Riley v. Colvin et al
Filing
33
OPINION AND ORDER re: 29 CROSS MOTION for Judgment on the Pleadings , filed by Carolyn W. Colvin; re: 22 FIRST MOTION for Judgment on the Pleadings for Plaintiff, filed by Roberta M Riley. For the foregoing reason s, Riley's motion for judgment on the pleadings (Docket# 22) is granted in part and the Commissioner's motion for judgment on the pleadings (Docket# 29) is denied. The case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. (As further set forth in this Opinion) (Signed by Magistrate Judge Gabriel W. Gorenstein on 9/30/2016) (kl)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
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ROBERTA M. RILEY,
Plaintiff,
-against-
:
:
OPINION AND ORDER
:
15 Civ. 8758 (GWG)
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
:
Defendant.
---------------------------------------------------------------x
GABRIEL W. GORENSTEIN, United States Magistrate Judge
Plaintiff Roberta M. Riley brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for judicial
review of the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying her claims for
disability insurance benefits under the Social Security Act. The parties have cross-moved for
judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c).1 For the reasons stated below,
Riley’s motion is granted to the extent of remanding the case for development of the record, and
the Commissioner’s motion is denied.
1
See Notice of Motion, filed May 11, 2016 (Docket # 22); Plaintiff’s Memorandum of
Law in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgement on the Pleadings, filed May 11, 2016
(Docket # 23) (“P. Mem.”); Declaration, filed May 11, 2016 (Docket # 24); Notice of CrossMotion, filed June 3, 2016 (Docket # 29); Memorandum of Law in Support of the
Commissioner’s Cross-Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings and in Opposition to Plaintiff’s
Motion, filed June 3, 2016 (Docket # 30) (“D. Mem.”); Reply Memorandum of Law in Further
Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings and in Opposition to Defendant’s
Cross-Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings, filed June 14, 2016 (Docket # 31) (“P. Reply”);
Reply Memorandum of Law in Support of the Commissioner’s Cross-Motion for Judgment on
the Pleadings and in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings, filed July 1,
2016 (Docket # 32) (“D. Reply”).
I. BACKGROUND
A. Riley’s Claim for Benefits and Procedural History
Riley applied for disability insurance benefits on July 23, 2012. See Administrative
Record, filed Mar. 4, 2016 (Docket # 17) (“R.”), at 317. Riley claimed to be disabled due to a
conduct disorder, bipolar disorder, mood disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, and “small
partial thickness tear of the strained infraspinatu[s] [muscle].” R. 167. She claimed that her
disability began on January 15, 2012. R. 144. It appears that in January 2011 she had been
arrested and allegedly assaulted by police officers. See, e.g., R. 42, 243, 246.
The Social Security Administration initially denied Riley’s claim on January 25, 2013.
R. 80-85. Riley requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). R. 86-87.
Riley appeared pro se before ALJ Michael Friedman at a hearing on February 27, 2014, which
was adjourned so Riley could obtain an attorney. See R. 29-36.
Riley appeared again before the ALJ on June 23, 2014. R. 37-64. She was represented
by an attorney, Douglas Kugal. R. 37, 39. On June 27, 2014, the ALJ issued a written decision
denying Riley’s claim. R. 9-22. Riley appealed the decision on July 21, 2014. R. 7; see also R.
234-38 (claimant’s brief to the Appeals Council). On September 17, 2015, the Appeals Council
denied Riley’s request for review. R. 1-3. Represented by a different attorney, Riley filed this
lawsuit. See Complaint, filed Nov. 6, 2015 (Docket # 8).
B. Summary of Facts Provided by Riley in Forms
Riley was born on January 16, 1963, R. 163, and thus was one day short of her 49th
birthday at the time of her alleged onset date, R. 69. Riley had completed one year of college
education. R. 168. She held a variety of jobs between 1999 and the date of her application,
including “car biller,” “tax preparer,” and working on “inventory” at a telemarketing business.
2
Id. (capitalization omitted); see also R. 175, 198-205 (“Work History Report”).
Riley answered questions in a “Function Report-Adult” on December 5, 2012. R. 18797. In this document, she described her daily activities and the symptoms of her conditions. She
reported not being able to sleep and suffering from nightmares. R. 188. She noted that it “takes
longer” for her to get dressed, and that bathing, hair care, and shaving were “painful.” R. 18889. She reported needing to be “[r]emind[ed] . . . to eat and take [her] medication.” R. 189.
Riley reported that she cooks “once weekly,” making food such as “chicken and rice or
steak and potatoes,” R. 189, but she “mostly eat[s] yogart [sic] and fruit or junck [sic] food,” R.
190. She noted that she “do[esn’t] cook much because sometimes I forget that I am cooking.”
Id. She reported being able to clean and do laundry on her own, but that it “takes [her] a few
months.” Id.
She stated that she only goes outside “when I have a doctor’s [appointment] or other
[appointment] or shopping to get food with help from a friend.” Id. She wrote that her
“medicine from [her] doctor for sleeping makes me tired [and] dizzie [sic].” Id. She reported
using public transportation, walking, and riding in cars when she went out, but reported that
using public transportation was difficult because she “usualy [sic] gets in altarcation [sic]” since
she “like[s] [her] space.” Id. Riley had a driver’s license but did not drive because she was
“scared to be stop[ped] by police.” R. 190-91. She reported shopping for food and clothes
“twice a month [for] about an hour,” noting that other people would take her shopping or shop
for her. R. 191. Riley reported going to the doctor two to four times a week. R. 192.
Riley stated that she was able to pay bills, count change, and handle a savings account.
R. 191. She claimed her ability to handle money had not changed since her onset date. Id.
Riley wrote that she had “many hobbies and [i]nterests,” and enjoyed being around
3
people, but her ability and interest to engage in her hobbies and socialize had declined
significantly due to her disability. See 191-92. She stated that she did not “like leaving [her]
house anymore,” and that she had to “make [her]self go outside to visit friends [and] family.” R.
192. However, she noted that she was “normaly [sic] social[] [and] friendly” with “family and
friends but stand off [sic] with strangers.” Id.
