Augustine et al v. Cornell University et al

Filing 18

OPINION AND ORDER re: 11 MOTION to Dismiss Portions of the First Amended Complaint, filed by Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Kristen Adams, 4 MOTION to Dismiss Portions of the Complaint, filed by Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Kristen Adams. Defendants' motion to dismiss Smith's disparate-treatment claim is DENIED and Defendants' motion to dismiss Smith's retaliation claim is GRANTED. Defendants' motion to dismiss the time-barred claims is GRANTED. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close the motions at docket numbers 4 and 11 . (Signed by Judge J. Paul Oetken on 6/3/2015) (spo)

U I E S A E DS RC C U T
NT D T T S I TI T O R
S U H R DS RC O N
O T E N I TI T F EWY R
OK
----------------------------------------X
-------------------:
M R E EA G SI E KI H B OW, :
A L N U U T N, ES A R N
LS C B E AI E T F A CS ad
I A A R R, V T E R NI n
,
:
T
AMM SMT,
Y IH
:
Pi i s :
l nf,
a tf
:
-v
:
:
C R E LU I E ST , EL C R E L :
O N L N V RI Y WI L O N L
M DC LC L E EadKI T N A AM ,
E I A O L G, n RS E
D S:
D edn. :
e na s
f
t
:
-------------------- X
--------------------------------------

1- V 70 (P )
4C -87J O
OI I NA DO D R
PN O N R E

J P U O T E,Dt cJde
. A L E K N irt ug
si
:
Pi i s M ln Ags n K saBo n L aCbr IeeF n sadT m y
l nf a ee uuie e h r w i ara vt r c, n a m
a tf r
t , i
, s
e, t a i
Si b nt s c o aa s Cre U v s y Wl Cre Md a C lg(oeie
m h r gh ain g n t onl n ei , el onl e c oeec lc v y
t i i t
i
l i rt
i
l
il l
l t l
“Wl )adKs nAa sae niead c m a o ote a s faeni a o o
el ,n rt d m l g g lg i r i t n n h bs orci v lin f
i”
ie
, l i l l s i ni
i
ot
2 USC§ 91 nteN wYr C yH mnR h L w “ Y H L,NYC A m .
8 ... 18 ad h e ok i u a i t a ( N C R ” ... d i
t
gs
)
n
Cd § -0 esq D edn mvt d m sS i ’ ci s ne Fd a R e fC i
oe 811 t e
. e na s oeoi i m h l m ud ee l u o i l
f
t
s s
ts a
r
r l
v
Poeu 1()6 1 Frteesntaf l w D edn’m ins rn d n a ad
rcdr 2b ) o hraos h o o, e na s o oi g t i p t n
e
(.
tl
f
t
t
ae
r
dn dn a.
e ei p t
i
r
I
.

Bc go n2
akr u d
S i , b c w mn ¶ 1) s Sn rA m irieSc t yn h ae hs lg
m hal k o a ( 13 i a e o d i s a v e e ri te ns e o y
t
a
,
i
nt t
ra
t io

dp t e o Wl Cre Md a C lg i Mnaa ( 15 Aa saw t w mn ¶
ea mn f el onl e c oee n ahtn ¶ 1) d m
r t
i
l il l
t
.
, he o a (
i
1

D edn a omvt d m smn otete Pi i sci s n h A edd
e na sl oeoi i ay fh o r l nf ’l mi te mne
f
t s
s s
h a tf a
C m a t D.N 1) n h gontate a t m b rd Pi i scneeh te
o pi ( k o 0 ote rud h hyr i e a e l nf ocdta h
ln t .
t
e - r . a tf
t
a
ci s dnf d yD edn a t m- r d ( e D.N 1 Pi i s M mrnu o
l mie i e b e na sr i e a e S
a
ti
f
t e
b r . e k o 5l nf ’ e o d m f
t . , a tf
L wnOpsin oD edn’ M in oD m s a2 D edn’m int d m s
a i pot t e na s o ot i i ,t. e na s o o oi i
io
f
t
t
ss
) f
t t
s s
toel mite fr g n d
hs ci ss h eo r t .
a
r e ae
2

Te o oiga s rtknr m h A eddC m a t n a a u etufrh
hf l w fc a ae fo te mne o pi adr s mdre ote
l n t e
ln
e s
proe oten a m in Bcueh p t s o e o y m h ci so y hfc
upss fhis n o o easte ai cn s n S i ’ l m n tea s
tt t .
re t t l
ts a , l
t
1

