The Authors Guild, Inc. et al v. Hathitrust et al

Filing 104

DECLARATION of Neil R. Smalheiser in Support re: 100 MOTION for Summary Judgment.. Document filed by Hathitrust. (Petersen, Joseph)

KILPATRICK TOWNSEND & STOCKTON LLP
Joseph Petersen (JP 9071)
Robert Potter (RP 5757)
1114 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10036
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Joseph M. Beck (admitted pro hac vice)
W. Andrew Pequignot (admitted pro hac vice)
Allison Scott Roach (admitted pro hac vice)
1100 Peachtree Street, Suite 2800
Atlanta, Georgia 30309-4530
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Attorneys for Defendants
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

DECLARATION OF NEIL R. SMALHEISER IN SUPPORT OF
DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
I, Neil R. Smalheiser, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746, hereby declare as follows:
1.

Since August, 1996, I have been a faculty member in the Department of

Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, in which I teach courses and conduct research on
neuroscience and information science. Currently I am Associate Professor with Tenure. I submit
this declaration in support of the defendant libraries’ (the “Libraries”) motion for summary
judgment. Unless otherwise noted, I make this declaration based upon my own personal
knowledge.
2.

I received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics from the University of Iowa

in 1974 and received my MD-PhD in Medicine and Neuroscience from the Albert Einstein
College of Medicine in 1982.

3.

I have worked in the field of text mining since 1991. “Text mining” is the use of

technology to identify and extract new pieces of information from the enormous amount of
knowledge available in large bodies of text. While text generally is written for people to read,
text mining does not involve reading the text; instead, it uses text in digital form as data to be
analyzed and processed through algorithms, which are sets of instructions or rules applied—
usually by a computer—to compute a result.
4.

Text mining can be applied to many different types of uses, such as retrieving and

classifying documents; identifying new, interesting or particularly controversial findings; or
identifying new emerging trends. In different contexts, the techniques of text-mining can be put
to a variety of uses, including identifying influential experts (thought leaders) in a particular
subject, predicting civil unrest in third world countries, or tracking the emergence of infectious
disease outbreaks or terrorist cells.
5.

A simple example of these many uses of text mining is as follows: Assume a

historian discovers an unpublished manuscript of a play written in absurdist style—he suspects
that it may have been written by Edward Albee or Harold Pinter. A text mining approach to this
question might be tackled by collecting all of the known works of Edward Albee digitally and
tabulating all of the words and phrases and punctuation marks used therein. Besides counting
their individual frequencies, they can also be classified in different aggregate ways—e.g.,
counting the frequencies of proper names, active verbs, mentions of geographical locations, or
calculating the average difficulty of the text in terms of the grade level required to understand it.
This creates an overall profile of Edward Albee, and the same can be done for the known works
of Harold Pinter. The profile of the unpublished manuscript is compared to the profiles of
Edward Albee and Harold Pinter—if it is very similar to Albee and not to Pinter, this would

provide evidence that Albee is the likely author. If not very similar to either, this would suggest
that some other author entirely may be responsible for writing it.
6.

In fact, I understand that a professor at Vassar College, Donald Wayne Foster,

used a form of text mining to identify Joe Klein as the writer of “Primary Colors,” a thinly veiled
exposé of President Clinton’s 1992 run to the presidency which was originally published
anonymously.
7.

As I will discuss in more detail below, my personal experience in text mining has

mostly been in the biomedical field. However, text mining processes and methods could be
employed to conduct research over digital textual material of virtually any subject matter to
discover new relationships, trends, correlations, and other information that may not be
recognized through manually reading the texts, or that may only become apparent upon analysis
of such a vast dataset that it would be virtually impossible to realize through reading.
8.

I have published more than 90 peer-reviewed publications, of which more than 20

concern text mining. I have received five research grants for text mining from the National
Institutes of Health (NIH) and private foundations. I have been a member of the program
committee of many international conferences on medical informatics, am a member of eight
journal editorial boards, and have been in leadership roles in prominent professional societies
including the American Medical Informatics Association, Association for Computing
Machinery, American Society of Information Science and Technology, and Society for
Neuroscience. I have served on numerous grant review panels for NIH and the National Science
Foundation (NSF). Attached as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of my most recent
curriculum vitae.

9.

I have been asked by Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP to describe certain of

the types of research that can be performed using a digital repository of works such as the
repository of works offered by the Libraries through the HathiTrust Digital Library (“HDL”).
10.

In working on this assignment, to date, I have read and/or referred to the

HathiTrust website at hathitrust.org.
The Emerging Field of Text Mining
11.

The studies of one of my mentors, Dr. Don Swanson, during the period 1986 to

1993 were an early impetus for the development of automated text mining research processes
and their application in the biomedical field. Dr. Swanson developed the technique of combining
separate statements, found in separate works, together to form new statements that represent new
scientific hypotheses.
12.

For example, suppose the statement “A affects B” appears in one work, and the

statement “B affects C” appears in another work. These two works may have been published in
different years by different authors, in different medical sub-fields, and no one person may have
even read both of them. However, juxtaposing and viewing both statements together, one may
well infer the possibility that “A affects C,” and that statement might be novel and potentially
represent an important scientific discovery.
13.

Dr. Swanson used this type of procedure to propose several significant medical

hypotheses that were subsequently tested and confirmed clinically. For example, he proposed
that fish oil supplementation would ameliorate Raynaud’s syndrome1 and that magnesium

1

Swanson DR. Fish oil, Raynaud's syndrome, and undiscovered public knowledge. Perspect Biol Med. 1986
Autumn;30(1):7-18. Raynaud syndrome is a disorder, believed to be the result of decreases in the blood supply to
parts of the body, that causes pain to and discoloration of the fingers, toes, and other areas. In some cases, the effects
can be more significant, including necrosis and gangrene.

supplementation would ameliorate migraine headaches.2
14.

Dr. Swanson’s early studies employing this technique were carried out by hand,

reading numerous articles and identifying patterns. While a researcher might be able to identify a
few “A – B – C” correlations of this type manually by reading articles or other texts, Dr.
Swanson and I quickly realized that through computers it is possible to search through thousands
of articles to identify a large number of potentially new scientific hypotheses. Such automated
search processes carry the hope of discovering correlations that individuals could not discover
without computers.
15.

Dr. Swanson and I created one such computer program together, called

Arrowsmith,3 which was designed to consider data in the bibliographic records for biomedical
articles in medical databases (e.g. the PubMed database4), and which given a topic A, would
identify topics C that were likely to be related to it, on the basis that both topic A and topic C
have some relationship to common topic B. Arrowsmith used article bibliographic records to
identify these “A – B – C” correlations where no articles explicitly mentioned A and C together.
16.

Arrowsmith operated by first running searches for a topic A (e.g., Huntington’s

Disease) and retrieving the bibliographic records for all articles that discuss that topic. Next, it
created a list of all of the terms included in the titles of those articles, and these terms were
treated as the B items that had a relationship to topic A and might serve as a link to identifying

2

Swanson DR. Migraine and magnesium: eleven neglected connections. Perspect Biol Med. 1988
Summer;31(4):526-57.
3

Swanson DR, Smalheiser NR. An interactive system for finding complementary literatures: a stimulus to scientific
discovery. Artificial Intelligence 1997; 91: 183-203.
4

The PubMed database consists of bibliographic data concerning ~20 million biomedical articles (including author
names, title, abstract, affiliation, Medical Subject Headings, etc.). (No full-text articles are contained within the
PubMed database.) Public users can query the PubMed database freely at http://pubmed.gov, or can apply for a
relatively unrestricted license to download the entire database and manipulate the data locally on their own
computers.

new topics C that had not previously been identified as related to topic A. The program ran
searches for these B items and retrieved the bibliographic records for all the articles that
discussed each one, creating a number of B article sets. Arrowsmith then created lists of all of
the terms in the titles of each B article set, and the terms in these lists became the C items. To
exclude from the results any A – C connections that may have been mentioned within the articles
themselves, the program deleted from the lists of C items any terms that also appeared in the
titles of the articles retrieved with the searches for topic A. Then the program ranked the
remaining C items by potential relevance, according to the number of different B article sets in
which they appeared (the more different B items that resulted in identifying a particular C item,
the higher the possibility that the C item shared a relevant connection with the initial topic A). As
a result, Arrowsmith provided a ranked list of items that may have been related to a topic but that
were not identified in the existing medical literature as being related to that topic.
17.

Using such a procedure, I identified a particular class of molecule called

“microRNAs” as particularly likely to be involved in Huntington’s Disease, and this prediction
was confirmed by subsequent research in this field.
18.

In the years since we first designed and implemented the “Arrowsmith”

technology we have improved upon it and made modifications to it that have enabled new
discoveries.
19.

