Leo v. Selip & Stylianou LLP et al
Filing
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DECISION AND ORDER granting the defendants' 4 motion to consolidate cases and denying their 11 motion to disqualify counsel. Leo's 13 motion to strike is moot. The Clerk of Court shall consolidate the cases under civil number 16-CV-36 and close the case bearing civil case number 16-CV-41. All further docketing shall occur in 16-CV-36. SO ORDERED. Signed by Hon. Lawrence J. Vilardo on 5/31/2019. (LCH)-CLERK TO FOLLOW UP-
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
DANIEL LEO, JR.,
Plaintiff,
v.
16-CV-36
DECISION AND ORDER
SELIP & STYLIANOU LLP,
MITCHELL SELIP,
DAVID A. COHEN, and
MITCHELL G. SLAMOWITZ,
Defendants.
DANIEL LEO, JR.,
Plaintiff,
v.
16-CV-41
DECISION AND ORDER
CYPRESS FINANCIAL RECOVERIES,
LLC,
Defendants.
In these two cases, the plaintiff, Daniel Leo, Jr., brings separate claims under the
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”). In January 2016, the defendants
removed each case to this Court from the City Court of the City of Lackawanna, New
York. No. 16-CV-36, Docket Item 1; No. 16-CV-41, Docket Item 1. The defendants in
each proceeding moved to disqualify the plaintiff’s counsel, Mitchell Pashkin, Esq.,
based on his prior employment at a law firm—Selip & Stylianou (the “Selip Firm”)—
named as a defendant in No. 16-CV-36. No. 16-CV-36, Docket Item 11; No. 16-CV-41,
Docket Item 7. In addition to being a defendant in one action, the Selip Firm represents
Cypress Financial Recoveries (“Cypress”) in the other. No. 16-CV-36, Docket Item 11;
No. 16-CV-41, Docket Item 7. On May 17, 2016, the plaintiff moved to strike the
defendants’ motions to disqualify, No. 16-CV-36, Docket Item 13; No. 16-CV-41, Docket
Item 9, and on May 26, 2016, the plaintiff otherwise responded to the defendants’
motions to disqualify, No. 16-CV-36, Docket Item 15; No. 16-CV-41, Docket Item 11.
On June 3, 2016, the defendants replied. No. 16-CV-36, Docket Item 17; No. 16-CV41, Docket Item 13.
The defendants also have moved to consolidate these cases. No. 16-CV-36,
Docket Item 4.
For the following reasons, the defendants’ motions to disqualify Pashkin are
denied, but their motion to consolidate is granted. The plaintiff’s motions to strike are
denied as moot. 1
BACKGROUND
Pashkin worked at the Selip Firm when it was known as Cohen & Slamowitz (“the
“Cohen Firm”) from June 2011 to January 2014. Docket item 16 at 1. The Selip Firm
represents financial services institutions in consumer collection matters. Docket Item 11
1
Because the papers relevant to this question are identical in both proceedings,
this Court will cite only the record in No. 16-CV-36 unless otherwise noted.
2
at 12. According to defendant Mitchell Slamowitz, Cypress is a “longstanding firm
client” of the Selip Firm. Id.
While employed at the Cohen Firm, Pashkin first served as an assistant
managing attorney and then as a managing attorney. Docket Item 11 at 13, 17.
According to Pashkin’s resume, among other duties, he “[m]anaged affirmative and
defensive litigation throughout New York State on behalf of several national and state
chartered banks and non-bank creditors including managing expenditures on outside
appearance counsel and managing resources and the priorities of the attorneys and
support staff to assist firm in meeting its monthly client goals.” Id. at 17. He also
“[d]efended national and state chartered banks, debt buyers and employers against
alleged violations of the FDCPA.” Id. at 19.
According to Slamowitz, Pashkin’s duties also included “ensuring the firm’s
procedures were compliant with its clients’ expectations and the legal requirements
applicable to consumer debt litigation.” Id. at 13. Slamowitz says that FDCPA “suits
and counterclaims are frequently asserted against [the Selip Firm] and its clients in light
of the nature of the legal work.” Id. But Pashkin says that “[m]ost of [his]
responsibilities at [the Selip Firm] had nothing to do with FDCPA defense litigation.”