1) s h Sp v o ote ea mn(d Atetp d i s a rfrh dp t e,
4 ite ue i r f h dp t e i ) s h “ a m ir o ote ea mn
,
rs
r t .
.
o
nt t ”
r t
Aa ss p n pl rsos lfr e on dcin.. n u n , n rl, hdcin
d mi “r c a yepn b o p sne e s s.ic d g i eaa ee s s
iil
ie
r
l io
li
t it
io
rg d gwapsint c a,wo s ] o os efr r m in adwos ] o
ea i h ot s or t h [ ct cn d o po o os n h [ ct
rn
t io
ee
i
ir
t ,
i
ui al po o. ( 17
l m e r m e ¶ 1)
t ty
t”
.
Aa s a e eie po o e p ye b “t [ g [h rjb ec p os ad
d m cn f c v y r m e m oes y aei ] te] o ds i in” n
ft l
t
l
lr n
i
rt
“s g[ g[h mn w ue ”( 10 Se f a y b ad g e d is—h d isr
a in n] te ] e d is ¶ 2 ) pci l, y d n n w ue te ue a
s i
t.
.
i cl
i
t
t
e
“i i [ r d c t n( 11 Aa s a mk e p ye e g lfr r m in ad a
w h h ] i ri ”¶ 2)— d m cn ae m oesl i e o po o os n py
t n e s eo
l
ib
t
r ssi ) Aa s ate bi t c a a r m in opr n y o S i ,wo a md
a e(d d m hd h a l yor t po o oa po u t fr m h h hd ae
i
.
.
it
ee
t l
ti
t
“ pa d n adnrqe s o.. a po o ot b c a di.b wy feeic ae
r e e ad re eus fr. [ r m in o er t (e y a olv n es
e t
t
t
]
t
e e .,
l r ,
t
e.”( 12 S i nv rc vd h bn i oapo o oaopr n y (. B mn
t) ¶ 2 ) m h ee ee ete eet f r m in po u t I ) u ay
c.
.
t
r i
f
t l
t i. d
Cua a e p ye d .( d
acs n m oesi I )
i
l
d .
Te r c a mas yw c Aa sic m ae aa s S i ws hogte
h p n p en b h h d m d r i t d g nt m h atruh h
iil
i
si n
i
t
a in e otss n ds i in fwr I “nfo t hv [ eCua a e p ye ..
s g mn fak ad ec p o o ok n a e r o aet acs n m oes .
s
t
rt
.
ft
h
i
l
]
po o d Aa s pa d h ro ds i int r lc“uetssw c se n why
r m e ” d m ud ete jb ec p os oe e d isak h h h ke te
t,
t
i
rt
f t t/
i
nv p fr e ”(d Se f a y i 21 ad 03 a aKl naCua a). [n]
ee e o md I ) pci l , n 01 n 21 “M i ii ( acs n.. ad
r r
.
.
i cl
, r lo
i
Lcy e aoaCua a) hd h r ue “nacd b w e orq rd o e o m h
ae F r ( acs n ate d is ehne” u e n eu et p fr te
rr
i ”
i t
t r t i
r
adin jb ue ( 15 Tetssw em e ‘de’n n fo t ic aeh r
d t a o d is ¶ 2 ) h “ k e e l addi a e r o n este
io l
t.
.
a
r ry
ft
r
i
s a ead o u h ehneh r r m a l y” Ma w l Aa srpa dy nacd
a r s nt fr e nacte po o bi . en he d m “ e e ehne
li
tr
i
t it
i,
e tl
[ m h ] ue b r uet cn d h fr oc ma po o os yi u o[e rc ”
S i ’ d is u e sd o os e e o cno i n r m in b vte f h ] ae
ts t
tf
ir r
tt
t
r
r .
( 14
¶ 2)
.
I O oe 20 aCua a e p ye K s Wt,ws r m e S i c m a e
n c b 09 acs n m oe ei ee a po o d m h o pi d
t r ,
i
l , l
lr
t. t
ln
t Wls u a rsu e dp t e. Rn G nk a u a rsu e oie t d e
o el h mneor s ea mn ad l sy h mn eor s f c, o h
i’
c
r t
i i ,
c f r l r

r ea t h ci sr d cse A rcr ca osrt teA eddC m a t n s
e vn o e l m a i u d l eodit n a o h mne o pi u e
l t
ra
e s s. l
ti
e
ln ls
se f dte w e
pci o ri .
ie h s
2