In general, Riley wrote that her daily activities consisted of “dealing with pain
management and anxiety,” and that her “daily routine has been affected because of the pain and
anxiety.” R. 197.
Riley claimed that pain in her right arm prevented her from lifting, reaching, and
performing some activities with her hands. See R. 192-93. She reported using a splint, which
was prescribed by a doctor, see R. 193-94, which she needed to use “all the time,” R. 194. She
could walk “about 9 Blocks” before she needed to stop and rest for “about 5 minuets [sic].” Id.
Riley also claimed to have trouble concentrating and a fear of the police. Id. She wrote
that stress or changes in her schedule “cause[] anxiety [and] hypo venilation [sic] burst of
anger,” and that she had “short term memory loss.” R. 195.
Riley described the pain in her right shoulder as “acheing [sic] and stabbing,” and stated
that it would spread “through [her] entire arm.” R. 195-96. She reported feeling the pain “all the
time,” and that “using [her] right arm” by “writing, lifting, [or] reaching” brought on pain lasting
“all the time.” R. 196. She stated that she took Tramadol and Ibuprofen multiple times a day to
deal with the pain. See id.; see also R. 222 (indicating that Riley took Diazepan for “panic
disorder,” Tramadol and Meloxican for “pain,” and Trazadone for “mood disorder”).
4
C. The Medical Evidence
Riley and the Commissioner have each provided a summary of the medical evidence
contained in the administrative record. See P. Mem. at 3-8; D. Mem. at 1-15. The Court adopts
the parties’ summaries, which do not conflict in any material way, as accurate and complete for
purposes of the issues raised in this suit. We discuss the portions of the medical record pertinent
to the adjudication of this case in section III below.
D. The Hearing before the ALJ
Riley testified that she lived alone in an apartment. R. 40. Her last job was “[g]ift
wrapping,” id., a position she held for “about two weeks,” R. 41. She initially stated that she did
not remember working at any job that lasted as long as six months “since about 2000,” id., but
then admitted that she had a job working at a car dealership from 2001 to 2008, see R. 41-42.
She described her job as “print[ing] out the paperwork” when “somebody purchases a car.” Id.
Riley testified that her right arm pain began “[i]n 2011” after she was “assaulted by a
police officer.” R. 42. She “had a couple of different physical therapists.” Id. She stated that
she could “[p]robably” lift “about five or 10 pounds,” id., and affirmed that she could “pick up
small things, like a pen or a fork.” R. 42-43. She stated that the “last place [she] was going to”
for medical care for her right arm was “Hospital for Special Surgery.” R. 43. She admitted that
she had not been there — or received any other medical treatment for the arm — “for about a
year and a half.” See id.
The ALJ then questioned Riley about her “mental or emotional condition.” Id. Riley
testified that she saw a psychiatrist “[o]nce a month,” and that this psychiatrist gave her
medication. Id. She reported that she had seen a therapist as well “at one time, but [the
therapist] left, and they never gave me another one.” R. 43-44. Riley stated that she took
5
medication. Id. When the ALJ asked if “the medication help[ed]” her, she responded, “it helps
me sleep.” Id.
Riley indicated that she found it was difficult for her to concentrate or focus, be around
people, remember things, and that she was easily upset or angered. See id. She stated that her
psychiatrist had not helped her “as far as the depression,” but as “far as going to sleep, yeah.”
Id.
The ALJ asked Riley if she “ha[d] a lawsuit going on” related to the alleged assault by
police officers. R. 45. She told him that she had a lawsuit at one point, but that it was settled.
See id. She said that other than her arm pain, she only felt pain “in [her] feet time to time,”
which doctors had not explained to her. Id.
Riley told the ALJ that a friend did her grocery shopping for her. R. 45-46. She “used to
cook ‘til [she] started burning things.” R. 46. She did “not eat much . . . a smoothie or a salad.”
Id. She reported that her friend “puts the trash out,” but that her apartment otherwise did not
need cleaning. Id.
Riley “used to” like to read, id., and “channel surf[s]” when she watches television, R.
47. She drinks alcoholic beverages “[o]nce in a blue moon” and smokes “[a]bout a pack [of
cigarettes] a day.” Id.
Riley described her average day as involving “sur[fing] channels” and “look[ing] at the
Internet.” Id. She said that, “[s]ometimes, [she] look[s] for jobs.” Id. When the ALJ asked
“what kind of jobs” she looked for, she responded, “[a]ny kind of job.” Id. She also indicated
that she had no preference as to what type of work she would do. See R. 48.
The ALJ asked Riley, “[W]hat do you think it is that keeps you from working today?
What is the main difficulty you have that keeps you from working?” Id. She responded, “[t]he
6
medication I take makes me tired. Sometimes, I feel faint.” Id.
On examination by her attorney, Riley testified that she had been obtaining psychiatric
care at The Institute for Family Health (“TIFH”) approximately once a month since 2011. See
id. She received medication from these visits, which she took as prescribed. See R. 48-49. She
responded affirmatively when her attorney asked if “the person prescribing the medications also
talk[s] to” her. R. 48.
Riley had taken “a whole bunch of different medications” since 2011. R. 49. She
believed that her fatigue was a side effect of the medication, and she had told her psychiatrist
about this problem. See id. She described her fatigue as making her “tired; I feel sometimes like
I’m going to pass out.” Id.
Riley stated that she has trouble keeping jobs. Id. She affirmed that she was “able to get
a job,” but that she was “not able to keep the job.” See R. 50. She testified that her difficulties
at past jobs included “[a]rguing with the customers, co-workers, [and] forgetting things.” Id.
She indicated that she had been fired from “[m]ost of [her] jobs” because of her “attitude.” See
id. Riley testified that she discusses this problem with her psychiatrist. Id.
The attorney asked Riley “[h]ow . . . depression impact[s] upon [her] ability to function.”
Id. She responded that she “do[es]n’t want to go outside and be around people.” Id. She also
testified that she was having difficulty concentrating and focusing. See R. 50-51. She
elaborated: “I could be watching something, and forget what I saw. Like, if I turn the TV on to
see what the weather is, I could be watching it, and I don’t even remember what the weather
person said.” R. 51.
