Joe Budden College Dropout Hopes and Fears Album II Lifehouse The Emancipation of Mimi Melissa Etheridge Nellyville Loose Cataylst The Joshua Tree War All That You Can't Leave Behind How To Dismantle An Atomic Bomb

SR 334-398 378-166 345-359 301-317 279-826 388-117 382-027 71-794 181-155 377-106 271-316 90-420 279-017 N10950 371-909 303-118 333-733 329-097 293-376 134-647 85-358 364-759 379-192 339-555 322-388 337-758 279-081 N39665 124-218 334-117 347-391 355-429 365-756 370-643 370-795 85-587 315-537 387-509 356-117 78-949 42-944 294-631 362-201

Plaintiff UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Virgin Records America, Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc.

Artist Vanessa Carlton Vince Gill Weezer Weezer Weezer Whitesnake Yeah Yeah Yeahs Young Jeezy Afroman A Perfect Circle A Perfect Circle Ben Harper Ben Harper Blur Fountains of Wayne Gang Starr Gorillaz Kelis Smashing Pumpkins Smashing Pumpkins The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones UB40 A-Ha Barenaked Ladies Barenaked Ladies Big & Rich Blake Shelton Depeche Mode Disturbed Disturbed Disturbed Eric Clapton Fleetwood Mac Fourplay Green Day John Michael Montgomery Linkin Park Linkin Park Madness Madonna Morrissey My Chemical Romance

Song Title A Thousand Miles Go Rest High on That Mountain Beverly Hills December Tired Of Sex Here I Go Again Y Control Bottom Of The Map Hush Imagine The Noose Burn to Shine By My Side Song 2 Hey Julie Rite Where U Stand Dare Suspended Bullet With Butterfly Wings Mayonaise Miss You Waiting on a Friend Can't Help Falling In Love Take On Me One Week The Old Apartment Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy) Nobody But Me Never Let Me Down Again Darkness Deify Stricken Hoochie Coochie Man Dreams Magic Carpet Ride Macy's Day Parade Letters from Home From the Inside One Step Closer One Step Beyond Don't Cry For Me Argentina Suedehead I'm Not Okay (I Promise)

Album Title A Thousand Miles (single) When Love Finds You Beverly Hills (single) Maladroit Pinkerton Whitesnake Fever to Tell Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101 The Good Times Emotive Thirteenth Step Burn To Shine Fight For Your Mind Blur Welcome, Interstate Managers The Ownerz Demon Days Kaleidoscope Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness Siamese Dream Some Girls No Security Promises And Lies Hunting High and Low Stunt Born on a Pirate Ship Horse of a Different Color Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill Music For The Masses Believe Ten Thousand Fists Stricken (single) From The Cradle Rumours Elixir Warning Letters From Home Meteora Hybrid Theory One Step Beyond Evita Viva Hate Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge

SR 306-656 190-152 377-899 316-397 226-562 82-749 332-650 375-159 301-429 375-835 341-312 273-400 210-135 231-938 335-616 337-281 379-135 277-087 183-904 169-635 1-522 262-974 186-039 63-603 257-724 261-190 354-900 359-309 87-111 316-958 380-289 380-288 199-841 N39857 169-234 288-352 356-591 346-247 288-402 16-959 229-813 90-903 360-197

Plaintiff Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc. Warner Bros. Records Inc.

Artist Nina Gordon Trapt Van Halen Van Halen Wilco Wilco ZZ Top ZZ Top ZZ Top

Song Title Fade To Black Echo Jump Not Enough Forget the Flowers How to Fight Loneliness Cheap Sunglasses Rough Boy Sharp Dressed Man

Album Title Tonight and the Rest of My Life Trapt Jump (single) Balance Being There Summerteeth Deguello Afterburner Eliminator

SR 285-809 317-667 53-832 206-396 229-793 263-434 13-884 66-959 45-132

Exhibit B

Plaintiff Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Capitol Records, LLC Motown Record Company, L.P. UMG Recordings, Inc. UMG Recordings, Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc. Elektra Entertainment Group Inc.

Artist Beatles Beatles Beatles Jackson 5 The Mamas And The Papas James Brown The Doors The Doors The Doors

Song Title Revolution You've Got To Hide Your Love Away All My Loving ABC California Dreamin' I Got You (I Feel Good) L.A. Woman Roadhouse Blues People Are Strange