“n [ ]aeh mt ay u h ’ n std h .. Aa swu r aa aa s h i
‘o t tkt s ae n fr e adt eta . d m o delt g n e f
to
i tr
tr
a
t
l ti e i t r
sei ”( 17 b ce i o g a.
h d. ¶ 2 (r k s n r i l)
d
a t
i n)
A e l e S i gvte ns e o g dp t e ao rig n n m oe
ya a r m h ae h ae hs l y ea mn l wa n o a e p ye
r t, t
t io
r t
t
l
si ain uvyh wsi utdrud h oie ( 18 Teo rigws ae
as c o sreta a c c a aonte f c ¶ 2 ) hl w a n a bsd
tf t
t
rle
f .
.
t
c e y nAa s rcl ic m ao (d I rsos a E p yeR a osSe asa
h f o d m s a a d r i t n I ) n epne n m oe et n pcltt
il
’ i s i ni . .
,
l
li
ii
Wlifr e S i tasewu bivet me w h h m ( 19 B o t sme n
el no md m hh h o d en td o e i i . ¶ 2 ) e r h eig
i
t t
l
i
t t
. fei
t ,
S i adte “ai p ei tera o oa ru c m a t ao Aa s Wl ad
m h n o r p tia d n h c t n f gop o pi ” bu d m el n
t
h s rc t
ei
ln
t
, i,
te c lc v “ cl ic m a o ”( 10 Ateme n,w cto p ci Fbu y
h roeier i d r i t n ¶ 3 ) t h eig h h okl en era
i l t
a a s i ni .
.
t
i
a
r
21 S i epie h cnen ao Aa s o Wlsersnt e ( 12 T o as
01 m h x a d e oc s bu d mt el rp e a v ¶ 3 ) w dy
, t ln r
r
t
i’
e ti .
.
l e “ m hr vdtwrt seh h e p ye no min obos w c cnie
a r S i aie a ok o eta e m oeifr a ol ok( h h o a d
t,
t r
t r l
t
g
i
tn
e p ye a rifr a o) a be r mvdad f g erp a be i e inl
m oe s ayno min hd en e oe n al l t hd en n n oa y
l
l
t
,
y u a
tt l
p cd n e m afe h d. ( 14 Aa s d e e”hs a s s elt n o S i ’
l e o h eli s o e” ¶ 3 ) d m “ rc dtee c ar aa o fr m h
a
r t l lr
.
i t
t
tii
ts
d c m a o c m a t ( 15
i r i t n o pi . ¶ 3 )
s i ni
ln
.
Ter aa o cn ne ( 18 Sol a e S i ’ me n w h h E p ye
h elt n o iud ¶ 3 ) hr yf r m h eig i te m oe
tii
t .
.
t t
ts t
t
l
R a osSe as Aa s ea sb a n S i ’ wr b “a n c t n no min
et n pclt d m bgn ao g g m h ok y hv g e a ifr a o
li
ii,
ti
ts
i ri
t
e h add r etdw c wu nr a y ae en e o md y. S i ad.. m h
i e de o d e
tr
l e h h o d o ml hv be p fr e b.. m h n .S i
i
l
l
r
t
t
a n ”(d T s c m ia [] . S i ’jbo e o m ee p y e tss. [n]
l e I ) h “o pc ed.. m h ot p fr h m o mn ak.. ad
o. . i
l t
ts
r
r l
t
l dh gon wr fr. Aa s oer mn..S i ad o iu[c dn h
a te rud ok o.. d mt rp ad. m h n cn nes ] ey e
i
i
t
t
i
r
po o oaopr nis (d
r m in po u t . I )
t l
t ie ” .
I My 02 Aa s se S i t t n efo teic d i o ote ea mn
n a 21 d m akd m h or s rr m hf a i s n fh dp t e,
,
t
af
s l vi
r t
we se a be wr n t teCa mn S t d i o ( 19 Tern e wu n
h e h hd en ok g o h h r a’ uei s n ¶ 3 ) ht s r o d o
r
i,
i
s i vi .
.
af
l t
hv be a r m in n wu hv e ae mr wr frh s m py (d S i ,
ae en po o o ad o d ae ni d o ok ote a e a I ) m h
t
l
tl
e
. .
t
acr n ydc nd Aa s nepne h a nd o aeS i f e I Dc me 21
co ig, eie d m i rsos tr t et hv m hi d n ee b 03
d l
l .
,
, ee
t r.
r ,
S i land h ae qaf dCua a w mn M i a M a zohd enie ao
m he eta ls ui e acs n o a as a r z a be g n jb
t r
t s li
i
, rs t a ,
v
3

iteCa mn S ttawu hv cni td po o o hdS i be g eteo 3
nh h r a’ ueh o d ae ost e a r m in a m h eni n hjb
i
s i t l
tu
t
t
v
.
( 16 S i wsmr qaf d hn M a zo easteae hd ee wre a
¶ 4 ) m h a o ui eta a r z bcuehlt a nv okdt
.
t
e li
ta
tr
r
Wls oa o o Es 6 hS e i Mnaa (I )
el lcin n a 8 t e n ahtn
i’
t
t t rt
t . d
.
S i nn h e cn net rqe ta “n n acswe b..S i hd ejb
m h oe e s o iud oeus h, ois ne h ey. m h a h o
t
tls t
t t
t
r
t
r
ds i in pa d Aa s a a n S i ’ c dna t te u a rsu e dp t e
ec p o ud e ” d m ps l g m h r e i s o h h mn eor s ea mn
rt
t,
s o
t s e tl
c
r t
fr os e t n f po o o ( 14 Aa s ostn yeue (d Tu we S i
ocn d a o oa r m in ¶ 4 ) d m cn s t r sd I ) hs hn m h
i ri
t .
.
i el f . .
,
t
cn c d WlsH mnRsu e C mesinD e o sews no md h sews o
o a e el u a eor s o pna o i c r h aifr eta h a n
tt
i’
c
t
r t,
t
t
e g lfr po o o “ h ws easteH C mesinD e o hd n u a d o
l i e o a r m in T s a bcueh R o pna o i c r a a o d ejb
ib
t . i
t
rt
tt
ds i in o..S i w c d n ic d a teak ad ue[h ws e o m gt
ec p o fr. m h h hi o n uel htss n d isse a p fr i a
rt
t i d t l
l
t
]
r
n
tat m ”( 15
h i e ¶ 4)
t .
.
I
I
.