Riley testified that when she was around other people, “[m]ost of the time, they say I’m
nasty, my attitude.” Id. She gave an example of when “[t]he manager at the FAO Schwarz that
7
was gift wrapping said I was condescending to her and my co-workers.” Id.
Riley discussed her fear “that somebody’s going to come in my house and get me.” Id.
She stated that she “hear[s] noises. And if I don’t take my medicine, I don’t go to sleep.” Id.
She testified that this was a result of the assault. See id. Prior to the assault in 2011, she was
“getting fired from jobs,” but the symptom of “not going outside” emerged after the assault. R.
52.
The ALJ took testimony from Vocational Expert (“VE”) Helene Feldman. See R. 52.
Feldman classified Riley’s previous work at the car dealership as “a billing cash clerk.” See R.
52-53. The ALJ gave the VE a hypothetical involving an individual with “a medium physical
RFC; restricted to jobs involving only occasional contact with supervisors, co-workers, and the
public; and requiring only tasks of a simple, routine, and repetitive nature.” R. 53-54. The ALJ
asked the VE for three examples of “jobs in the national economy which such a person could
perform.” R. 54. The VE provided three examples: “warehouse worker,” with a DOT Code of
922.687-058, see R. 54-55; “linen room attendant,” code 222.387-030, R. 55; and “bagger,” code
920.687-014, see R. 55-56.
The ALJ asked Riley about these jobs. See R. 57-59. Riley articulated certain worries
she had: namely, that she might have “[a]rguments with the customers” if she were a bagger,
because she “might not pack the bag the way the customer wants.” R. 57. She also indicated
that she had concerns about working as a linen room attendant, such as “put[ting] [the linens] in
the wrong place,” and “go[ing] in and interview[ing] to get the job.” R. 59.
The ALJ questioned Riley about her earlier statement that she would sometimes look for
work. R. 59; see also R. 47. She stated that she looked for “[c]lerical jobs.” R. 59. The ALJ
noted that because “clerical jobs involve working with people,” which is “something you feel
8
that you can’t do,” he had not “even includ[ed] that kind of hypothetical to the expert.” R. 60.
Riley explained that she had looked for those jobs “because that’s what [her] experience is in.”
Id.
Riley’s attorney then examined the VE. See id. He asked the VE to consider someone
who “due to deficits in attention and concentration was going to be off-task about 20 percent of
the time, 20 percent of the day.” Id. The VE responded that such a person “would not be able to
maintain employment.” Id. Her attorney asked about an individual who “couldn’t sustain an
ordinary routine without supervision.” Id. Specifically, he asked if such a person in “the linentype job,” id., would have a supervisor “that would check in on them, and how much time would
be tolerated to spend with them showing them repeatedly how to do the job,” R. 61. The VE
replied, “it’s a very simple task, they would need to be shown what needs to be done, where
things are placed, and, otherwise, they work independently.” Id.
The ALJ confirmed with the VE that “[a]n employee who’s off-task 10 percent or more
of the time cannot do this kind of work,” to which the VE responded “[c]orrect.” R. 62. The VE
also informed the ALJ that “[t]ypically,” such employees get one day of sick leave per month.
Id.
E. The ALJ’s Decision
The ALJ issued his decision denying Riley’s claim on June 27, 2014. See R. 22. The
ALJ decided that Riley met “the insured status requirements of the Social Security Act through
December 31, 2016”; that she “ha[d] not engaged in substantial gainful activity since January 15,
2012, the alleged onset date”; and that she suffers from “the following ‘severe’ impairments:
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorder.” R. 14.
However, the ALJ found that Riley did “not have an impairment or combination of
9
impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one the listed impairments in 20 CFR
Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 CFR 404.1520(d), 404.1525 and 404.1526).” Id. In
reaching this determination, the ALJ found that “in activities of daily living, the claimant has
mild difficulties,” with “moderate difficulties” in “social functioning,” and “moderate
difficulties” in “concentration, persistence or pace.” R. 15.
Specifically, the ALJ noted that Riley’s “mental status examination on January 2, 2013
was within normal limits.” Id. He highlighted Riley’s reports that “she dresses, bathes and
grooms herself, cooks, prepares food, cleans, does laundry, shops and manages her own money”;
that she “takes public transportation on her own but only if necessary”; and that she “has a lot of
friends and gets along well with her family.” Id. The ALJ noted that Riley reported that she
“goes out alone,” “can shop by computer,” and “retains adequate attention/concentration for
watching television and reading.” Id. He stated that Riley’s “thought processes are coherent and
goal-directed and her speech fluent and clear with adequate expressive and receptive language.”
Id. He noted that a “treating source on October 7, 2011 found her attention alert; normal thought
content; minimally impaired judgment.” Id. Given this assessment, the ALJ found that neither
“paragraph B” criteria nor “paragraph C” criteria were satisfied, referring to categories for
determining the severity of a mental impairment. R. 15-16.2
2
For mental disorders, the “Paragraph B” and “Paragraph C” criteria “describe
impairment-related functional limitations that are incompatible with the ability to do any gainful
activity.” 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpt. P, App. 1 §12.00(A). A claimant can satisfy the
“Paragraph B” criteria by a showing of at least two of the following: “Marked restriction of
activities of daily living”; “Marked difficulties in maintaining social functioning”; “Marked
difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace”; or “Repeated episodes of
decompensation, each of extended duration.” See, e.g., id. §§ 12.04(B), 12.06(B). “Marked” is
defined as “more than moderate but less than extreme” and may arise “when several activities or
functions are impaired, or even when only one is impaired, as long as the degree of limitation is
such as to interfere seriously with [a claimant’s] ability to function independently, appropriately,
10
Notwithstanding the limitations he identified in assessing Riley’s mental health “at steps
2 and 3 of the sequential evaluation process,” the ALJ found that the “mental residual functional
capacity assessment used at steps 4 and 5 of the sequential evaluation process” led to the
conclusion that Riley “has the residual functional capacity to perform medium work as defined
in 20 CFR 404.1567(c) except limited to jobs involving simple, routine, repetitive type tasks
requiring only occasional interaction with supervisors, co-workers and the public.” R. 16.