For example, during the time period 2008, I was engaged in writing a review

article on microRNA regulation5 and became interested in assessing whether “phosphorylation,”
a common modification of proteins that regulates their function, might be involved in regulating
the formation of microRNAs. At the time of my analysis, many proteins had been reported to
5

Smalheiser NR. Regulation of mammalian microRNA processing and function by cellular signaling and subcellular
localization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Nov; 1779(11): 678-681.

interact with microRNAs, and in separate studies many proteins were known to be
phosphorylated, but no one had investigated directly whether phosphorylation was responsible
for regulating microRNAs.
20.

I hypothesized that microRNAs (topic A) were meaningfully linked to

phosphorylation (topic C), and using a modified version of the Arrowsmith program, I sought to
make a list of proteins (the B items) that were candidates to mediate this connection. I used the
Arrowsmith system to carry out two searches of the PubMed database (one on microRNAs and
one on phosphorylation), to collect all of the titles in each set of articles, and to identify all of the
words and phrases that were shared in common in both sets. The Arrowsmith system then
filtered the list of words and phrases to identify the names of proteins, and then ranked the
proteins according to their likely relevance (using an algorithm that we developed). The result
was a shortlist of proteins that represented good candidates for further study of their possible
action in regulating microRNAs by virtue of their phosphorylation.
21.

The analyses described above could not reasonably be carried out manually. Not

only is it necessary to use computers in order to conduct the searches of thousands of articles
identified in each set (A and C), but we needed to carry out statistical modeling based on many
searches in order to create a quantitative model that could predict which B items are most likely
to be relevant.
22.

Automated text mining continues to evolve at a remarkable pace. As more full-

text becomes accessible and technology advances, increasingly these techniques focus on the full
text of books and other texts, both in the general domain of digitized books (as illustrated by the
example of assessing authorship of a manuscript in Paragraph 5, above) and in the biomedical
domain.

The HathiTrust Digital Library and HathiTrust Research Center
23.

As described in the examples above, because of the scale on which it is conducted

and the complexity of the algorithms applied, a great deal of valuable text mining research
cannot be carried out manually, but requires large databases of digital textual material that can be
processed by computers.
24.

I understand that the HDL is a shared database of over ten million digitized

volumes, many of which had not previously existed in digital form, from the library collections
of major research universities.
25.

I believe that the HDL, as a large database of widely varied digital textual

material, presents an opportunity for valuable educational and scholarly text-mining research to
be conducted in a broad range of subjects and disciplines. Indeed, the same text mining
techniques described above could be used to identify previously unknown trends, correlations,
and relationships from information contained in the different books in the HDL.
26.

I understand that the HathiTrust, through the HathiTrust Research Center, is

exploring ways of enabling research similar to the text mining research conducted by myself and
others as described above.
27.

In my opinion, the HDL corpus is amenable to many of the same types of text

mining analyses set out above. For example, scientists have developed algorithms and
visualization tools designed to analyze digital text and detect “bursts,” which are sudden
increases in data, and in the context of text mining, refer to sudden increases in appearance or
usage of a word or topic. These tools have been used by researchers in the science community to
identify major research topics and to trace research topic trends.6 Similar algorithms and tools
6

Mane KK, Börner K. Mapping topics and topic bursts in PNAS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Apr 6;101 Suppl
1:5287-90.

EXHIBIT A

1

CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Neil R. Smalheiser, MD, PhD
POSITION: Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Psychiatry, as of 8/15/08;
Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology; Member,
Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago (9/96 - present).
ADDRESS:
Department of Psychiatry, UIC Psychiatric Institute M/C 912
1601 W. Taylor Street, room 525
Chicago, IL 60612
Phone: [phone]; fax [phone]; [e-mail].

EDUCATION
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
(major: mathematics)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
(PhD in Neuroscience)

B. A. with Honors

1974

MD-PhD

1982

PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Department of Pediatrics: Intern, Postdoctoral
Fellow, Instructor, and Assistant Professor 1982-1996.
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL. Department of Psychiatry, Research
Assistant Professor and Assistant Professor 1996-2008.

LICENSURE
Licensed physician, State of Illinois 1983 – present.
MEMBERSHIPS IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Medical Informatics
Association; American Society for Information Science and Technology; Associate,
Behavioral and Brain Sciences; Association for Computing Machinery; International
Brain Research Organization; International Society for Neurochemistry; The RNA
Society; Society for Neuroscience.

2

ACADEMIC HONORS AND FELLOWSHIPS
Ford Future Scientists of America Regional Award, 1968.
National Merit Finalist, 1971.
B. P. O. Elks Scholarship, 1971.
Honors Scholarships, University of Iowa, 1971-1973.
Phi Beta Kappa, 1972.
Graduation with Honors and with High Distinction, 1974.
NIH Medical Scientist Training Program Fellowship, 1974-1981.
NIH NRSA individual postdoctoral training award, 1984-1985.
Schweppe Foundation career development award, 1987-1990.
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellow, 1988-1989.

1. TEACHING ACTIVITIES

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Instructor, Anatomy/Cell Biology 523, Biology of microRNAs and other Small
RNAs, graduate seminar series, 2006, 2009, 2011. (created this course and taught
solo).
Instructor, Honors College core course 134, The Process of Scientific Discovery,
2010 (created this course and taught solo).
Laboratory supervisor in Medical Neuroanatomy course for 1st year medical students
1997-2005.
Lecturer in Neuroscience seminar series for psychiatry residents (have lectured on
developmental neurobiology) 1999-present.
Lecturer in Introduction to Biological Psychiatry course for PGY-1 psychiatry
residents 2006-2010.
Lecturer in Biological Sciences 582, graduate course on Experimental Methods in
Modern Neuroscience. (have lectured on antibody methods, RNA interference,
microRNAs and informatics) 2000-2004; 2008; 2010, 2011.
Lecturer in Anatomy/Cell Biology 520, graduate course on Synaptic Structure and
Function (2000, 2001).
Lecturer in Biological Sciences 286, Biology of Brain (lectured on neurobiology of
schizophrenia) (2001, 2002).
Lecturer in GCLS 502, Molecular Biology, core course for UIC graduate students,
lectured on microRNAs (2007-present).
Lecturer in CS 582 - Information Retrieval, graduate course for UIC computer
science students, January 2012.
Lecturer in Graduate course at UIUC, Graduate School of Library and Information
Science, “Literature Based Discovery”, October 2008.
Organizer and lecturer in 3 day workshop at UIC, “Informatics Tools for Discovery
and Collaboration,” 9/03, 9/04.

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Supervisor of undergraduate students in Biological Sciences 299 and 399 and
volunteer research rotations. Logan Grewal, 1998. Mauli Verma, 1999. Rima Patel,
2002 (now a graduate student at UIC School of Public Health). Cristina Floreani,
2003 (now a MD-PhD student at UIC in Anatomy/Cell Biology). Atena Lodhi, 2004.
Sponsor of high school students, Illinois Math and Science Academy, Student Inquiry
and Research Program: Kinga Wilewska, 2004-2005. Kyle Schirmann, 2006-2007.
Matthew Liu, 2007-2008.
Mentor of Honors College undergraduate students, 2009-present.
Sponsor of postdoctoral fellows:
Marc Weeber, PhD, 2001-2002, now working in industry (Knewco, Inc.).
Supervisor of graduate research assistants:
Wei Zhou, 2002-2008. Wei obtained the best results (out of 30 entries
nationwide) in the 2006 Genomics TREC competition. Now working at Ingenuity
Systems, Inc.
Wei Zhang, 2002-2006. Now working at Microsoft.
Giovanni Lugli, PhD, 2001-present, Research Specialist in Health Sciences in my
laboratory. With my support and encouragement, he is now enrolled in the
Neuroscience Training Program as a PhD candidate at UIC, while continuing to
work full-time in my laboratory. His thesis project concerns localization and
processing of microRNA precursors within mature forebrain neurons;
successfully defended his thesis on 5/19/11.
Member of PhD thesis examination committee:
Wei Zhou, 2008.
James Gocel, 2009.
Sachin Moonat, 2009.
Professional mentoring:
 Vetle Torvik, PhD, 2001-2008, was Research Assistant Professor in my
laboratory. He is developing his own line of research concerned with analyses of
collaboration behavior of MEDLINE authors, and was recipient of a Summer
Faculty fellowship at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications,
working under Noshir Contractor. Vetle is now Visiting Assistant Professor at
UIUC. Using the Author-ity author name disambiguation dataset developed at
UIC, he successfully wrote a NSF grant proposal to merge Author-ity with a
disambiguated US Patent database (with Lee Fleming, Harvard Business School,
dual PI), beginning in 2010.
 Carole L. Palmer, PhD. Dr. Palmer is Associate Professor at UIUC. I invited her
to undertake the study of information-seeking behavior in the Arrowsmith field
testers, which has developed into a NSF-funded 3 year grant that she directed.
 Ramin Homayouni, PhD. Dr. Homayouni is Associate Professor at University of
Memphis, where he now chairs the Bioinformatics Program. I assisted his
informatics efforts during the period when he was a subcontract PI on my
Arrowsmith grant.