D cs o
i uin
s s
D edn mvt d m sS i ’st - n fd a l wl mfric m a r
e na s oeoi i m h t e ad ee l a ci s o d r i t y
f
t
s s
ts a
ra
si n o

flrt po o ad oiear aa o
a u o r m e n frl g elt n
i e
t
l l tii .
A
.

Lg Sa dr
ea t n ad
l

T sr v am in oi m s ne Fd a R e 2b 6 a o pi “ u cni
o uv e o ot d i ud ee l u 1() ) c m a t ms o a
i
t
s s
r
r l
(,
ln
t tn
sf c nfc a mt, ce e atu t ‘ a al m oeetai p u b oi fc’
ui e a u ae acp d sre ost ci t ri h s l s l nt ae ”
fi t t l t r
t
, te a
lf t a i e s .
Ahr t. qa, 5 US6268 20) qo nBlA a i Cr v T o b , 5 US
sco vIb 56 .. 6 7 (09(u ige t nc op . w m y 50 ..
f
l
,
t l lt
.
l
5450 20) Tetnad f fcl lu bi ”sm we “ el nf p as a u
4 7 (07. h s d o “ i p s it i e hnt pi i l dfc a
,
)
a r
a a a ily
t
h a tf e
tl
cn ntaa o s h cu t d whraoa en rneh te e na il b frh
o e h l wte or o r teesnb if ecta h d edn si l ote
tt tl
t
a
l e
t
f
t ae
m cnu aee ” I P u bi i dt cfo poa l yad awllae c m a t
i odc l gd d l s it sii tr m rbbi, n “ e-edd o pi
s
t l . . a ily
sn
it
lp
ln
my rce eeiisie a avjdeh a u pof fh fc aeeii poa e
a poed vnftt ks svyugta c a ro otea sl gds mrbb,
r
t tl
t l
l
adh aeoeys eye o ad n k y Nle v Rb , 4 F d 86 (dC.
nta rcv i v r m e n u ie. i sn. a n 76 . 5 2 2 i
t
r
r
t
l l” e
i
3 ,
r

3

Te ot n o e ws oalv 6 adS i ws n aalv 5 ( 17
h psi ps d afr “ e , n m h a o yt “ e . ¶ 4 )
io t
el ”
t
l
el ”
.
4

21) qo n T o b , 5 USa56( t n qot nm k o ie)Ate a ei e
04(u ig w m y 50 ..t 5)i e a u a o a s mtd t h s mt m
t
l
n r l ti
r
t .
,
a ori “o bud o ce atu aeacn u o cuhd s fc aaea o ”
cu s n ont acp sre lg oc s n oce a aa u l gin
t
t
t
l li
tll t .
T o b , 5 USa55i en qot nm k mtd “ h ab eet s fh
w m y 50 ..t 5 ( t a u a o a o ie) Tr da rca ote
l
n r l ti
r
t .
e r il
e mn oa as o ainspo e b m e oc sr st mn, o osf c ”Ib ,
l e s f cue f c o upr d y e cn uoyt e e sd n uie qa
e t
t ,
t
r
l
a
t
t f .
l
56USa68
5 ..t 7
.
B
.