The ALJ reached this finding after “consider[ing] all symptoms and the extent to which
these symptoms can reasonably be accepted as consistent with the objective medical evidence
and other evidence.” Id. He found that Riley’s “medically determinable impairments could
reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms,” but that her “statements concerning the
intensity, persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely credible.” R. 18.
As to plaintiff’s mental health, the ALJ relied on records of Riley’s treatment at TIFH, a
consultative examination from John Miller, Ph.D., a report by Dr. Pik Sai Yung, and records
from Physician’s Assistant Harold Charles. See R. 17-18, 19-20.
The TIFH records were authored by Mable Cobin, Dr. James Weisbard, and Jodi Bassett.
See R. 17. The ALJ found that Cobin’s records from June 24, 2011, showed that Riley “denied
auditory/visual hallucinations and suicidal/homicidal ideation,” “denied alcohol and substance
abuse,” and “reported [that] she was never diagnosed with a mental illness and [was] having a
difficult time due to the assault by NYPD.” R. 17. The ALJ noted “treating source psychiatrist
Dr. Weisbard on October 7, 2011 found [Riley’s] attention alert; normal thought content;
minimally impaired judgment. Diagnosis was major depressive disorder, single episode.” Id.
effectively, and on a sustained basis.” Id. § 12.00(C). “Paragraph C” requires that a claimant
have a “complete inability to function outside the area of one’s home.” Id. § 12.06(C).
11
The ALJ interpreted Dr. Weisbard’s records from the January 23, 2012, follow-up visit as
“generally within normal limits.” Id.
The ALJ examined the records produced by Jodi Bassett, LMSW, on December 13, 2012.
Id. The ALJ emphasized that Riley reported that she was not taking medication at that time. Id.
Bassett noted that Riley “responded well to therapy and agreed to exercise by doing yoga and to
go to a holiday party.” Id. Bassett saw Riley again on January 7, 2013, “for symptoms
associated with major depression, single episode and PTSD.” Id. Riley reported taking
medication. Id. At that time, Bassett “noted [Riley] receives social support with children,
friends and extended family and there are no barriers to meeting short-term goals.” Id.
The ALJ discussed the consultative psychiatric evaluation conducted by John Miller,
Ph.D., on January 2, 2013. R. 17-18. Riley reported “[d]epressive symptoms includ[ing]
occasional social withdrawal,” and “[a]nxiety related symptoms includ[ing] being easily
fatigued, irritability, having nightmares, flashbacks . . . hypervigilance” and “panic attacks that
occur on average once or twice a week characterized by breathing difficulties, occasional
disorientation and dizziness.” R. 17. Riley ascribed these symptoms to being “arrested one
night while she was asleep in her bed,” when “she was assaulted by the arresting police officers.”
Id. Riley reported that her anxiety attacks could be triggered by seeing police officers. Id. She
also reported “auditory hallucinations . . . [and] paranoid ideation that causes her to feel that
authority figures want to hurt her.” Id. Riley also told Dr. Miller that she suffered from “shortterm memory deficits that cause her to go into a room and then forget why she went there, cause
her to leave the stove on and walk away and cause her to forget appointments.” Id. The ALJ
discounted the statements Riley made to Miller because these statements were inconsistent with
her treatment notes and other evidence in the record, such as “[m]ental status exams .
12
. . report[ing] claimant consistently as alert with no attention/concentration problems alluded to,”
id., and the fact that treatment notes made no mention of nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance,
panic attacks, or hallucinations, or short-term memory problems, see R. 17-18.
The ALJ noted that Dr. Miller opined that Riley could follow and understand simple
directions and instruction, perform simple tasks independently, maintain attention and
concentration, maintain a regular schedule, learn new tasks, perform complex tasks
independently, and make appropriate decisions. R. 18. He found that while she has “trouble
dealing appropriately with stress” and “cannot relate adequately with authority figures,” she “can
relate adequately with others.” Id. The ALJ gave Miller’s opinion “significant weight” because
his finding that “claimant functions relatively well except for problems relating to authority
figures, specifically police,” was “consistent with her allegations.” R. 20.
The ALJ noted a March 8, 2013, report by “treating psychiatrist Dr. Yung.” R. 19. This
report indicated that Riley had “‘mild depressive symptoms’ and no ‘significant posttraumatic
stress disorder.[’]” Id. (quoting R. 401-02).
The ALJ reviewed documents submitted by Physician’s Assistant Harold Charles. Id.
Charles “completed a Psychiatric/Psychological Impairment Questionnaire dated May 29, 2014
wherein he reports [Riley] with major depressive disorder and PTSD and current GAF of 60.”3
3
As explained in the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders 25 (4th ed., text revision 2000) (“DSM-IV”), the DSM-IV utilized a “multiaxial
system” that allowed for the separate assessment of different aspects of a patient’s condition. Id.
The axes were as follows:
Axis I
Axis II
Axis III
Axis IV
Clinical Disorders [and] Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of
Clinical Attention
Personality Disorders [and] Mental Retardation
General Medical Conditions
Psychological and Environmental Problems
13
Id. Charles “note[d] claimant with symptoms of sleep disturbance, mood disturbance, panic
attacks, social withdrawal and decreased energy.” Id. He “reported no evidence limitations [sic]
of claimant’s ability to remember locations and work-like procedures and mild limitations to
understand and remember one or two step instructions and moderate limitation in ability to
understand, remember and carry out detailed instructions.” Id. Charles “indicated [Riley] is
markedly limited in ability to maintain attention and concentration for extended period[s]” and
found “her ability to sustain an ordinary routine without supervision markedly limited but her
ability to work in coordination with or proximity to others without being distracted by them only
moderately limited.” Id. The ALJ further noted Charles’s findings that Riley was “markedly
limited in [her] ability to complete a normal workweek without interruptions from
psychologically based symptoms,” but that Riley was “only mildly limited [in her ability] to
perform activities within a schedule, maintain regular attendance and be punctual within
customary tolerance.” Id. Charles also found Riley “either mildly or moderately limited in
social interaction and only mildly limited in ability to travel to unfamiliar places or use public
transportation.” Id. The ALJ noted that Charles “opine[d] [Riley], on average, would likely be
absent from [work] more than 3 times a month as a result of the impairment or treatment but
Axis V
Global Assessment of Functioning
Id. These axes and the accompanying Global Assessment of Functioning (“GAF”) scale are no
longer in use. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 16 (5th ed. 2013)
(stating that the latest edition of the DSM “has moved to a nonaxial documentation of
diagnosis”).