Docket Item 16 at 2. Instead, he asserts that his “main responsibilities were the
management of all the affirmative litigation against consumers on behalf of [the Selip
Firm’s] clients, the management and teaching of the associate attorneys and the direct
handling of a case load of thousands of files mostly dealing with defending
counterclaims against certain clients.” Id.
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Slamowitz asserts that while working at the Cohen Firm, “Pashkin had
confidential and proprietary information about each of [the Selip Firm’s] major clients,
including [Cypress], regarding the client’s defense tactics and settlement parameters.”
Docket Item 11 at 13. But Pashkin does “not believe that [the firm] represented any
client in regard to any debt allegedly owed by [Leo]” when Pashkin worked at the Cohen
Firm. Docket Item 16 at 1.
DISCUSSION
I.
MOTION TO DISQUALIFY
The defendants have moved “to disqualify [Pashkin] pursuant to New York State
Rule of Professional Conduct 1.9.” Docket Item 11 at 6. For the following reasons, this
Court denies that motion in each case.
“The authority of federal courts to disqualify attorneys derives from their inherent
power to ‘preserve the integrity of the adversary process.’” Hempstead Video, Inc. v.
Inc. Vill. of Valley Stream, 409 F.3d 127, 132 (2d Cir. 2005) (quoting Bd. Of Educ. v.
Nyquist, 590 F.2d 1241, 1246 (2d Cir. 1979)). “In exercising this power, [courts] have
attempted to balance ‘a client’s right freely to choose his counsel’ against ‘the need to
maintain the highest standards of the profession.’” Id. (quoting Gov’t of India v. Cook
Indus., Inc., 569 F.2d 737, 739 (2d Cir. 1978)). Courts considering “disqualification
motions often benefit from guidance offered by the American Bar Association (ABA) and
state disciplinary rules,” but “such rules merely provide general guidance and not every
violation of a disciplinary rule will necessarily lead to disqualification.” Id.
The defendants argue that Pashkin’s involvement in this matter conflicts with the
principles in Rule 1.9 of the New York Rules of Professional Conduct:
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(a) A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter shall not
thereafter represent another person in the same or a substantially
related matter in which that person’s interests are materially adverse to
the interests of the former client unless the former client gives informed
consent, confirmed in writing.
(b) Unless the former client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing, a
lawyer shall not knowingly represent a person in the same or a
substantially related matter in which a firm with which the lawyer formerly
was associated had previously represented a client:
(1) whose interests are materially adverse to that person; and
(2) about whom the lawyer had acquired information
protected by Rule 1.6 [(relating to confidential information)]
or paragraph (c) of this Rule that is material to the matter.
(c) A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter or whose
present or former firm has formerly represented a client in a matter shall
not thereafter:
(1) use confidential information of the former client protected
by Rule 1.6 to the disadvantage of the former client, except
as these Rules would permit or require with respect to a
current client or when the information has become
generally known; or
(2) reveal confidential information of the former client
protected by Rule 1.6 except as these Rules would permit
or require with respect to a current client.
Although rules such as Rule 1.9 provide guidance, “disqualification is only warranted
where ‘an attorney’s conduct tends to taint the underlying trial,’ because other ethical
violations can be left to federal and state disciplinary mechanisms.” Hempstead Video,
409 F.3d at 132 (quoting Nyquist, 590 F.2d at 1246). That being said, in language
similar to that in Rule 1.9, the Second Circuit has found that
[i]n cases of successive representation, . . . an attorney may be disqualified
if:
(1) the moving party is a former client of the adverse party’s counsel;
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(2) there is a substantial relationship between the subject matter of the
counsel’s prior representation of the moving party and the issues in the
present lawsuit; and
(3) the attorney whose disqualification is sought had access to, or was likely
to have had access to, relevant privileged information in the course of
his prior representation of the client.
Id. at 133 (quoting Evans v. Artek Sys. Corp., 715 F.2d 788, 791 (2d Cir. 1983)).