4

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Hong Yu, PhD. Dr. Yu is Assistant Professor at University of WisconsinMilwaukee. I have been assisting her in writing R01 grants (am listed as a
subcontract PI on an upcoming grant of hers submitted in March 2007) and in
finding biologists to collaborate with in the development of biology-oriented
information retrieval systems.
 Larissa Nonn, PhD. Dr. Nonn is Assistant Professor at UIC who studies the
involvement of microRNAs in prostate cancer. I contributed a letter of support
for her successful NCI Transition Career Development Award (K22).
Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, member of PhD thesis advisory committee
for Paul Kim.
Faculty Medical advisor for William Ruzicka, Anita Seibold.
Participant in Medical and MD-PhD admissions interviews.
Member, MD/PhD Program training faculty, Neuroscience PhD program and
Biomedical Neuroscience training program, and the Graduate College.
Fellow, UIC Honors College, 2009-present.

CURRICULUM DESIGN ACTIVITIES
Advisory Committee Member for The Scientific Communications Initiative, 2006-2009.
This is a NSF-funded curriculum grant in bioinformatics centered at the Graduate School
of Library and Information Science at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. PIs are
Carole Palmer and P. Bryan Heidorn. The Scientific Communications Initiative is
developing a biological informatics masters degree program for Scientific
Communication Specialists (SCS). Unlike most existing educational programs in
bioinformatics, the SCS program takes a broad view of biology and informatics to train
professionals to bridge arenas of information technology development in the biological
sciences. Other advisory committee members are chosen nationally from a variety of
institutions including the American Museum of Natural History, the Smithsonian
Institution, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Peabody Museum at Yale, and the
Biomedical Informatics Research Network.
INVITED PRESENTATIONS
Invited Presentations at International Conferences since 1996:
 Lecturer, Green College Thematic Lecture Series on Creativity, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, January 2002. This is a University-wide event
inviting distinguished visitors from around the world, and the lectures are collected
and published in book form by University of Toronto Press.
 Organizer, workshop on Informatics, Intl. Congress for Schizophrenia Research,
Colorado Springs, March 2003.
 Organizer, workshop on “Informatics for Neurochemists,” Intl. Soc. Neurochemistry
meeting, Hong Kong, August 2003. (Meeting cancelled because of SARS epidemic.)

5

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Organizer, technology panel on MicroRNAs and RNA Interference in the Nervous
System, Asian-Pacific Society for Neurochemistry Biennial Meeting, Hong Kong,
February 2004.
Speaker, panel on “Mining the Literature to Promote Biomedical Discoveries” at
Medinfo [International Medical Informatics Association triennial meeting], San
Francisco, September 2004.
Plenary speaker and session chair, 8th International Conference on Discovery
Science, Singapore, October 2005.
Discussant, First Monday FM10 Openness Conference, Chicago, May 2006.
Speaker, Workshop on Scholarly Databases & Data Integration, Bloomington, IN,
August 2006.
Discussant, Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, Maui, HI, January 2007.
Speaker, T-FaNT 07 (Tokyo Forum on Advanced NLP and Text Mining), Tokyo,
Japan, March 2007.
Co-organizer, workshop on Fragile X protein/microRNA pathways in neurons,
International Society for Neurochemistry biennial meeting, Cancun, August 2007
(meeting canceled due to Hurricane Dean).
Chair and speaker, symposium on Non-coding RNAs and Synaptic Plasticity,
International Society for Neurochemistry biennial meeting, Athens, Greece, August
2011.
Speaker, International Congress of Human Genetics, Oct. 11 - 15, 2011, Montreal,
session on "Functional genomics of long non-coding RNA in mammalian systems.”

Invited Presentations at National Conferences since 1996:
 Speaker, Society for Neuroscience Satellite Meeting on the Human Brain Project,
November 2002.
 Organizer, panel session on Literature-Based Discovery, Am. Soc. For Information
Science and Technology, Washington, DC, October 2003.
 Speaker, Short Course on Bioinformatics, Society for Neuroscience meeting, New
Orleans, LA, November 2003.
 Speaker, symposium on RNA interference at the Am. Soc. Neurochemistry annual
meeting, NYC, August 2004.
 Speaker, Cambridge Healthtech Institute conference on RNA Interference, San
Francisco, June 2005.
 Speaker, panel on “"Enabling Biomedical Research with Literature Access and
Mining: Progress and Challenges," American Medical Informatics Association annual
meeting, Washington, DC, October 2005.
 Speaker, panel on “Literature-based Discovery,” American Medical Informatics
Association annual Spring Congress, Phoenix, AZ, May 2006.
 Panelist, NIH Knowledge Environments for Biomedical Research (KEBR)
Conference, Bethesda, Maryland, December 2006.

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Speaker, meeting on Unique Identifiers for Authors/Contributors sponsored by
CrossRef, Washington, DC, February 2007.
Speaker, Cambridge Healthtech Institute conference on microRNA in Human Disease
& Development, Boston, MA, March 2007.
Speaker, PubMed Plus conference, sponsored by the Society for Neuroscience, St.
Louis, MO, June 2007.
Participant, NSF Biomedical Informatics workshop, Portland, OR, December 2007.
Speaker, Symposium on Computational Approaches to Creativity in Science,
Stanford, CA, March 2008.
Participant, IARPA M2 Conference on Technical Discovery, Extraction and
Organization, Northbrook, IL, October 2008.
Speaker, Cambridge Healthtech Institute conference on microRNA in Human Disease
& Development, Boston, MA, March 2009.
Speaker, panel: Beyond (simple) Reading: Strategies, Discoveries, and
Collaborations, Am. Soc. For Information Science and Technology, Vancouver, BC,
November 2009.
Participant, “Integrating, Representing, and Reasoning over Human Knowledge: A
Computational Grand Challenge for the 21st Century,” August 7-14, 2010, at the
Snowbird Ski and Summer Resort Conference Center, hosted by the Institute for
Computing in Science (ICiS).

Invited Presentations within UIC since 1996:
 Dept. of Anatomy & Cell Biology, 1996.
 College of Medicine, MD-PhD Training Program, March 2005.
 Honors 201 Seminar, “Networks in Life Sciences,” March 2006.
 Autism Study Group, February 2009.
 Panel on Open Access journals, Daley Library, October 2009.
 Frontiers of GI Research Conference, February 2012.
Invited Presentations at other Universities since 1996:
 Northwestern Univ. Medical School, 1996.
 Univ. Florida at Gainesville Dept. of Pharmacology, 1996.
 Chicago Institute for Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch, 1996.
 Second Intl. Oxidative Stress and Brain Damage Symposium, 1997.
 UIUC, Graduate Library and Information Sciences School, 2001.
 UIUC, Beckman Institute, 2002.
 Stanford Univ., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, November 2002.
 Tennessee Bioinformatics Consortium, March 2004.
 Michigan State Univ., Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, September 2004.
 RIKEN Biological Resource Center, Tsukuba, Japan, October 2005.

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University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Medical Informatics program, February 2007.
Chicago Biomedical Consortium, RNA Symposium, June 2007.
Chicagoland RNA Club, Feburary 2008.
Merck Serono (Research Knowledge Management), Geneva, Switzerland and
Darmstadt, Germany, June 2008.
Harvard Business School, Science-Based Business Initiative Seminar, February 2009.

2. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
RESEARCH GRANTS
(active grants are indicated in bold)

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NIH NRSA individual postdoctoral training award, National Eye Institute, 19841985. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
Block Fund grant (University of Chicago), 1986. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
Brain Research Foundation grants, 1984-1987, 1993. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
Dysautonomia Foundation grants, 1986-1988. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
March of Dimes Basil O’Connor Starter Scholar award, 1987-1989. Smalheiser, N.
R., PI.
March of Dimes, “Laminin as a molecular and genetic probe of neurites,” 1990-1992.
Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
NIH FIRST award, “Molecular and cellular basis of cranin’s action on neural cells,”
1988-1992. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
Scottish Rite Schizophrenia Research Program, “Heat shock protein 60 serum
antibodies in schizophrenia,” 1993-1994. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
NIH Program Project, “Biological basis of mental retardation,” National Institute for
Child Health and Human Development, 1992-1995. Schwartz, N. B., PI (I was
Project P.I. of Project #2).
Office of Naval Research, “ARROWSMITH Analysis of Biomedical Innovation and
Discovery,” 1999-2000 ($50,000 direct costs). We were specifically invited to write
this application by the ONR. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
NIH R03, “Circulating Reelin and Psychosis Vulnerability,” National Institute of
Mental Health; 9/00-8/02. ($50,000 direct costs per year for 2 years). Smalheiser, N.
R., PI.
National Alliance for Autism Research, “Circulating Reelin and Autism Spectrum
Disorder,” 7/01-6/03 ($45,000 direct costs per year for 2 years). Smalheiser, N. R.,
PI.
NIH R01, “Arrowsmith Data Mining Techniques in Neuro-Informatics,” 6/01-5/07.
Human Brain Project grant, co-funded by NLM and NIMH. Funded on the first
submission. (This is a large grant representing a multi-instititutional consortium of six