The GAF scale reported an individual’s “psychological, social, and occupational
functioning” and was viewed as “particularly useful in tracking the clinical progress of
individuals in global terms, using a single measure.” DSM-IV at 30. A GAF score of 60
indicates “[m]oderate symptoms” or “moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school
functioning.” Id. at 32 (emphasis omitted).
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[Charles] does not differentiate whether these absenteeism [sic] would be because of treatment
or symptoms.” Id.
The ALJ also referred to certain treatment notes made by Charles in the course of his
relationship with Riley. Specifically, Charles reported on July 17, 2013, that Riley was
“clinically stable with adequate insight and judgment, no psychotic features, no
suicidal/homicidal ideation.” Id. Charles “found her thought process intact, her mood
unremarkable, no hallucinations, average intelligence and cognition within normal limits.” Id.
“On January 8, 2014, PA Charles noted claimant’s symptoms controlled with medications” and a
“mental status exam was generally within normal limits.” Id. “Progress notes from April 18,
2014 indicated claimant reported ‘I have been doing alright’ but has difficulty sleeping,” and that
Riley told Charles that she was without “side-effects from medications.” Id. “On June 14, 2014,
the claimant reported to PA Charles that she is doing ok and sleeping good [sic] with the
medications.” Id. The ALJ referred to the “most recent treatment notes for May 14, 2014,”
which “show[ed] diagnoses of depression and PTSD”; treatment reports “from April 16, 2014”
indicated that Riley “just completed a temporary seasonal job but has had some anxiety/panic
attacks along with difficulty sleeping.” R. 20.
The ALJ gave PA Charles’s opinions “partial weight because he also reports claimant
with a GAF of 60,” where “[a] GAF score of fifty-one to sixty (51-60) indicates moderate
symptoms . . . but no marked symptoms.” Id. (emphasis omitted). The ALJ “note[d] that
[Riley’s] GAF is on the high side of this differential and a GAF of 61 would only indicate some
mild symptoms.” Id. The ALJ gave “significant weight” to Charles’s finding of “no evidence
limitations [sic] of claimant’s ability to remember locations and work-like procedures and mild
limitations to understand and remember one or two step instructions and moderate limitation in
15
ability to understand, remember and carry out detailed instructions.” Id. The ALJ similarly gave
“significant weight” to Charles’s “opinion finding [Riley] either mildly or moderately limited in
social interaction and only mildly limited in ability to travel to unfamiliar places or use public
transportation.” Id. The ALJ gave “no weight” to Charles’s “opinion that, on average, [Riley]
would likely be absent from [work] more than 3 times a month as a result of the impairment”
because this finding was “non-specific and is not consistent with progress notes or a GAF of 60.”
Id.
As for her alleged physical impairment, the ALJ found that Riley’s “allegations of right
arm problems do not cause more than minimal limitations and is [sic] therefore non-severe under
the Regulations.” R. 19. The ALJ also found that Riley’s “statements concerning the intensity,
persistence and limiting effects of [her] symptoms are not entirely credible.” R. 18. The ALJ
noted that “physical examinations have been generally within normal limits.” R. 18-19. The
ALJ highlighted a July 28, 2011, physical exam from Mount Sinai Medical Center which
showed “claimant in no acute distress,” with a “[m]usculoskeletal examination indicat[ing] full
range of motion of shoulder, tenderness elicited at 180 degrees with abduction, full range of
motion of elbow, slight decrease range of motion of 4th digit, slight swelling of PIP, non-tender
otherwise.” R. 19. The ALJ also noted a “[p]hysical [e]xam on October 25, 2012 at The
Hospital for Special Surgery” which “noted that [Riley] had right shoulder pain since January
2011.” R. 18. Riley’s right hand was X-rayed during that hospital visit and the X-ray came back
negative. Id. The ALJ noted that Riley was “apparently able to do yoga post her alleged assault
injuring her right arm.” R. 19 (citing R. 332).
The ALJ supported his RFC analysis by referring to Riley’s hearing testimony that “she
has had a long series of short-term jobs due to difficulties getting along with supervisors and
16
coworkers,” which was documented in the record. R. 20 (citing R. 163-85). The ALJ noted that
Riley “related well” to him at the hearing “and she answered questions quickly and appropriately
without any evidence of a memory or concentration problem.” Id. The ALJ concluded by
explaining that he gave Riley a “medium” RFC “because of persistent complaints of tiredness
due to difficulty with sleep.” Id. Also, in light of “her depressive and anxiety related
symptoms,” the ALJ “limited her to jobs involving only simple, routine, repetitive type tasks
requiring only occasional interaction with supervisors, coworkers, and the public.” Id.
Given his RFC determination, the ALJ found that Riley was “unable to perform any past
relevant work,” id., such as her work as a “billing, tax preparer, telemarketing, and customer
service representative for the State of New York,” R. 21.
The ALJ found that Riley was “48 years old, which is defined as an individual closely
approaching advanced age, on the alleged disability onset date,” that she “has at least a high
school education and is able to communicate in English,” and that “[t]ransferability of job skills
is not material to the determination of disability.” R. 21. Thus, “[c]onsidering [Riley’s] age,
education, work experience, and residual functional capacity,” the ALJ concluded that “there are
jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that the claimant can perform.”
Id. Specifically, the ALJ noted three “representative occupations”: (1) “[w]arehouse worker,
DOT Code: 922.687, medium exertionally, SVP 2”; (2) “[l]inen [r]oom [a]ttendant, DOT Code:
222.387-030, medium exertionally, SVP 2”; and (3) “[b]agger, DOT Code: 920.687-014,
medium exertionally, SVP 2.” R. 21-22. The ALJ relied on “the testimony of the vocational
expert” to “conclude[] that . . . the claimant is capable of making a successful adjustment to
other work that exists in significant numbers in the national economy.” R. 22. Thus, the ALJ
concluded that Riley “has not been under a ‘disability’, as defined in the Social Security Act,
17
from January 15, 2012, through the date of [the ALJ’s] decision.” Id.