F lrt Pomt
a ue o r o
i
e

S i aeeta WladAa sl gl d c m a d g n h ote a s f e
m hl gs h el n d miea yi r i t aa s e n h bs o h
t l
t i
l l si n e i t r
i
r
rcb fl go r m e e w l po o n s ma y ui e w t e p ye Wlad
ae yai t po o h he r m igi i r qaf d he m oes el n
in
t r i
t
l l li
i
l
. i
Aa smvt d m shs aea os n h gonta S i nv tcn a y p id o
d m oeoi i teel gin ote rud h m h ee eh cl ape fr
s s
l t
t t
r
il
l
a r m in
po o o
t .
IteScn C c ta l nfae niead c m a o ote a s fm s g
nh eod i u, pi i l g g lg i r i t n n h bs o i i
ri
a tf l i l l s i ni
i
sn
o o a po o o ms od al aeeh “1ses m me o a r e e c s () h
u n n r m in u r n i l gta () hi a e b f po c dl s 2se
t
t
t i ry l
t
r
t t a;
‘p id n ws ui e fr jb o w cte m oe ws ek g p ia s () h ws
ape ad a qaf d oao fr h h h e p y ase n apcn’ 3se a
l
li
i
l r
i
l t;
r e e frh psinad 4te ot ne a e oe ad h e p y cn net se
e c d ote ot ; n ()h psi r m nd pn nte m oe o iud o ek
jt
io
io
i
l r t
apcn hv gh pi i’ qaf a os Bo n.CahtrsIc, 6 F d 0 79
p ia s a ntel nf s ui cin ” r w v oc S e n 13 . 76 0
l t i
a tf
li t .
o , .
3 ,
(dC.19) qo nM Dne Du a Cr v Gen, 1 US7282 17) “Th
2 i 98(u igc onl og s op . re 41 .. 9 0 (93. []e
r
t
l
l
.
,
)
scn e mn . cno b e a ihdm e w h v ectaal nf gn a y
eodl e .. an e s bse e l i e dneh pi i ee l
e t
t
tl
ry t i
t a tf rl
rqe e po o o cn d a o A pci apcinseu e.. ” e o n v Bl
eus d r m in os e t n se f p ia oirq rd. . P rs o. e
t
t
i ri .
ic l t
i
t i
l
3
,
r
.
A. 35F d 1 27 2 C. 04
t , 8 . 20 2 (d i 20)
l
Te pci -p ia o r ea ms f xe in “T b ecsdr m h se f
h se f apcin u d i oecp os [] e xue fo te pci
ic l t
l
t
t . o
ic
apcineu e e, n m oe ms d mnr eh ()h vcnytsu ws o
p ia o rq r mn a e p ye u e os a ta 1te aac ai e a n
l t
i
t
l
t
tt t
s
t
ps dad 2te m oe e h hd a n kolde fh vcny eo i wsie o
o e n ()h e p yei e a ( o n w g ote aac b r t afld r
t,
l
tr
)
e
fe
l
()t m et apy oitruh no m poeu s no e bte m oe”I
bae p d o p frt hogifr a rcdr edr d yh e p y. d
t t
l
l
e
s
l r .

5

S i gn a y pe st aee h sexrse atog erfrpo o o
m h ee l apa ol gta hep sd s n ds e o r m in
t
rl
r
l
t
e
r
i
t
truhno m can s ntao ee p ye w eie po o os hog s ma
hogifr a hne ad h t r m oes e g n r m intruhi i r
l
l
t h
l
r v
t
l
can s ( k N 1 Pi i s M mrnu o L wnOpsin oD edn’ M in o
hne. D. o 5 l nf ’ e o d m f a i pot t e na s o ot
l
t . , a tf
a
io
f
t
t
D m s “l nf ’ M mrnu ”) Wlcn nsh S i s m yi n ap fr
i i [Pi i s e o d m .
s s
a tf
a
]
el o edta m hi p d o p y o
i
t
t t
l d t l
sv aoe psin ic d gh Ca mn S t p m inl m e g et M a zo
ee l pn ot s n u nte h r a’ ue r o o ui al i n o a r z
r
io , l i
i
s i o t
t ty v
ta .
( e D.N 1 D edn’ M mrnu o L wnSpo ote M in oD m s
S
e k o 4 e na s e o d m f a i upr fh r o ot i i
t . , f
t
a
t
i t
s s
[ D edn’ M mrnu ” a1 ) S i rsod b ag ntase p id hogte
“ e na s e o d m ,t 7 m hepns yru gh h apetruh h
f
t
a
]
.
t
i
t
l
“b os no m poeu edre” y Wl a e, s n Aa s (l nf ’
ov uifr a rcdr no d b el
i
l
e
s
i —n m yak g d m Pi i s
l
i
. a tf
M mrnu ,t 2
e o d ma1 )
a
.
Te apa t b am ud s n n ao te rc e a r oala s m o
h e pe s o e i net d g bu h p i n u f es o e f
r
r
s ra i
t
es t e t t
S i ’ ci s A huh h A eddC m a ts ad amd oc r y n h p n i
m hsl m l ogte mne o pi i h l
t
a . t
ln
r y oe fl i ot s o t t
l
at
i i,
se s olee h Aa s o dra po o oaopr nisi p b ae nte o m
e mt a gta d m cu ce er m in po u t s m y yl r gh fr a
l
t
l
t
t l
t ie
l
ti
l
jb ec p os f ee p ye Tee m o mncags r n ,t c y pa n
o ds i in o h m oes hs e p y e hne a o sil sek g
rt
r l
.
l
t
e t rt
i,
t i
r
tr
e
i a
“r m in”n h wyh Bo n ade o n ueht m R h, hyr— t stg
po o osi te a ta r w nP rs o stee . a e te a at h s e
t
t
otei ginala —mrl k p fr ac- sd aic ae. S i aeeta Aa s
fhlia o tes o i e e o mneb e pyn ess m hl gs h d m
t t ,
t
e
r
a
r
t l
t
f sidh oi ajb ec p os fw t e p yestate wu rc v
ai ete f cl o ds i in o he m oes o h hy o d ee e
lf
fi
rt
i
l
t
l
i
“r m in ” uta Aa saet dte a e o S i bcue hi b c ds tte
po o os b h d mfld o o h s mfr m h eas sesl k epeh
t , t t
i
t
a, i
fcta S i i o e w ewl ui e fr uhra mn (¶ 2–5144 ) T ss o
a h m hst ri e- af d osc t t e. ¶ 142 4–5 h i n
t t t
h s lq li
e
t
,
. i
t
aa u -or m el m T ss s m eip a t a mnci .
flr t po o ci . h i ai p d a t r t e l m
i e t a
i
l s re e
t a
Te p iniBo n ade o n c mete oc s n h toe ae d n ap
h o n s nr w nP rs o o p h cn u ota hs css o o p y
io
t i
l
li
t
t l
h e Te p ia o-n a rq r mne s t “nu [ tatea f d i n l t o
e. h apcini fc eu e e xt oesr ] h hfc i e s o e t
r
l t
- t i
t is
e
t
t nr tf
seut at te ui cin ote o pig ad a s h d mgs o e e vdr m
pc a s o h qaf a os fh c me n cn d e te a aet b d ie fo
le
li t
t
i t,
r
te a r o uko n os h aaa l y fl rt e ot n tel nf swl ge t
h s ay f nn wjb te vlbi o ae a v psi s h pi i’ ii ns o
l
,
i it
t ni
io ,
a tf l n s
s vite ( gi o elc e o o o es f)e. P rs o 35F dt 2 H e
e enh me. nt roa s r nt r ht,t ” e o n , 8 . a27 e,
r
.,
h
l
h is c t i
3
. r
6