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sites, of which UIC is the home site. The overall budget is $500,000 direct costs per
year for five years.) Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
NIH R21, “RNAi-Mediated Gene Suppression in the Adult Mammalian CNS,”
National Institute of Drug Abuse; 9/30/02-9/30/05 ($100,000 direct costs per year for
2 years, currently on no-cost extension). This is a CEBRA grant funded by NIDA for
“cutting-edge” innovative high-risk, high-payoff investigations. Funded on the first
submission. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
NIH R21, “Author Name Disambiguation in Medline,” National Library of Medicine;
1/15/05 – 6/30/08. $125,000 direct costs per year. Funded on the first submission.
This is an effort to disambiguate authors (many different people may have the same
last name, first initial). We will assign all articles in Medline in clusters according to
the individuals who wrote them. Smalheiser, N. R., PI.
NIH R01, “Function of FMRP in the mouse olfactory system,” National Institute of
Deafness and Other Communications Disorders; 07/01/03 – 06/30/08 Larson J., PI
(N. Smalheiser, co-I, 10% effort). $175,000 direct costs per year for five years. This
is a grant to study the role of the fragile X mental retardation protein in olfactory
perception and memory.
High Q Foundation, “Literature-Based Discovery Techniques to Identify Novel
Huntington Disease Modifiers, Treatments or Targets”, 8/15/07 – 2/14/08,
Smalheiser, N. R., PI., $24,000 direct costs.
NIH R21, “Validating microRNA Analysis in Human Postmortem Brain” (Y.
Dwivedi, N. Smalheiser, dual PIs). National Institute of Mental Health, 7/1/07 –
6/30/09, $125,000 direct costs per year for 2 years requested. Funded on the first
submission.
Stanley Medical Research Institute proposal, “Prefrontal Cortex microRNAs in the
Stanley Neuropathology Consortium,” Smalheiser, N. R., PI, $75,000 per year for 2
years. 8/1/08-7/31/11.
NIH R01, LM010817-01, “Text Mining Pipeline to Accelerate Systematic
Reviews in Evidence-Based Medicine,” Smalheiser, N. R. and Cohen, A.M., dual
PIs. This is a multi-institutional consortium encompassing 4 sites, of which UIC
is home site. About $442,000 direct costs per year for 4 years. 9/30/2010 –
9/29/14. Funded on the first submission.
Alzheimer’s Association, IIRG-11-202853, “Plasma microRNAs as biomarkers
for Alzheimer disease,” Smalheiser, N. R., PI. 11/1/11 – 10/30/14. total $200,000
direct costs.
Dept. of the Army – USAMRAA, “Cellular Basis for Learning Impairment in
Fragile X Syndrome,” Larson, J. R., PI. 04/01/2012 - 03/31/2015. $750,000 direct
costs per year for 3 years. My role is co-Investigator.
University of Illinois at Chicago CCTS-0512-03, “ Plasma Small RNAs as
Biomarkers for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder”, Dwivedi, Y., PI. 5/1/12 – 4/30/14.
$30,000 direct costs per year for two years. My role is co-PI.

9

Pending Proposal:
NIH/NIA P01, Innovation in an Aging Society, Bruce Weinberg, PI.
Title: Innovation in an Aging Society
Agency: National Institute on Aging
Total Direct Cost Year 1: $998,013; Total Cost Year 1: 1,419,245; Total Direct Cost for
5 Years: 5,318,371; Total Cost for 5 Years: $7,686,358. Dates: 12/1/12 – 11/30/17
My role is co-Investigator.
About half-a-dozen proposals planned in the coming year:
NIH, Brain Research Foundation, Simons Foundation – grants on depression, autism,
small RNAs, plasma microRNA biomarkers.
INVENTIONS AND COMMERCIALIZATION
Developer of two monoclonal antibodies against cranin (dystroglycan) that were licensed
commercially by Chemicon.
Co-developer, with Don R. Swanson (Univ. of Chicago), of ARROWSMITH, a
computer-assisted strategy for information retrieval.
Co-developer, with Vetle Torvik, of Author-ity, which utilizes a new monotone Boolean
method of data mining. The Author-ity database is a resource that disambiguates author
names for papers in MEDLINE. Licensed to NIH (NCBI) in 2009. Licensed to
LnxResearch in 2009. Other licenses pending.
Co-developer, with Vetle Torvik, of ADAM, a database of abbreviations in Medline that
includes both acronyms and non-acronyms.
Developer of WETLAB, an open source electronic notebook programmed in JAVA.
Co-developer, with Vetle Torvik, of Anne O’Tate, which facilitates summarization, drilldown and browsing of PubMed search results.
Co-developer, with Vetle Torvik, of a novel quantitative model to measure the type and
amount of implicit information linking two sets of articles. Licensed to Merck Serono in
2008.
Press Coverage:
Profiled in The Scientist 12: 12-13, 1998.
Profiled in Science magazine 310: 1401, 2005.
Mentioned in an editorial in Nature magazine 440: 1090, 2006.
Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (http://www.genengnews.com/) rated the
Arrowsmith Project website “Excellent” in their Best of the Web: Reference” list,
December 2007.
Profiled/interviewed in Biomedical Computation Review 4: 16-27, 2008.

10

Mentioned in a news feature in Nature magazine 463: 416-418, 2010.
In addition, I have been interviewed as an expert source to comment on my own or
others’ work for various online news stories (e.g. Nature, Medicine Online, The
Discovery Channel, The Scientist, Biomedical Computation Review, MyScienceWork,
etc.)

PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS (name is in bold if senior author)
A note on journals:
The publications span numerous specialties both within biomedical research and information sciences, and
recording impact factor is misleading because different fields vary significantly in the impact factor of their
leading journals. However, Journal of Biological Chemistry is the most important journal in the field of
biochemistry; PNAS is one of the top 5 general-interest scientific journals; Artificial Intelligence is the
leading journal in its field; Archives of General Psychiatry is the #2 journal in psychiatry; Trends in
Neurosciences has the highest impact factor in neuroscience; Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology is the most prestigious journal in information science; JAMIA has the
highest impact factor in medical informatics; The New England Journal of Medicine is the leading generalinterest journal in medicine; PLOS Biology is the leading general-interest open access journal in biology;
and Trends in Genetics is one of the top journals in genetics. Annual Review of Information Science and
Technology is the most prestigious review journal in its field. Finally, note that the lab generally presents
2-4 abstracts at meetings each year; however, they are not listed in this curriculum vitae because they are
not mature publications.
A note on author order:
We follow the convention of many biomedical laboratories, in which the person who acquires the primary
data in a study and prepares the figures and tables is listed as first author. Often, but not always, this
person is also the one who wrote the first draft of the paper. Other authors are listed in order of their
relative contributions, except the PI who is generally listed last. This does not imply that the PI has a
relatively minor role or is listed as a courtesy.
A note on open access:
Since the launching of PubMed Central, BioMed Central and Public Library of Science, my policy has
been to publish articles in open access journals whenever possible.

1. Smalheiser, N. R. and Crain, S. M. (1978) Formation of functional retinotectal
connections in co-cultures of fetal mouse explants. Brain Res. 148: 484-492.
2. Smalheiser, N. R., Crain, S. M., and Bornstein, M. B. (1981) Development of
ganglion cells and their axons in organized cultures of fetal mouse retinal explants. Brain
Res. 204: 159-178.
3. Smalheiser, N. R., Peterson, E. R., and Crain, S. M. (1981) Neurites from mouse
retina and dorsal root ganglion explants show specific behavior within co-cultured tectum
or spinal cord. Brain Res. 208: 499-505.
4. Smalheiser, N. R., Peterson, E. R., and Crain, S. M. (1981) Specific neurite pathways
and arborizations formed by fetal mouse dorsal root ganglion cells within organized
spinal cord explants in culture: a peroxidase labeling study. Dev. Brain Res. 2: 383-396.