II. APPLICABLE LAW
A. Scope of Judicial Review Under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)
A court reviewing a final decision by the Commissioner “is limited to determining
whether the [Commissioner’s] conclusions were supported by substantial evidence in the record
and were based on a correct legal standard.” Selian v. Astrue, 708 F.3d 409, 417 (2d Cir. 2013)
(per curiam) (citation and quotation marks omitted); accord Burgess v. Astrue, 537 F.3d 117,
127 (2d Cir. 2008); see also 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (“The findings of the Commissioner of Social
Security as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive . . . .”); id.
§ 1383(c)(3). Substantial evidence is “‘more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant
evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Richardson
v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (quoting Consol. Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229
(1938)); accord Burgess, 537 F.3d at 127-28; Shaw v. Chater, 221 F.3d 126, 131 (2d Cir. 2000).
“Even where the administrative record may also adequately support contrary findings on
particular issues, the ALJ’s factual findings must be given conclusive effect so long as they are
supported by substantial evidence.” Genier v. Astrue, 606 F.3d 46, 49 (2d Cir. 2010) (per
curiam) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Thus, “[i]f the reviewing court finds
substantial evidence to support the Commissioner’s final decision, that decision must be upheld,
even if substantial evidence supporting the claimant’s position also exists.” Johnson v. Astrue,
563 F. Supp. 2d 444, 454 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) (citing Alston v. Sullivan, 904 F.2d 122, 126 (2d Cir.
1990)); accord McIntyre v. Colvin, 758 F.3d 146, 149 (2d Cir. 2014) (“If evidence is susceptible
to more than one rational interpretation, the Commissioner’s conclusion must be upheld.”)
(citation omitted). The Second Circuit has characterized the “substantial evidence” standard as
18
“a very deferential standard of review — even more so than the ‘clearly erroneous’ standard.”
Brault v. Soc. Sec. Admin., Comm’r, 683 F.3d 443, 447-48 (2d Cir. 2012) (per curiam) (citation
omitted). “The substantial evidence standard means once an ALJ finds facts, [a court] can reject
those facts only if a reasonable factfinder would have to conclude otherwise.” Id. at 448
(emphasis in original) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “The role of the
reviewing court is therefore quite limited and substantial deference is to be afforded the
Commissioner’s decision.” Johnson, 563 F. Supp. 2d at 454 (citation and internal quotation
marks omitted).
B. Standard Governing Evaluation of Disability Claims by the Agency
The Social Security Act defines the term “disability” as the “inability to engage in any
substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental
impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to
last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); accord id.
§ 1382c(a)(3)(A). A person will be found to be disabled only if it is determined that his
“impairment or impairments are of such severity that he is not only unable to do his previous
work but cannot, considering his age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind
of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy.” Id. §§ 423(d)(2)(A),
1382c(a)(3)(B).
To evaluate a claim of disability, the Commissioner is required to examine: “(1) the
objective medical facts; (2) diagnoses or medical opinions based on such facts; (3) subjective
evidence of pain or disability testified to by the claimant or others; and (4) the claimant’s
educational background, age, and work experience.” Mongeur v. Heckler, 722 F.2d 1033, 1037
(2d Cir. 1983) (per curiam) (citations omitted).
19
Regulations issued pursuant to the Social Security Act set forth a five-step process that
the Commissioner must use in evaluating a disability claim. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4); see
also Burgess, 537 F.3d at 120 (describing the five-step process). First, the Commissioner must
determine whether the claimant is currently engaged in any “substantial gainful activity.” 20
C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(I). Second, if the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity,
the Commissioner must decide if the claimant has a “severe medically determinable physical or
mental impairment,” id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii), which is an impairment or combination of
impairments that “significantly limits [the claimant’s] physical or mental ability to do basic work
activities,” id. § 404.1520(c). Third, if the claimant’s impairment is severe and “meets or
equals” one of the listings in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, and “meets the duration
requirement,” the claimant must be found disabled. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). Fourth, if the
claimant’s impairment does not meet or equal one of the listed impairments, or does not meet the
duration requirement, the Commissioner must review the claimant’s residual functional capacity
to determine if the claimant is able to do the work he or she has done in the past, i.e., “past
relevant work.” Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant is able to do such work, he or she is not
disabled. Id. Finally, if the claimant is unable to perform past relevant work, the Commissioner
must decide if the claimant’s residual functional capacity, in addition to his or her age,
education, and work experience, permit the claimant to do other work. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v).
If the claimant cannot perform other work, he or she will be deemed disabled. Id. The claimant
bears the burden of proof on all of these steps except the final one — that is, proving that there is
other work the claimant can perform. See Poupore v. Astrue, 566 F.3d 303, 306 (2d Cir. 2009)
(per curiam).
III. DISCUSSION
20
Riley argues that the Commissioner’s decision should be overturned for three reasons:
(1) the ALJ improperly decided that her right shoulder injury was not severe because, inter alia,
he failed to develop the record enough to make such a decision, see P. Mem. at 10-12; P. Reply
at 15-16; (2) the ALJ “failed to give deference to the opinions of Plaintiff’s treating physicians”
with respect to her mental disabilities and “failed to apply the correct legal standard” to those
opinions, P. Mem. at 12; and (3) “[t]he ALJ improperly discounted [her] credibility,” id. at 15.
We discuss only the argument as to the failure to develop the record as we find it
meritorious.
A. Failure to Develop the Record As to Riley’s Shoulder Complaints
Plaintiff argues that “the ALJ’s dismissal of the severity of Plaintiff’s right shoulder
impairment without attempting to seek additional information regarding the state of Plaintiff’s
condition . . . constitutes a failure to fully and [sic] develop the record.” P. Reply at 16.