tee oc nsb d sb a il S i aeetase e o mdmr d is hnw e
hs cne s us e us na y m hl gs h h p fr e o ueta e
r
i
t tl . t l
t
r
e t
r
rpr d n e oi ajb ec p o E p ye woeo ds i in w e cu t
eo e o h f cl o ds i in m oes hsjb ec p os e acr e
t
r fi
rt .
l
rt
r
a
avnet h h s ayee. S i ep se a erfrh t hpet h. Te i a
dacdoi e a rlv s m h xr sd ds e ot s o apn o e h es
gr l
l
t
e
i
i
r
r
v yo l e ho o uc t ny fhtp ds iei P rs o S ma y h rq r mn
e l wi l od f ne a t ote ye ec bd n e o n . i i r, eeu e e
r
ki
ri
r
t i
ll t
i
t
e s t po cte m oefo hv go eprc o eey m oe wo a ep se a
xt o r e h e p y r m a nt ke t k f v e p ye h hs xr sd
is
tt
l r
i
a
r
l
e
gn azdwl ge i b n po o d I Toe oc n toa lsr ea h e
ee l e ii ns n e g r m e d hs cne s o r e e vn e
ri
ln s i
t. .
r, , e s l t r
bcue Wlaee y e dd omk s ay e s n ot smrf x l bs ad eas
eas ell gd dc et ae a r dci s n h o l i e a s n bcue
i l l i
l
io
i
eeb
i
ise s h tee po u t sw e vlb t adp s mbyds e b
t e mta hs opr ni e aaa eo n r u a , erd y—a e p ye.
t
t ie r i l — , e
l
i
l m oes
l l
Te eo ,S i my rce o h ci , uii n ala i p t flr-o
h r r m h a poed n e l mb ts o tes n a —aa u t
fe t
r a
t
t—
t
r
i e po o ci .I s n edai p d p a - e mnci . s o er m n gl gin
r m el m t , s a s m ei a t t a e l m At h e a i aea o
t a
iit ,
l s rert t a
r
in l t
tasews e ete o m po o ota wsl m e g et M a zo D edn’
h h a dn d h fr a r m in h a ui al i n o a r z e na s
t
i
l
t
t
t ty v
ta , f
t
m ins rn d S i hs o p ae fc sf c nt g eieo h raoa en rne
o oi g t . m h a n l dd a s ui e oi r t teesnb if ec
t
ae
t
t e
t fi t
v s
l e
tase p id hog a edre “ fr a poeu frh po o o r h,h hs
h h apetruh n no di o m ” rcdr ot s r m in a e se a
t
l
s n
l
e
i
t ;tr
p ae o yh se eiet t n ei o psin n h Ca mn S t w hua a
l dd n ta h dc nd or s rn a ot i te h r a’ ue i o py
e
l t
l
af t
io
i
s i t t
r s adh a e ad h fa r M a zows f rd jb n h Ca mn S t w h
a e nta ya n a a l e a r z a o e aoi te h r a’ ue i a
i
t
r
l t
ta
fe
i
s i t
pya e Te mne c m a t os o g eieo raoa en rneh M a zo
a r s h a edd o pi de n i r t aesnb if ecta a r z
i.
ln
t v s
l e
t ta
d n fr a y p y ot srn e
i o o ml ap frh t s r
d t
l
l
i a f.
C
.