11

5. Smalheiser, N. R. (1982) Positional specificity tests in co-cultures of retinal and tectal
explants. Brain Res. 213: 493-499.
6. Smalheiser, N. R., Crain, S. M., and Reid, L. M. (1984) Laminin as a substrate for
retinal axons in vitro. Dev. Brain Res. 12: 136-140.
7. Smalheiser, N. R. and Crain, S. M. (1984) Radiosensitivity and differentiation of
retinal ganglion cells within fetal mouse explants in vitro. Dev. Brain Res. 13: 159-163.
8. Smalheiser, N. R. and Crain, S. M. (1984) The possible role of “sibling neurite bias”
in the coordination of neurite elongation, branching, and survival. J. Neurobiol. 15: 517529.
9. Smalheiser, N. R. and Schwartz, N. B. (1987) Cranin: a laminin binding protein of
cell membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 6457-6461.
10. Smalheiser, N. R. and Schwartz, N. B. (1987) Kinetic analysis of ‘rapid onset’
neurite formation in NG108-15 cells reveals a dual role for substratum-bound laminin.
Dev. Brain Res. 34: 111-121.
11. Schwartz, N. B. and Smalheiser, N. R. (1989) Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans
and proteoglycans. In: Neurobiology of Glycoconjugates, ed. R.U. and R.K. Margolis,
Plenum Press, NY, pp. 151-186.
12. Smalheiser, N. R. (1989) Morphologic plasticity of rapid-onset neurites in NG10815 cells stimulated by substratum-bound laminin. Dev. Brain Res. 45: 39-47.
13. Smalheiser, N. R. (1989) Analysis of slow-onset neurite formation in NG108-15
cells: implications for a unified model of neurite elongation. Dev. Brain Res. 45: 49-57.
14. Smalheiser, N. R. (1989) Altered cell shapes in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts treated with
5’-deoxy, 5’-methyl thioadenosine: relation to morphogenesis of neural cells. Dev. Brain
Res. 45: 59-67.
15. Smalheiser, N. R. (1990) Neuronal growth cones: an extended view. Neuroscience
38: 1-11.
16. Smalheiser, N. R. (1990) Cell attachment and neurite stability in NG108-15 cells:
effects of 5’-deoxy, 5’-methyl thioadenosine (MTA) compared with laminin, kinase
inhibitor H-7, and Mn2+ ions. Dev. Brain Res. 51: 153-160.
17. Smalheiser, N. R. (1990) Cell attachment and neurite stability in NG108-15 cells:
What is the role of microtubules? Dev. Brain Res. 58: 271-282.

12

18. Smalheiser, N. R. (1991) Role of laminin in stimulating rapid-onset neurites in
NG108-15 cells: relative contribution of attachment and motility responses. Dev. Brain
Res. 62: 81-89.
19. Pomeranz, H. D., Sherman, D. L., Smalheiser, N. R. and Gershon, M. D. (1991)
Expression of the immunoreactivity of a neurally related cell surface laminin binding
protein by neural crest-derived cells migrating to and within the gut: relationship to the
formation of enteric ganglia. J. Comp. Neurol. 313: 625-642.
20. Smalheiser, N. R. and Collins, B. J. (1992) Characterization of a novel set of
membrane antigens associated with axonal growth. I: Biochemical and functional
studies. Dev. Brain Res. 69: 215-223.
21. Smalheiser, N. R. and Collins, B. J. (1992) Characterization of a novel set of
membrane antigens associated with axonal growth. II: Expression in the chick central
nervous system. Dev. Brain Res. 69: 225-231.
22. Smalheiser, N. R., Collins, B. J., and Sharma, S. C. (1992) Characterization of a
novel set of membrane antigens associated with axonal growth. III: Expression in the
regenerating goldfish optic nerve and tectum. Dev. Brain Res. 69: 277-282.
23. Smalheiser, N. R. and Rossulek, M. (1992) Morphometric and time lapse analyses of
rapid-onset neurites stimulated by cycloheximide in NG108-15 cells. Int. J. Dev.
Neurosci. 10: 467-472.
24. Landis, C. A., Collins, B. J., Cribbs, L. L., Sukhatme, V., Bergmann, B.,
Rechtschaffen, A., and Smalheiser, N. R. (1993) Expression of EGR-1 in the brain of
sleep-deprived rats. Molec. Brain Res. 17: 300-306.
25. Smalheiser, N. R. (1993) Monensin-sensitive cellular events modulate neurite
extension on laminin: an example of higher order regulation of cell motility. Cell Motil.
Cytoskel. 24: 256-263.
26. Smalheiser, N. R. (1993) Acute neurite retraction elicited by diverse agents is
prevented by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. J. Neurochem. 61: 340-343.
27. Smalheiser, N. R. (1993) Cranin interacts specifically with the sulfatide-binding
domain of laminin. J. Neurosci. Res. 36: 528-538.
28. Smalheiser, N. R. and Swanson, D. R. (1994) Assessing a gap in the biomedical
literature: magnesium deficiency and neurologic disease. Neurosci. Res. Commun. 15:
1-9.
29. Smalheiser, N. R. and Ali, J. Y. (1994) Acute neurite retraction triggered by
lysophosphatidic acid: timing of the inhibitory effects of genistein. Brain Res. 660: 309318.

13

30. Smalheiser, N. R. (1994) Three good things about “bad” science. Perspect. Biol.
Med. 38: 58-60.
31. Smalheiser, N. R., Dissanayake, S. and Kapil, A. (1995) Regulation of neurite
outgrowth and retraction by phospholipase A2-derived arachidonic acid and its
metabolites. Brain Res. 721: 39-48, 1996.
32. Smalheiser, N. R. and Kim, E. (1995) Purification of cranin, a laminin binding
protein. Identity to dystroglycan and reassessment of its carbohydrate moieties. J. Biol.
Chem. 270: 15425-15433.
33. Smalheiser, N. R. (1996) Proteins in unexpected locations. Molec. Biol. Cell 7:
1003-1014.
34. Belkin, A. M. and Smalheiser, N. R. (1996) Localization of cranin (dystroglycan) at
sites of cell-matrix and cell-cell contact: recruitment to focal adhesions is dependent upon
extracellular ligands. Cell Adhes. Commun. 4: 281-296.
35. Smalheiser, N. R. (1996) The importance of parametric approaches in the analysis of
cell behavior. Perspect. Biol. Med. 40: 60-65.
36. Smalheiser, N. R. and Swanson, D. R. (1996) Indomethacin and Alzheimer’s
disease. Neurology 46: 583.
37. Smalheiser, N. R. and Swanson, D. R. (1996) Linking estrogen to Alzheimer’s
disease: an informatics approach. Neurology 47: 809-810.
38. Swanson, D. R. and Smalheiser, N. R. (1997) An interactive system for finding
complementary literatures: a stimulus to scientific discovery. Artif. Intell. 91: 183-203.
39. Peng, H. B., Ali, A. A., Daggett, D. F., Rauvala, H., Hassell, J. R., and Smalheiser,
N. R. (1998) The relationship between perlecan and dystroglycan and its implication in
the formation of the neuromuscular junction. Cell Adhes. Commun. 5: 475-489.
40. Smalheiser, N. R. and Swanson, D. R. (1998) Calcium-independent phospholipase
A2 and schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 55: 752-753.
41. Smalheiser, N. R. and Swanson, D. R. (1998) Using ARROWSMITH: a computerassisted approach to formulating and assessing scientific hypotheses. Computer Meth.
Prog. Biomed. 57: 149-153.
42. Smalheiser, N. R., Haslam, S. M., Sutton-Smith, M., Morris, H. R., and Dell, A.
(1998) Structural analysis of sequences O-linked to mannose reveals a novel Lewis X
structure in cranin (dystroglycan) purified from sheep brain. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 2369823703.

14

43. Impagnatiello, F., Guidotti, A., Pesold, C., Dwivedi, Y., Caruncho, H., Pisu, M.G.,
Uzunov, D.P., Smalheiser, N.R., Davis, J.M., Pandey, G.N., Pappas, G.D., Tueting, P.,
Sharma, R.P. and Costa, E. (1998) A decrease in reelin expression as a putative
vulnerability factor in schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 15718-15723.
44. Smalheiser, N. R. (1998) Conserved amphipathic helices near the N-terminus and Cterminus of the alpha subunit of cranin (dystroglycan). Cell Adhes. Commun. 6: 401404.
45. Swanson, D. R. and Smalheiser, N. R. (1999) Implicit text linkages between Medline
records: using Arrowsmith as an aid to scientific discovery. Library Trends 48: 48-59.
46. Smalheiser, N. R., Costa, E., Guidotti, A., Impagnatiello, F., Auta, J., Lacor, P.,
Kriho, V. and Pappas, G. (2000) Expression of reelin in adult mammalian blood, liver,
pituitary pars intermedia and adrenal chromaffin cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:
1281-1286.
47. Smalheiser, N. R. (2000) Walter Pitts. Perspect. Biol. Med. 43: 217-226.
48. Smalheiser, N. R. and Collins, B. J. (2000) Coordinate enrichment of cranin
(dystroglycan) subunits in synaptic membranes of sheep brain. Brain Res. 887: 469-471.
49. Manev, H., Uz, T., Smalheiser, N. R. and Manev, R. (2001) Antidepressants alter cell
proliferation in the adult brain in vivo and in neural cultures in vitro. Eur. J. Pharmacol.
411: 67-70.
50. Smalheiser, N. R., Manev, H. and Costa, E. (2001) RNAi and Memory: Was
McConnell on the right track after all? Trends in Neurosci. 24: 216-218.
51. Smalheiser, N. R. (2001) Predicting emerging technologies with the aid of text-based
data mining: the micro approach. Technovation 21: 689-693.
52. Swanson, D. R., Smalheiser, N. R. and Bookstein, A. (2001) Information discovery
from complementary literatures: categorizing viruses as potential weapons. J. Am. Soc.
Information Sci. Technol.52: 797-812.
53. Kim, H.M., Qu, T., Kriho, V., Lacor, P., Smalheiser, N., Pappas, G. D., Guidotti, A.,
Costa, E. and Sugaya, K. (2002) Reelin function in neural stem cell biology. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 99: 4020-4025.
54. Das, A., Smalheiser, N. R., Markaryan, A. and Kaplan, A. (2002) Evidence for
binding of the ectodomain of amyloid precursor protein 695 and activated high molecular
weight kininogen. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (General Subjects) 1571: 225-238.