1. Law Governing An ALJ’s Duty to Develop the Record
When an ALJ assesses a claimant’s alleged disability, an ALJ must develop the
claimant’s medical history for at least a twelve-month period. See Shaw, 221 F.3d at 131 (“The
ALJ has an obligation to develop the record in light of the non-adversarial nature of the benefits
proceeding . . . .”) (citing cases); accord Sims v. Apfel, 530 U.S. 103, 111 (2000) (ALJ has a
“duty to investigate the facts and develop the arguments both for and against granting benefits”)
(citation omitted); 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(B); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512(d). The governing statute
provides that the ALJ “shall make every reasonable effort to obtain from the individual’s treating
physician (or other treating health care provider) all medical evidence, including diagnostic tests,
necessary in order to properly make” the disability determination. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(B);
accord 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1512(d), 416.912(d). The ALJ’s duty to develop the record remains the
21
same regardless of whether the claimant is represented by counsel. Tejada v. Apfel, 167 F.3d
770, 774 (2d Cir. 1999) (citing Pratts v. Chater, 94 F.3d 34, 37 (2d Cir. 1996)); accord Cancel v.
Colvin, 2015 WL 865479, at *5 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 2, 2015) (citing cases). Where the ALJ fails to
develop the record, remand is appropriate. Rosa v. Callahan, 168 F.3d 72, 82-83 (2d Cir. 1999).
On the other hand, it is well established that “where there are no obvious gaps in the
administrative record, and where the ALJ already possesses a ‘complete medical history,’ the
ALJ is under no obligation to seek additional information in advance of rejecting a benefits
claim.” Id. at 79 n.5 (citing Perez v. Chater, 77 F.3d 41, 48 (2d Cir. 1996) (where the ALJ had
“already . . . obtained and considered reports” from treating physicians, the ALJ “had before him
a complete medical history, and the evidence received from the treating physicians was adequate
for him to make a determination as to disability”)).
2. Medical Evidence Relating to Riley’s Arm
Riley visited the Mount Sinai Diagnostic and Treatment Center on April 8, 2011, where
she was seen by Craig Napolitano, M.D. R. 286. Riley’s chief complaint was “assault.” Id.
She claimed that since the assault “incident in Jan 2011 . . . she has had right should[er] pain
with movement and 4th digit pain on same side.” Id. A “musculoskeletal” examination found
“normal gait and no clubbing, cyanosis, moving all extremities equally. Right shoulder with no
point tenderness, no clavicular tenderness.” R. 288. Dr. Napolitano found “pronounced
clubbing of all fingers.” Id. Overall, Dr. Napolitano described the exam as “grossly nml [sic],”
noting “[r]otator cuff tendinitis.” Id.
In a visit to the Mount Sinai Diagnostic and Treatment Center on July 28, 2011, Riley
was diagnosed with “[r]otator cuff tendinitis.” R. 282. At that visit, she reported “pain in her
shoulder extending down through her arm to her 4th digit in her right arm only.” R. 283. At that
22
visit, she was physically examined by Mark R. Kahn, M.D. R. 284. That examination found
Riley had “[f]ull range of motion of shoulder, tenderness elicited at 180 degrees with abduction,
full range of motion of elbow, slight decrease range of motion of 4th digit, slight swelling of
PIP, non-tender otherwise.” Id. On the same visit, Daniel Zanchetti, M.D., confirmed Dr.
Kahn’s findings. See R. 284-85. Specifically, Dr. Zanchetti found that Riley had “[f]ull [range
of motion] but pain at 180 degrees in right shoulder with abduction. Non-tender to palpation.
Passive range of motion full. 3rd visit for the same complaint.” R. 285.
Notwithstanding these findings, on October 25, 2012, Riley presented to Dr. David
Hyams, M.D., at The Hospital for Special Surgery. See R. 306-309. She reported “chronic
shoulder pain” as a result of the 2011 trauma which was “constant, worse with overhead
activities or lying on the shoulder.” R. 307. Dr. Hyams wrote that Riley
ha[d] active forward flexion of 180, abduction to 70 (passive, 140), external
rotation symmetric to contralateral side at 60 degrees, internal rotation is limited
to the tip of the scapula. On the opposite side, she can go to the scapular spine.
She has 4/5 strength with all rotator cuff muscle testing including the
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor as well as subscapularis limited by pain
and effort. There is some pain with cross arm adduction but does not reproduce
her symptoms. Hawkins’ is positive. Neer is negative. Spurling’s examination is
negative. She has full sensation in the extremities.
R. 308. Radiology revealed “no significant osteophytic changes,” but Riley had an “outside
MRI” from October 2, 2011, “which show[ed] small partial-thickness tear of the infraspinatus.”
Id. Dr. Hyams’s impression was that Riley’s “[p]ain at this time appears multifactorial which
includes possibly tendonitis along with muscular deconditioning and chronic pain.” Id. Dr.
Hyams recommended physical therapy, Ibuprofen “as needed three times daily . . . [with]
Tramadol for breakthrough pain,” and another visit “about 3-4 months after physical therapy.”
Id.
23
3. Analysis
Riley argues that “the ALJ’s dismissal of the severity of Plaintiff’s right shoulder
impairment without attempting to seek additional information regarding the state of Plaintiff’s
condition . . . constitutes a failure to fully and [sic] develop the record.” P. Reply at 16. The
Commissioner argues that the ALJ adequately developed the record. See D. Reply at 17-19.
As previously noted, at the hearing, Riley testified that she could lift only “about five or
10 pounds” due to her shoulder pain. R. 42. She also testified that she had seen a “couple of
different physical therapists.” Id. Yet, the record does not contain any records from those
physical therapists and is devoid of any evidence that the ALJ sought to obtain such records.
Additionally, the record does not contain any substantive evaluation or assessment of
Riley’s arm injury after the date of Dr. Hyams’s report, October 25, 2012. As described above,
Dr. Hyams’s report — authored approximately 10 months after the alleged onset date —
indicated “multifactorial” pain including “possibl[e] tendonitis” and recommended a course of
physical therapy with a follow-up visit. R. 308. At that time, Riley described her pain as
“constant, worse with overhead activities or lying on the shoulder.” Id. There is no medical
evidence at all after that date, however, describing Riley’s shoulder problems.