In this case, the parties do not dispute the first factor: Pashkin was a lawyer (1)
who worked at a firm that is a defendant in one case and (2) who represented a client
that is the defendant in the other case. See id. (“An attorney’s conflicts are ordinarily
imputed to his firm based on the presumption that ‘associated’ attorneys share client
confidences.”). But the parties dispute whether the relationship between the subject
matter of the present proceedings and the subject matter of Pashkin’s prior
representation is sufficiently “substantial” to require Pashkin’s disqualification. See id.
In considering that question, this Court is guided by the commentary to Rule 1.9, which
provides:
The scope of a “matter” for purposes of this Rule depends on the facts of a
particular situation or transaction. The lawyer’s involvement in a matter can
also be a question of degree. When a lawyer has been directly involved in
a specific transaction, subsequent representation of other clients with
materially adverse interests in that transaction clearly is prohibited. On the
other hand, a lawyer who recurrently handled a type of problem for a former
client is not precluded from later representing another client in a factually
distinct problem of that type, even though the subsequent representation
involves a position adverse to the prior client. . . . The underlying question
is whether the lawyer was so involved in the matter that the subsequent
representation can be justly regarded as a changing of sides in the matter
in question.
N.Y. Rule Prof’l Conduct 1.9, cmt. 2. And according to another comment,
[m]atters are “substantially related” . . . if they involve the same transaction
or legal dispute or if, under the circumstances, a reasonable lawyer would
conclude that there is otherwise a substantial risk that confidential factual
information that would normally have been obtained in the prior
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representation would materially advance the client’s position in the
subsequent matter.
Id., cmt. 3. “In the case of an organizational client, general knowledge of the client’s
policies and practices ordinarily will not preclude a subsequent representation.” Id.
In Olajide v. Palisades Collection, United States District Judge Jesse M. Furman
addressed a similar motion to disqualify Pashkin in a case where Pashkin represented a
plaintiff suing another former client of the Selip firm. 2016 WL 1448859, at *1 (S.D.N.Y.
Apr. 12, 2016). As in this case, there was no dispute that the Cohen Firm, and
therefore Pashkin, had represented the defendant in that case. Id. at *3. Therefore,
Judge Furman explained, the motion to disqualify turned “on the ‘substantial
relationship’ factor.” Id.
Judge Furman denied the motion because the defendants were unable to show a
substantial relationship between the issues in the prior cases and that case. Id. at *3*4. He explained that “there is no suggestion—let alone evidence—that Plaintiff’s
account was among the debt-collection matters that [the Cohen firm] or Pashkin
handled on behalf of [the defendant].” Id. at *4. Therefore, the defendants were
required to “show that there is a ‘substantial relationship’ between the matters upon
which Pashkin (or at a minimum, [the Cohen Firm]) actually did work and [that] case,
such that ‘confidential factual information normally obtained in the prior representation
would materially advance’ Plaintiff’s . . . cause of action.” Id. (quoting N.Y. Rule Prof’l
Conduct 1.9, cmt 3.). Judge Furman determined that the defendant’s claims—that the
Cohen Firm performed legal services on 1,404 accounts referred by the defendant
during the time that Pashkin was at the firm and that Pashkin would have been privy to
the business practices, procedures, and protocols of his clients, including the
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defendant—did “not support a finding that ‘material facts of the prior representations are
necessary to the present litigation.’” Id. (quoting New York v. Monfort Trust, 2014 WL
5018607, at *5 (E.D.N.Y. Oct 7, 2014)). Judge Furman determined that “[a]t most, [the
defendant] establishe[d] that Pashkin ‘recurrently handled’ (or at least supervised)
‘factually distinct’ matters of the same ‘type’ as [that] suit, and may have had ‘general
knowledge’ of [the defendant’s] ‘policies and practices,’ but that is not enough to warrant
disqualification.” Id. (quoting N.Y. Rule Prof’l Conduct 1.9, cmts. 2-3). “In short,
because [the defendant] fails to identify ‘knowledge of specific facts gained in [the
Cohen Firm’s] prior representations that are relevant’ to this case, it fail[ed] to show that
Pashkin’s representation runs afoul of Rule 1.9 or that disqualification is necessary.” Id.