15

55. Smalheiser, N. R. (2002) Informatics and hypothesis-driven research. EMBO
Reports 3: 702.
56. Smalheiser, N. R. (2003) Linking investigators: A centralised linking facility for data
sharing and coordination of samples in banks. EMBO Reports 4: 108–110.
57. Dong, E., Caruncho, H., Liu, W.-S., Smalheiser, N. R., Grayson, D. R., Costa, E. and
Guidotti, A. (2003) A reelin-integrin receptor interaction regulates Arc mRNA translation
in synaptoneurosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 5479-5484.
58. Smalheiser, N. R. (2003) EST analyses predict the existence of a population of
chimeric microRNA precursor – mRNA transcripts expressed in normal mouse and
human tissue. Genome Biol. 4: 403. http://genomebiology.com/2003/4/7/403
59. Lugli, G., Krueger, J. M., Davis, J.M. Persico, A. M., Keller, F. and Smalheiser, N.
R. (2003) Methodological factors influencing measurement and processing of plasma
reelin in humans. BMC Biochemistry 4: 9. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2091/4/9
60. Gardner D, Toga AW, Ascoli GA, Beatty JT, Brinkley JF, Dale AM, Fox PT,
Gardner EP, George JS, Goddard N, Harris KM, Herskovits EH, Hines ML, Jacobs GA,
Jacobs RE, Jones EG, Kennedy DN, Kimberg DY, Mazziotta JC, Miller PL, Mori S,
Mountain DC, Reiss AL, Rosen GD, Rottenberg DA, Shepherd GM, Smalheiser NR,
Smith KP, Strachan T, Van Essen DC, Williams RW, Wong ST. (2003) Towards
effective and rewarding data sharing. Neuroinformatics. 1: 289-295.
61. Smalheiser, N. R. (2003) Bath toys: a source of gastrointestinal infection. New Engl
J Med. 350: 521.
62. Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2004) A population-based statistical approach
identifies parameters characteristic of human microRNA-mRNA interactions. BMC
Bioinformatics 5:139.
63. Torvik, V. I., Weeber, M., Swanson, D. R. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2005) A
probabilistic similiarity metric for Medline records: a model for author name
disambiguation. J. Am. Soc. Information Sci. Technol. 56: 140-158.
64. Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2005) Mammalian microRNAs derived from
genomic repeats. Trends in Genetics 21: 322-326.
65. Lugli, G., Larson, J., Martone, M.E., Jones Y. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2005) Dicer
and eIF2c are enriched at postsynaptic densities in adult mouse brain and are modified by
neuronal activity in a calpain-dependent manner. J. Neurochem. 94: 896-905.
66. Smalheiser, N. R., Perkins, G. A. and Jones, S. (2005) Guidelines for negotiating
scientific collaborations. Endorsed by the Am. Medical Informatics Assn. Working
Group on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues. PLOS Biology 3: e217.

16

67. Zhang, W., Yu, C., Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2005) Segmentation of
Publication Records of Authors from the Web. (poster paper) In the Proceedings of the
22nd IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06). Atlanta, GA, April
2006. (this conference was peer-reviewed and had overall 31% acceptance rate)
68. Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2006) Alu elements within human mRNAs are
probable microRNA targets. Trends in Genetics 22(10), 532-536.
69. Zhou, W., Smalheiser, N. R. and Yu, C. (2006) A tutorial on information retrieval:
basic terms and concepts. J. Biomed. Discovery Collaboration 1: 2.
70. Smalheiser, N. R., Torvik, V. I., Bischoff-Grethe, A., Burhans, L. B., Michael
Gabriel, M., Homayouni, R., Kashef, A., Martone, M. E., Perkins, G. A., Price, D. L.,
Talk, A. C. and West, R. (2006) Collaborative development of the Arrowsmith two node
search interface designed for laboratory investigators. J. Biomed. Discovery
Collaboration 1: 8.
71. Swanson, D. R., Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2006) Ranking indirect
connections in literature-based discovery: The role of Medical Subject Headings
(MeSH). J. Am. Soc. Information Sci. Technol. 57: 1427-1439.
72. Zhou, W., Torvik, V. I. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2006) ADAM: Another database of
abbreviations in MEDLINE. Bioinformatics 22: 2813-2818.
73. Zhou, W., Yu, C., Smalheiser, N., Torvik, V. and Hong, J. (2007) Knowledgeintensive Conceptual Retrieval and Passage Extraction of Biomedical Literature. Proc.
30th Ann. Intl. ACM SIGIR Conf. on Research & Development on Information
Retrieval(SIGIR'07), pp. 655-662, 2007, Amsterdam, Netherlands (this conference was
peer-reviewed and had overall 18% acceptance rate).
74. Torvik, V. I. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2007) A quantitative model for linking two
disparate literatures in MEDLINE. Bioinformatics 23(13): 1658-1665.
75. Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2008) Author name disambiguation. Annual
Review of Information Science and Technology 43: 287-313.
76. Smalheiser, N. R. (2007) Exosomal transfer of proteins and RNAs at synapses in the
nervous system. Biology Direct 2:35.
77. Smalheiser, N. R., Zhou, W. and Torvik, V. I. (2008) Anne O’Tate: A tool to support
user-driven summarization, drill-down and browsing of PubMed search results. J.
Biomed. Discovery Collab. 3:2.
78. Smalheiser, N. R (2008) Regulation of microRNA processing and function by
cellular signaling and subcellular localization. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regulatory
Mechanisms 1779:678-681.

17

79. Lugli, G., Torvik, V.I., Larson, J.R. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2008) Expression of
microRNAs and their precursors in synaptic fractions of adult mouse forebrain. J.
Neurochem 106: 650-661.
80. Smalheiser, N. R. (2008) Synaptic enrichment of microRNAs is related to structural
features of their precursors. Biology Direct 3: 44.
81. Smalheiser, N.R., Lugli, G., Torvik, V.I., Mise, N., Ikeda, R. and Abe, K. (2008)
Natural antisense transcripts are co-expressed with sense mRNAs in synaptoneurosomes
of adult mouse forebrain. Neurosci. Res. 62: 236-239.
82. Smalheiser, N. R., Torvik, V.I. and Zhou, W. (2009) Arrowsmith two-node search
interface: a tutorial on finding meaningful links between two disparate sets of articles in
MEDLINE. Comput. Meth. Programs Biomed. 94: 190-197.
83. Torvik, V. I. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2009) Author name disambiguation in
MEDLINE. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 3(3):11.
84. Smalheiser, N. R. and Lugli, G. (2009) microRNA regulation of synaptic plasticity.
NeuroMolecular Medicine 11: 133-140.
85. Smalheiser, N. R. (2009) Do Neural Cells Communicate with Endothelial Cells via
Secretory Exosomes and Microvesicles? Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology,
2009: 383086.
86. Smalheiser, N. R., Lugli, G., Lenon, A. L. Davis, J. M., Torvik, V. I. and Larson, J.
R. (2010) Olfactory discrimination training up-regulates and reorganizes expression of
microRNAs in adult mouse hippocampus. ASN Neuro 2(1):art:e00028.
87. Cohen, A.M., Adams, C.E., Davis, J.M., Yu, C., Yu, P.S., Meng, W., Duggan, L.,
McDonagh, M., and Smalheiser, N.R. (2010). Evidence-based medicine, the changing
landscape of the medical knowledge base, and the need for automated text mining tools.
ACM 1st Intl. Conference on Health Informatics 1:376-380.
88. Smalheiser, N. R., Lugli, G., Rizavi, H., Torvik, V. I., Turecki, G. and Dwivedi,
Y.(2012) MicroRNA Expression is Down-Regulated and Reorganized in Prefrontal
Cortex of Depressed Suicide. PLoS ONE 7: e33201.
89. Smalheiser, N. R., Lugli, G., Thimmapuram, J., Cook, E. H. and Larson, J. (2011)
Endogenous siRNAs and noncoding RNA-derived small RNAs are expressed in adult
mouse hippocampus and are up-regulated in olfactory discrimination training. RNA
17: 166-181.
90. Smalheiser, N.R., Lugli G., Zhang, H., Rizavi, H. S., Torvik, V.I., Pandey, G.N.,
Davis, J. M. and Dwivedi, Y. (2010) microRNA expression in rat brain exposed to
repeated inescapable shock: differential alterations in learned helplessness vs. nonlearned helplessness. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 14: 1315-1325.