The Commissioner argues that evidence postdating Dr. Hyams’s October 25, 2012, report
constituted a sufficient record on which to determine the level of Riley’s impairment. See, e.g.,
D. Reply at 17 (“[T]he ALJ referred to and discussed the evidence to determine that Plaintiff’s
right upper extremity impairment was not of the severity to either significant limit [sic] her
ability to perform basic work activities . . . or impose a restriction that exceeded . . . the RFC
. . . .”). The only such evidence is a November 7, 2012, radiology report, R. 310, a consultative
report authored by Dr. Miller, R. 311-14, and treatment notes from Riley’s mental health
24
caregivers, R. 332, 420. We do not find these documents sufficient, however, to give a full
picture of Riley’s shoulder impairment.
Riley visited The Hospital for Special Surgery for radiological testing on November 7,
2012. See R. 310. The radiology report, however, does not mention Riley’s shoulder, upper
arm, or her tendonitis diagnosis. See R. 310. Indeed, the radiologist only apparently examined
Riley’s “hand and wrist.” Id.
The consultative psychological examination conducted by John Laurence Miller, Ph.D.,
on January 2, 2013,4 R. 311-14, mentions a “[r]ight shoulder tear,” R. 314, and listed “[r]ight
shoulder pain” as a “[c]hronic and current medical condition[],” R. 311. This observation was
apparently made based on Riley’s self-report, because Miller only conducted a “mental status
examination,” and did not examine her physically. See R. 312 (capitalization omitted). This
report certainly does not address the extent of any limitations on Riley’s use of her shoulder.
The ALJ also relied on notes from two mental therapy sessions. See R. 19. One note,
however, relates only that Riley “agreed to exercise this week by doing yoga,” not that she
actually performed yoga. See R. 332. Similarly, the note about Riley’s “temporary seasonal
job,” R. 19 (citing R. 420), gives absolutely no detail about what the job was, what it involved,
or the reason that Riley stopped working at that job, see R. 420 (Riley “claim[ed] to have
completed a temporary seasonal job”).
Thus, none of the evidence after the October 25, 2012, visit provides any insight into
Riley’s functional limitations.
4
Some pages of Dr. Miller’s report bear the date “January 2, 2012.” See R. 312-14. This
is clearly an error, however, and “January 2, 2013” is in fact the correct date. R. 311; accord R.
17, P. Mem. at 7; D. Mem. at 9.
25
The Commissioner accurately states that “Dr. Napolitano’s . . . diagnoses of right
shoulder tendonitis and clubbing of all of [Riley’s] fingers[] pre-date . . . the alleged onset date,”
and that “[t]here is no diagnostic or clinical evidence establishing that the supraspinatus tear
shown on the 2011 MRI persisted.” D. Mem. at 22 (emphasis in original). However, there is
evidence that her tendonitis may have persisted. See R. 308 (attributing her pain to “possibl[e]
tendonitis”). Additionally, Dr. Hyams noted a “positive” Hawkins’ test. Id. “The . . . Hawkins
test[] [is a] common assessment[] of shoulder joint impingement. Pain with . . . [this]
maneuver[] suggests subacromial impingement and/or rotator cuff tendonitis.” Kelsey v. Colvin,
2015 WL 339543, at *5 n.17 (N.D.N.Y. Jan. 23, 2015); see also Mercado v. Colvin, 2016 WL
3866587, at *4 n. 20 (S.D.N.Y. July 13, 2016); Murray v. Astrue, 2010 WL 5290063, at *4
(E.D.N.Y. Dec. 20, 2010). Thus, the status of Riley’s arm injury was ambiguous or incomplete
as of October 25, 2012.
Additionally, Social Security Ruling 96-7p dictates that an ALJ “must not draw any
inferences about an individual’s symptoms and their functional effects from a failure to seek or
pursue regular medical treatment without first considering any explanations that the individual
may provide.” SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186, at *7 (July 2, 1996). Thus, in this case, the ALJ
should have inquired as to why Riley had not sought medical treatment. Smith v. Astrue, 2013
WL 1192989, at *11-12 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 22, 2013) (citing SSR 96-7p) (ALJ should have
developed the record where record evidence indicated reasons for the plaintiff’s decision not to
seek further treatment); Genovese v. Astrue, 2012 WL 4960355, at *12 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 17, 2012)
(“[A]n ALJ is required to develop the record regarding a claimant’s failure to seek treatment in
order to take into account any explanations for such a failure.”) (citing SSR 96-7p) (additional
citation omitted); Pimenta v. Barnhart, 2006 WL 2356145, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 14, 2006) (“To
26
the extent that the ALJ relied on [the claimant’s] refusal to have surgery without determining
whether his refusal was justifiable, the decision was in error.”).
The Commissioner argues that any error at Step Two was rendered “harmless” by the
ALJ’s subsequent consideration of Riley’s arm pain during the RFC analysis. See D. Mem. at
23; R. 18-19. However, the failure to develop the record means that the ALJ could not
ultimately rule on Riley’s RFC. See Jackson v. Colvin, 2014 WL 4695080, at *18 (S.D.N.Y.
Sept. 3, 2014) (“[T]he Court cannot rule on whether the ALJ’s decision regarding [claimant’s]
functional capacity was supported by substantial evidence if the determination was based on an
incomplete record.”).
B. Development of the Record as to Mental Impairments
While not specifically framed as an issue of development of the record, Riley points out
that the opinion of Dr. Miller was written without Dr. Miller’s access to extensive mental health
records in the time period June 2011 to June 2014. See P. Reply at 6; R. 63 (noting the recent
placement into the record of Exhibits 11F through 15F (R. 330-434)). Dr. Miller’s opinion,
however, represented a critical element that led to the ALJ’s determination of Riley’s RFC and
the ALJ’s evaluation of Riley’s credibility. See R. 17-18, 20. We also note that these records
govern the relevant time period and represent the bulk of plaintiff’s treatment records. Given
that the case requires remand, Dr. Miller (or other practitioner) should be given an opportunity to
review these materials to determine whether they have any impact on the opinion he rendered
regarding Riley’s mental impairments.
*
*
*
For the reasons stated above, on remand, the ALJ should (1) make efforts to obtain
treatment notes of any providers of physical therapy; (2) inquire of Riley as to the reason she did
27
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