R aa o
elt n
ti i

Nx S i aeeta Aa s n Wliea yeltd g n h fr o pi n
e , m hl gs h d m ad ell gl r aa aa s e o c m a ig
t t l
t
i l l ti e i t r
ln
ao rcl ic m a oi te ns e o g dp t e. D edn mvt d m s e
bu a ad r i t n n h ae hs l y ea mn e na s oeoi i h
t i s i ni
t io
r t f
t
s s r
aea os n h gons h ( se a n aee ay de e m o mnain eas
l gin o te rudta a h hs o l gd n av s e p y e c o bcue
l t
t)
tl
r
l
t t
sei n a ul ap t ay pn ot n () h hs osf c n yl gd cua
h d o c a y p yo n oe psi s bse a n ui e l aee a as
d t tl
l
io ;
t fi t l
l
cnein ewe h c m a t n ay upr d de e c os ad cayupr d
onc o b en e o pi ad n pro e av s ain; n ( n p o e
t
t
r
ln
t
r t
)
r t
av s ain a isf c n y ee. TeCu hsl ay drseteitru e
de e c osr nui e l sv e h or a a ed ad sd hfsag mn
r t
e
fi t
r
t
r
e
r
t
7

aoeste us o h eswe e S i aee a ui e cuacnein ewe h
bv oh qein e i h h m hl gs sf c n as onc o b en e
,
t
r
tr t l
fi t
l
t
t
r
po c d c v y n a ui e l sv eeltr a .
r e e ai t ad sf c n y ee r aa y c
t t ti
fi t
r ti o t
“ o s bs a rmfc cs or aa o a e p yemsso ‘1 p tia o
T e a ih p a a e ae felt n n m oe u h w[] ai pin
tl
i
i
tii ,
l
t
rc t
i a r e e ai t ko n o h d edn [] n m o mnainiavn g gh
n po c d c v y n wt te e na ; 2a e p y e c o d da a nte
t t ti
f
t
l
t t
s
ti
pi i; n [] cuacnein ewete r e e ai t ad h av s e p y e
l nf ad 3 a as onc o b en h po c d c v y n te de e m o mn
a tf
l
t
t
t t ti
r
l
t
ain ”Try.Ahr t 36F d 2 11 2 C. 03(u igu n.GenTe
co ’ e v sco , 3 . 18 4 (d i 20) qo nQ n v re re
t .
r
f
3
,
r
t
i
Ce tCr , 5 F d 5 79 2 C.98 (ec b gTl V r aa o s nad se
rd op 19 . 79 6 (d i 19) ds i n ie I elt nt d ) e
i
.
3
,
r
)
r i t I tii a r ;
a oik v B ns 53F d 5 14 2 C. 00(o nta§ 91l m N SR
l H s. a e , 9 . 19 6 (d i 21) n igh 18 ci s YH L
s c
i
3
,
r
t
t
a ,
ci sadTl V ci s or aa o a a aa zd nete a er m wr) Ud
l m n ie I l mfrelt nr l n ye ud h s m f e ok ne
a ,
t I a
ti i e l l
r
a
.
r
te Y H L h pi i cn u a te eod rn m e b soigh te m oe
hN C R, el nf a ssi h scn pog e l y h w ta h e p y
t a tf
tn
ry
n t
l r
d s m h gh wu braoa y k yo e r p snr m na ni po c d
i o e i ta o d eesnb l e t d ea e o fo egg gn r e e
d
tn t l
l il
t
r
i
tt
ai t E. Wl m v N .. Hu A h 6 AD d 27–1 NY Ap D. s Dp
c v y . , l a s. . C os u . 1 .. 6 07 (.. p i 1 e’
t i. g ii
Y
. t,
3 ,
. v t
t
s hi
i il
, ., 1 . 12 1 (d i
3
,
r
20)seloiak.Ce tAr o CevexN A.Ic 75F d 0 12 2 C.
09 e a M l v rd g c e huru . m n
;
21)
03
.
S i aeetaal t pwslcd n efe a n ad h aobo ws
m hl gs h f r a p e o h i cb e nta lgok a
t l
t ya
a
rl i t
t
r mvdr m e ds te a a e h c m a toH.( 18 A huh ht mo l
e oe fo h ek h dyf r e o pi t R ¶ 3 ) l ogtee pr
r
t r
ln
. t
a
r a os p ewe h c m a t n tee c il e sf c nt aee asin h a s
et nh b en e o pi ad hs as si l ui e ol g cua o te c
li i t
r
ln
t
k y fi t l
t ,
t
ta S i aee a r aa r a pi ynui e t cni t a m e a y de e
h m hl gsr elt yr l n isf c n o ost e “ a rl av s
t t l
e ti o e a l
fi t
tu
t il
r
cag”nS i ’ cn t n oe p y e, r vn n cta wu raoa y e r n
hnei m h odi s f m o mn o ee a a h o desnb d ea
ts
io
l
t
t t l
l t
e p yer ma n a r e e ain Se a ba.NYC B o Eu , 0 F d 3 60
m oefo tk g po c d c o. e G ay v ... d f dc 22 . 66 4
l
i
tt t
l
.
.
3
,
c
a
r .
3
,
r
(dC. 00(u igihrsn.NY S t Dpt fCr Sr , 8 F d 2 46 2 C.
2 i 20) qo n R ado v .. t e e’ o o .ev 10 . 46 4 (d i
r
t
19) ( t n qot nm k o ie)sed( T b‘ a rly de ea hnen
99 i e a u a o a s mtd ei “ o e m e a av s cagi
) n r l ti
r
t ;
.
t il
r’
wr n cn t n ms b‘ o drp vta am enovn ne r nl rin fo
ok g odi s u e mr i u iehn e icne ec o a ae t ojb
i
io
t
e s t
r
i
t ao
rsos it s” se loiak, 1 F d 13 h d gh, ne N C R, cusmy
epn bie’ ; e a M l 75 . a 1 (o i ta ud Y H L“or a
i li . )
s hi
3
ln t
r
t
8