18

91. Smalheiser, N.R., Zhou, W. and Torvik, V.I. (2011) Distribution of “characteristic”
terms in MEDLINE literatures. Information, 2(2), 266-276.
92. Smalheiser, N.R. (2011). Sometimes non-IRB approved research deserves a second
look. J. Clinical Research and Bioethics 2:104.
93. Piriyapongsa, J., Jordan, I.K., Conley, A. B., Tom Ronan and Smalheiser, N.R.
(2010) Transcription factor binding sites are highly enriched within microRNA precursor
sequences. Biology Direct 6: 61.
94. Smalheiser, N. R. (2011) Literature-based discovery: beyond the ABCs. J. Am.
Information Sci. Technol. 63: 218-224.
95. Smalheiser, N. R., Lugli, G., Thimmapuram, J., Cook, E. H. and Larson, J. (2011)
Mitochondrial small RNAs that are up-regulated during olfactory discrimination training
in mice. Mitochondrion 11: 994-995. doi:10.1016/j.mito.2011.08.014
96. Smalheiser, N. R. (2012). The search for endogenous siRNAs in the mammalian
brain. Exp. Neurol 235: 455-463.
97. Lugli, G., Larson, J., Demars, M.P. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2012) Primary
microRNA precursor transcripts are localized at postsynaptic densities in adult mouse
forebrain. J. Neurochem., submitted.
98. Shu, L., Lin, C., Meng, W., Han, Y., Yu, C. T., Smalheiser, N. R. (2012) A
framework for entity resolution with efficient blocking. 13th Intl. Conference on
Information Reuse and Integration (IRI), in press.
Manuscripts in preparation:
Smalheiser, N. R. and Manev, H. (2011) A case of opportunistic discovery: analysis and
an aesthetic principle.
Smalheiser, N. R., Larson, J. and Dwivedi, Y. (2011). Global shifts in microRNA
expression in mammalian brain: methodology, mechanisms and biology.
Smalheiser, N. R. (2011). From genome browser to text browser: a public platform to
support multi-scale text annotation, corpus sharing, information retrieval and knowledge
discovery.

INVITED BOOK CHAPTERS
Smalheiser, N. R. (2005) The Arrowsmith project: 2005 status report. Discovery
Science 2005. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence vol. 3735, eds. A. Hoffmann, H.
Motoda, and T. Scheffer, pp. 26-43, Springer-Verlag Press, Berlin. (Invited lecture at the

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8th International Conference on Discovery Science / 16th International Conference on
Algorithmic Learning Theory (Singapore, October 2005), published as a book chapter.)
Smalheiser, N.R. and Torvik, V. I. (2006) Complications in mammalian microRNA
target prediction. In "MicroRNA: Protocols", ed. S.-Y. Ying, in the series "Methods in
Molecular Biology', published by Humana Press, pp. 115-127.
Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2008) Models of microRNA-target coordination. In
“microRNAs: From Basic Science to Disease Biology”, ed. K. Appasani, Cambridge
University Press, pp. 221-226.
Smalheiser, N. R. and Torvik, V. I. (2008). The place of literature based discovery in
contemporary scientific practice. In “Literature-Based Discovery”, ed. P. Bruza and M.
Weeber, Springer Press, pp. 13-22.
Lugli, G. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2011). Preparing Synaptoneurosomes
from Adult Mouse Forebrain. In MicroRNA: Protocols, part of the series Methods in
Molecular Biology published by Humana Press. Submitted.

BOOKS AND JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUES EDITED OR CO-EDITED
Tiffany C. Veinot, Ümit V. Çatalyürek, Gang Luo, Henrique Andrade, Neil R.
Smalheiser (Eds.): ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, IHI 2010,
Arlington, VA, USA, November 11 - 12, 2010, Proceedings. ACM 2010, ISBN 978-14503-0030-8.
Andrade, H. and Smalheiser, Neil R. (eds.): Journal of Medical Systems special issue,
2011.

SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE, EDITORIALS AND BOOK REVIEWS
Smalheiser, N. and Philipson, L.(1984) Alternative medicine. New Engl J Med 310: 791.
Smalheiser, N. (1984) More on the Medical College Admission Test. New Engl J Med
311(12): 803.
Smalheiser, N. (1988) Means to immortalize neural cells. Trends in Neurosci. 11: 307.
Smalheiser, N. R. (1990) Young scientists and the future. Science 249: 1486-1487.
Smalheiser, N. R. (1992) Teaching the Human Genome Project as a case study. J.
College Science Teaching. 22: 7.
Smalheiser, N. R. (1994) review of Evolution without Selection: Form and Function by
Autoevolution. Perspect. Biol. Med. 37: 312-313.
Smalheiser, N. R., De Groote, S. L. and Case, M. M. (2009) Open-access publishing: a
new path. J. Biomed. Discovery Collaboration 4: 6.

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JOURNAL COVERS
Cell Adhesion & Communication 5: (6), 1998.
Cerebral Cortex 9: (8), 1999.

PUBLIC WEB-DEPOSITED DATABASES
Smalheiser, N.R. and Torvik, V.I. (2004) A statistical approach predicts human
microRNA targets. Genome Biol. 5: P4. http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/2/P4.
Zhou, W., Torvik, V. I. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2007) A database of terms in MEDLINE
abstracts that co-occur frequently and share the same semantic category. Deposited on
the Arrowsmith website.

PROJECT-RELATED PUBLICATIONS (supervised but was not a co-author)
Zhou, W. and Yu, C. (2005) Experiment report of TREC 2005 Genomics track ad hoc
retrieval task. The Fourteenth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC 2005) Proceedings,
Baltimore, MD. Technical report, http://ir.ohsu.edu/genomics/.
Swanson, D. R. (2006) Atrial fibrillation in athletes: Implicit literature-based connections
suggest that overtraining and subsequent inflammation may be a contributory
mechanism. Med. Hypotheses 66: 1085-1092.
Swanson, D. R. (2008) Running, esophageal acid reflux, and atrial fibrillation: a chain of
events linked by evidence from separate medical literatures. Med. Hypotheses 71: 178185.
Swanson, D. R. (2011) Literature-based resurrection of neglected medical discoveries. J.
Biomed. Discovery Collab., in press.

TECHICAL REPORTS (not peer-reviewed)
Zhou, W., Yu, C., Torvik, V. I. and Smalheiser, N. R. (2006) A concept-based
framework for passage retrieval in Genomics. Fifteenth Text REtrieval Conference
(TREC 2006) Proceedings, Baltimore, WA.
Torvik, V. I., Smalheiser, N. R. and Weeber, M. (2007) A simple Perl tokenizer and
stemmer for biomedical text. Posted on the Arrowsmith website to accompany the
Biomedical Stemmer and Tokenizer tool.

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FORMAL RESEARCH COLLABORATORS SINCE 1996 (shared active grants, were
co-authors on published papers, or submitted research grant applications together)
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Hong Kong
Benjamin Peng
Imperial College London, Department of Biological Sciences, London, UK
Anne Dell
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD
Robert McMahon, William T. Carpenter
McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Gustavo Turecki
Ohio State University
Bruce Weinberg (plus multi-institutional collaborators on his program project)
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
Aaron Cohen, Marian McDonagh
Stanford University, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Allan Reiss
State University of New York – Binghamton
Weiyi Meng
Univ. California-San Diego, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research
Maryann Martone, Guy Perkins, Diana Price
University "Campus Bio-Medico", Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Rome, Italy
Antonio Persico, Flavio Keller
University of Chicago
Don Swanson, Abraham Bookstein, Yves Lussier, Andrey Rzhetsky
UIC, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Orly Lazarov
UIC, Department of Biological Sciences
Arnold Kaplan, Thom Park
UIC, Department of Communication
Steve Jones

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UIC, Department of Computer Science
Clement Yu, Bing Liu, Philip S. Yu
UIC, Department of Medicine
Larissa Nonn
UIC, Department of Pharmacy Administration
Bruce Lambert
UIC, Department of Psychiatry
Erminio Costa, John Davis, Yogesh Dwivedi, Robert Gibbons, Dennis Grayson,
Alessandro Guidotti, John Larson, Hari Manev, Rudmila Manev, George Pappas,
Kiminobu Sugaya, John Sweeney, Vetle Torvik, Tolga Uz.
UIC, Department of Psychology
Michael Ragozzino
Univ. IL-Urbana Champaign, Beckman Institute
Michael Gabriel
Univ. IL-Urbana Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Sciences
Chip Bruce, Carole Palmer, P. Bryan Heidorn
University of Indiana at Bloomington, School of Library & Information Science
Katy Borner, Ying Ding
University of Nottingham, UK
Clive Adams
University of Tennessee at Memphis, Center for Genomics and Neurobiology
Elissa Chesler (now at Oak Ridge Natl. Labs), Ramin Homayouni (now at U of
Memphis), Rob W. Williams
University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Department of Health Sciences
Hong Yu

3. SERVICE ACTIVITIES
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES
Reviewing for NIH Study Sections: (including neuroscience, drug abuse, bio-computing
and informatics programs)
 BISTI National Centers for Excellence in Bio-Computing Special Emphasis Panels,
4/01, 9/01, 3/02.
 Neuroinformatics Special Emphasis Panel (Human Brain Project), 9/01, 12/04.