(quoting N.Y. Rule of Prof’l Conduct 1.9, cmt. 3).
Like Judge Furman in Olajide, this Court finds that Pashkin is not disqualified
from representing the plaintiff in these cases. Neither side suggests that Leo’s debts
were among the matters that the Cohen Firm handled—for Cypress or otherwise—while
Pashkin worked there. Therefore, the defendants “must show that there is a ‘substantial
relationship’ between the matters upon which Pashkin (or, at a minimum, [the Cohen
Firm]) actually did work and this case, such that ‘confidential factual information
normally obtained in the prior representation would materially advance’ [Leo’s] present
cause of action.” Id. (quoting N.Y. Rule Prof’l Conduct 1.9 cmt. 3).
As in Olajide, the defendants contend here that Pashkin’s work at the Cohen
Firm permitted him generally to have “confidential and proprietary information about
each of [the Selip Firm’s] major clients, including [Cypress], regarding the client’s
defense tactics and settlement parameters.” Docket Item 11 at 13. According to the
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defendants, that information is “extremely useful to Pashkin in his current position as an
attorney representing debtors.” Id. Nevertheless, the fact “that Pashkin ‘recurrently
handled’ (or at least supervised) ‘factually distinct’ matters of the same ‘type’ as this suit
and may have had ‘general knowledge’ of [the defendants’] ‘policies and practices,’ . . .
is not enough to warrant disqualification.” Olajide, 2016 WL 1448859, at *4 (quoting
N.Y. Rule Prof’l Conduct 1.9, cmts. 2-3). As in Olajide, the defendants here have failed
“to identify ‘knowledge of specific facts gained in [the Cohen Firm’s] prior
representations that are relevant’ to this case,” and they therefore have failed “to show
that Pashkin’s representation runs afoul of Rule 1.9 or that disqualification is
necessary.” Id. (quoting Rule 1.9, supra, cmt. 3).
For at least two reasons, “an attorney’s conduct [must] ‘taint the underlying trial”’
to disqualify the attorney from a case. Nyquist, 590 F.2d at 1246 (quoting W.T. Grant
Co. v. Haines, 531 F.2d 671, 678 (2d Cir. 1976)). First, “disqualification has an
immediate adverse effect on the client by separating him from counsel of his choice.”
Id. Second, “disqualification motions are often interposed for tactical reasons.” Id.
“And even when made in the best of faith, such motions inevitably cause delay.” Id.
Here, Pashkin’s former client was organizational and in “the case of an organizational
client, general knowledge of the client’s policies and practices ordinarily will not
preclude a subsequent representation.” N.Y. Rule Prof’l Conduct 1.9, cmt. 3. For that
reason, and because the defendants have offered nothing more than assertations about
Pashkin’s prior knowledge, he is not disqualified. 2
2
In Wai Hoe Liew v. Cohen & Slamowitz, LLP, United States District Judge Kiyo
A. Matsumoto determined that Pashkin was disqualified from a case because of his
work at the Cohen Firm. 2015 WL 5579876, at *11 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 2015). But for
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II.
MOTION TO CONSOLIDATE
The defendants also have moved to consolidate these cases. Docket Item 4.
“Rule 42(a)—entitled ‘consolidation’—provides that if ‘actions before the court involve a
common question of law or fact, the court may’ . . . ‘consolidate the actions.’” Hall v.
Hall, 138 S. Ct. 1118, 1124 (2018).(quoting Rule 42(a)(2)). Rule 42(a) “should be
prudently employed as ‘a valuable and important tool of judicial administration.’” Devlin
v. Transp. Commc’ns Int’l. Union, 175 F.3d 121, 130 (2d Cir.1999) (quoting Consorti v.
Armstrong World Ind., 72 F.3d 1003, 1006 (2d Cir. 1995)). It should be “invoked to
‘expedite trial and eliminate unnecessary repetition and confusion.’” Id. (quoting Miller
v. U.S. Postal Serv., 729 F.2d 1033, 1026 (5th Cir. 1984)). “[C]onsolidation should be
considered when ‘savings of expense and gains of efficiency can be accomplished
without sacrifice of justice.’” Id. (quoting Consorti, 72 F.3d at 1007) (emphasis in
original).