sl d m sr ynus nacss ( t n qot nm k o ie) A p ae S i
tli i tu isb a i ae”i e a u a o a s mtd) sl dd m h
i s s l
t tl
n r l ti
r
t .
e , t
ac bs o aiu riniact teobo adlas o a s oieieo hif ec
s ie n p t l s i cneo hlgok n p d n fc t g r t ten rne
r
rc a g f
e
t
v s
e
tatelt pa p c d n ecb efr n rao o eta c c n fe 4
h hf r wsl e o h a n o ayesnt rhn a h gl s
t
ya
a
r it
h
t i i.
S i s ma yl gs h Aa s gn aflrt “r m e h a ds iei te
m hi i r aeeta d m s ee l a u o po o ” e s ec bd n h
t
ll l
t
’
r i e
t r
r
p v usc o ws l gl r aa r H ea huh h a swu b sf c n y vst
r i s ein a iea yelt y e,l ogte c o d e ui e l a reo
eo
t
l l ti o . r t
t
l
fi t e
ssi aelt nl m h cuar a os ps n e. A ds ie i te rv u
u a r aa o ci , e as et nh i uc a s ec bd n h p i s
t n tii a t
l li i
lr
r
eo
sc o S i ’ “r m in ci i bt ds ie a a od ayip a t a mnci .
ein m h po o o”l ms ee ec bd s n r n d a t r t e l m
t , ts
t
a
tr r
i r s re e
t a
Adht a mnsel gsws se il cn nos Tu tea tatel gd
nter t e h aee a e na y o iuu hs hfc h h aee
e
t
l
s tl
t
.
,
t t
l
d p a t a mn bgn e r tel gd r e ea i ts og rb s nif ec o
i a t r t e ea b oe h aee po c dc v y rn yeu ayn rne f
s re e
t
f
l
tt t i t l
t
e
cua ota m h o e w e aer e D edn’m in oi m s m h r aa o
asin h i t t ri hv asn e na s o ot d i S i ’ elt n
t
t g h s
i . f
t
t
s s
t s tii
ci i acr n yg n d
l ms cod g, r t .
a ,
il ae
I.
I
I

Cn u o
oc s n
li
Frhfrg n raos D edn’m in oi m sS i ’ d p a -ra mn
ote o o gesn e na s o ot d i m h i a t t t e
ei
, f
t
t
s s
t s s re e
t

ci i D NE adD edn’m in oi m sS i ’r aa o ci i G A T D
l ms E I D n e na s o ot d i m h elt nl ms R N E.
a
f
t
t
s s
t s tii a
D edn’m in oi m s ht m - r dl mi G A T D
e na s o ot d i tei e b r ci ss R N E.
f
t
t
s s
ae a
TeC r oteCu i d e et c stem in adcen me 4 n 1
h l k fh or s i c d ol eh o ost ok u b s ad 1
e
t rt
o
t
t
r
.
S O DRD
O R E E.
D e Jn 321
a d ue, 05
t:
N wYr N wYr
e ok e ok
,

S i i g n devt a ed e C m a t o ec b wa iayp t u riniac
m hs r t laeo mn h o pi t ds ie h,f n ai l s i cne
t
ae
r
ln
r
t
, rc a g f
teobo adl rp ae S ma ysemy mn h C m a t omrtoog y
hlgok n f t hv i i r, h a a ed e o pi t o hruh
ya
.
ll
r
ln
e
l
ds ieh fc sron n Aa s aee sb a n o h wr A p ae ii uc a
ec btea s u ud g d m sl gd ao g g f e ok sl dd ts n e
r
t r i
’ l
ti
r
.
e ,
lr
we e Aa s ain w e ui e t d eaesnb p snr ma n a r e e
h h d m s c os e sf c n o e r raoa e e o fo tk g po c d
tr
’ t
r fi t
t
l r
i
tt
ain
co
t .
4

9