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National Library of Medicine Special Emphasis Panels 3/03, 4/04.
Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Neuroscience Integrated Review Group
7/04.
NIDA CEBRA Award review 9/04; R21/33 review 5/09.
Challenge grants 2009.
NCRR Centers (COBRE and RCMI), 2009; P41, 2011.
National Library of Medicine Technology Review Panel (ARRA contracts), 8/04.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), 2/12.
NSF Smart Health & Well Being Type 1 EXP Panel in the Information & Intelligent
Systems Division (IIS), 6/12.

Reviewing for other funding agencies:
 National Science Foundation (programs on Developmental & Cellular Neuroscience
and Genes & Genome Systems).
 US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.
 Department of Health, U. K.
 US-Israel Binational Science Foundation.
 Israel Science Foundation; Basic Science Foundation (Israel Academy of Sciences
and Humanities).
 University of Liège, Belgium.
 Alzheimer’s Association.
 Autism Speaks.
 Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong.
 Kentucky Commercialization Fund.
 Netherlands Genomics Initiative (Horizon programme).
 Research Fund "Medizinische Forschungsförderung Innsbruck" of Innsbruck Medical
University.
 Parkinson's Disease Society (UK).
 Prinses Beatrix Fonds, The Netherlands.
 India Alliance (Wellcome).
 Medical Research Council (MRC), UK.
 Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).
Leadership positions in National Organizations:
American Medical Informatics Association:
Ethical, Legal & Social Issues Working Group Chair-Elect/Chair/Past Chair 2003-2007.
Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Working Group Chair-Elect, will proceed as
Elect/Chair/Past Chair 2008-2011.
Scientific Program Committee, 2012.

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Society for Neuroscience:
Neuroinformatics Committee, member, 2009-2010.
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM):
Special Interest Group on Health Informatics (SIGHIT), Vice Chair, 2011-2013.
Member, ACM Health Informatics Task Force, 2011- present.
American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST):
Committee on Communications and Publications, Co-Chair, 2011-present.
Member of Program Committee for International Conferences:
 The 17th European Conference on Machine Learning and the 10th European
Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases,
September 18-22, 2006, Berlin, Germany.
 BioCreAtIvE - Critical Assessment for Information Extraction in Biology
Conference, April 23-25, 2007, October 7-9, 2009; Madrid, Spain. 2011, TBA.
 Pacific Symposium for Biocomputing, Hawaii, HI, January 4-8, 2008.
 IDAMAP: Intelligent Data Analysis in bioMedicine And Pharmacology, Verona,
Italy, 2009; Washington, DC, 2010; Pisa, Italy, 2012.
 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology Conference, Boston, July 9-12, 2010.
 ACM 1st International Conference on Health Informatics, Washington, DC,
November 11-12, 2010. Program Committee co-Chair for Medicine.
 EFMI (European Federation for Medical Informatics) Special Topic Conference,
Lasko, Slovenia, April 14-15, 2011.
 7th Conference of the Austrian Computer Society (OCG) Workgroup: HumanComputer Interaction & Usability Engineering (HCI&UE), Graz, Austria. November
25-26, 2011.
 1st International Conference on Health Information Science, Beijing, China, April 810, 2012.
 Medical Informatics Europe (MIE) Conference, Pisa, Italy, August 26-29, 2012.
 HI-BI-BI, International Symposium on Network Enabled Health Informatics, BioMedicine and Bioinformatics, Istanbul, Turkey, 27-28 August, 2012.
 Program co-Chair, The First International Workshop on the role of Semantic Web in
Literature-Based Discovery, IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and
Biomedicine (BIBM), Philadelphia, October 4-7, 2012.
Membership on Editorial Boards and Advisory Boards:
 Founding Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration.
Published by BioMed Central, 2005-2008; hosted by University of Illinois, 2009present. This peer reviewed, open access journal has the unique goal of bringing
together three different groups of researchers in a common forum for the first time:
namely, laboratory investigators, informatics researchers who make tools to enhance

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discovery and collaboration, and social scientists who study scientific practice. The
Editorial Board includes internationally known leaders in each of these 3 disciplinary
areas, including deans, department chairmen, named professors, program/center
directors, and a Nobel laureate.
Biology Direct. Open access, BioMed Central. Editorial board member, 2005present.
PLOS ONE. Open access, Public Library of Science. Editorial board member, 2011present.
Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Frontiers Research Foundation. Open access. Editorial
board member, 2007- present.
Biomedical Informatics Insights, Libertas Academica. Open access. 2007-present.
Health Information Science and Systems (HISS). Biomed Central, open access. 2011present.
Network Modeling and Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics. Springer,
2012-present.
Health Systems, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011-present.
Transactions of the IL State Academy of Science. Editorial Board member and Chair,
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education Division, 1994-1996.
Member, Technical Advisory Board for “VIVO, Enabling National Networking of
Scientists,” 2009-present. This is a NIH-funded multi-institutional consortium (Mike
Conlon, Univ. of Florida, PI) that will use Semantic Web-enabled technologies to
facilitate querying and collaboration across disciplines and institutions.

Ad Hoc Reviewer:
 Neuroscience and Psychiatry Journals:
Behavioral and Brain Sciences; Brain Research; Cardiovascular Psychiatry and
Neurology; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology; The Cerebellum; Journal of Cerebral
Blood Flow and Metabolism; Journal of Neurochemistry; Journal of Neuroscience;
Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health; Journal of Neuroscience Research;
Molecular Psychiatry; Nature Reviews Neuroscience; Neuropharmacology; Neuroreport;
Neuroscience; Neuroscience Research; Restorative Neurology & Neuroscience; Trends
in Neurosciences.
 Other Biomedical Journals:
Acta Histochemica; Biochemical Journal; Biochemical Pharmacology; Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Gene Regulatory Mechanisms; BMC Developmental Biology;
BMC Genomics; BMC Systems Biology, Briefings in Functional Genomics and
Proteomics; Cell Research; Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters; Experimental Cell
Research; International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology; IUBMB Life; Journal
of Biological Chemistry; Journal of Cell Biology; Journal of Clinical Investigation;
Journal of Heredity; Life Sciences; Mechanisms of Aging and Development; Mobile
Genetic Elements; Molecular Biology and Evolution; Nature Communications; Nature
Structural and Molecular Biology; Nucleic Acids Research; Oncogene; PLOS
Computational Biology; PLOS One; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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USA; Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine; RNA; Trends
in Genetics; Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA.
 Informatics Journals:
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology; Bioinformatics; BMC
Bioinformatics; BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making; Frontiers in
Neuroinformatics; IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and
Bioinformatics; Information Processing & Management; Journal of the American Society
of Information Science & Technology; Journal of Biomedical Informatics; Journal of
Medical Internet Research; Neuroinformatics.
 Multi-Disciplinary and Humanities Journals:
Isis; Issues in Integrative Studies; Perspectives in Biology and Medicine; Synthese.
 Conferences and Books:
American Medical Informatics Association; Medinfo (International Medical Informatics
Association); MIE (European Federation for Medical Informatics, EFMI); American
Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST). Blackwell Press (for a book
on scientific discovery and one on exosome biology); EFMI Special Topic Conference.
Service for NIH Office of Neuroinformatics
Leader of Human Brain Project Working Group on Data Mining, 2005-present.
University of Illinois at Chicago Service Involvement:
 UIC Faculty Senate Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee, 2013.
 Ad hoc reviewer, Campus Research Board.
 Reader, Phi Beta Kappa nominations.
 Coordinator, multi-college UIC-UIUC Visiting Speaker Program, sponsored by the
UIC Humanities Laboratory 2001-2002.
 Member, Dept. of Communication faculty search committee, 2002.
 Director, Corner for Collaborative Informatics, 2002 – present.
 Member, Chancellor’s Committee on LBGT Issues, 2004-2005.
 Member, UIC Health Informatics Task Force, 2002- 2006. This is an inter-college
committee that reported to Dean Tate.
 Member, Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Informatics Working
Group, 2006-present. UIC received a CTSA planning grant in September 2006, and
this multi-college working group was charged with planning and implementing
informatics activities to support a CTSA grant application in January 2008 (which
received funding).
 Affiliated member, Project Biocultures.
 Department of Psychiatry Review Committee for research involving human subjects,
2008, 2009.
Service for Industry
 Consultant to System Biosciences (SBI), 1616 North Shoreline Blvd., Mountain
View, CA.

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Consultant to Acidophil, LLC, 2330 West Joppa Road, Suite 330, Lutherville, MD
21093.

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
Rider, Twin Cities-Chicago AIDS Ride, 1998.
Member, Lincoln Elementary School PTO Technology Committee (Oak Park, IL) 20002001.
Finisher, Chicago Marathon, 2004, 2006.
Invited speaker, Seminar for Scholars, Niles West High School, Niles, IL, March 2009.