These cases involve common questions of law and fact. In both proceedings,
Leo’s claims stem from the same letters that the Cohen Firm mailed him on behalf of
Cypress at his parents’ address on August 21, 2014, and on September 9, 2014. No.
the reasons explained by the court in Olajide, and unlike this case and Olajide, the Wai
Hoe Liew case was substantially related to specific matters that Pashkin had worked on
while at the Cohen Firm. 2016 WL 1448859, at *4. In Wai Hoe Liew, “Pashkin
represented three individual plaintiffs who were suing [the Cohen Firm] on a theory of
liability identical to that pursued in a class action lawsuit against [the Cohen Firm] when
Pashkin worked at the firm.” Id. Two of the individual plaintiffs in Wai Hoe Liew
“received notice to participate as class members” of the class action litigation that
Pashkin defended against while employed at the Cohen Firm. 2015 WL 5579876, at *6.
Those plaintiffs “opted not to join as members of the class.” Id. And “Pashkin [did] not
dispute that the [Wai Hoe Liew] case [was] the same case with respect to [two plaintiffs]
and [was] substantially similar with regard to [another].” Id. That is far different than the
situation in Olajide and here.
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16-CV-36, Docket Item 1 at 10-12; No. 16-CV-41, Docket Item 1 at 9. In both
proceedings, Leo claims that the very same letters violated his rights under the FDCPA
and that those letters deceived him in violation of New York State General Business
Law § 349.
What is more, the cases can be consolidated without sacrificing justice. Leo
argues that the cases should not be consolidated because Cypress’s liability may turn
on whether the defendants in the other matter are liable. Docket Item 6 at 2. Therefore,
he argues “the case against Cypress . . . should be stayed until the conclusion of” the
other case. Id. But even assuming that Leo is correct on that point, his argument is a
non sequitur: he offers no reason why he would be prejudiced or justice would
otherwise be sacrificed by considering all his claims together and at the same time.
“[A]ctions do not lose their separate identify because of consolidation.” Hall, 138 S. Ct.
at 1130 (quoting Bank Markazi v. Peterson, 136 S. Ct. 1310, 1327 (2016)). And if
timing is a problem for some reason, consolidation will not preclude dealing with that
problem. Just because the cases are consolidated does not mean that Cypress’s
liability must be determined simultaneously with that of the other defendants.
Furthermore, Leo’s argument that “consolidation is inappropriate ‘in light of the
differences in the procedural posture of the cases,’” Docket Item 6 at 3 (quoting
Shakhnes v. Eggleston, 740 F. Supp. 2d 602, 629 (S.D.N.Y. 2010)), is without merit.
Unlike Shakhnes, where the court refused to consolidate class actions when one case
“ha[d] proceeded for four years[,] . . . ha[d] completed discovery, and [was] ripe for
summary judgment,” while the other case “was much more recently filed and [was] still
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in its nascent stages,” 740 F. Supp. 2d at 629, both these cases are presently
proceeding on the same schedule before this Court.
Therefore, the defendant’s motion to consolidate is granted. 3
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the defendants’ motions to disqualify Pashkin as
counsel are DENIED. The defendants’ motion to consolidate the cases, No 16-CV-36,
Docket Item 4, is GRANTED. The plaintiff’s motions to strike are DENIED as moot.
The Clerk of Court shall consolidate the cases under civil number 16-CV-36 and close
the case bearing civil case number 16-CV-41. All further docketing shall occur in 16CV-36.
SO ORDERED.
Dated:
May 31, 2019
Buffalo, New York
s/ Lawrence J. Vilardo
LAWRENCE J. VILARDO
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
3
Leo makes a series of other arguments against consolidation in relation to the
possibility of his counsel’s disqualification. Docket Item 6 at 7-11. But because this
Court has resolved the defendants’ motions to disqualify Leo’s counsel in Leo’s favor,
those arguments against consolidation are moot.
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