PNC Bank, N.A. v. Welsh Realty, LLC et al
Filing
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ORDER GRANTING 31 Plaintiff's Amended Motion to Dismiss Defendants' Counterclaims, and GRANTING 33 Plaintiff's Motion to Strike Defendants' Affirmative Defenses. Signed by US District Judge Terrence W. Boyle on 9/4/2014. (Fisher, M.)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA
WESTERN DIVISION
No. 5:13-CV-203-BO
PNC BANK, N.A., successor to RBC Bank
(USA), formerly known as RBC Centura
Bank,
Plaintiff,
v.
)
)
)
)
)
)
ORDER
)
WELSH REALTY, LLC, WELSH PAPER )
COMPANY, K. GORDON WELSH, and )
PEGGY B. WELSH,
)
Defendants.
)
This cause comes before the Court on plaintiff's amended motion to strike defendants'
affirmative defenses [DE 33] and amended motion to dismiss defendants' counterclaims [DE
31]. Defendants have responded to the motions [DE 38], plaintiff has replied [DE 39], and the
matter is ripe for ruling. For the reasons discussed below, plaintiff's motions are GRANTED.
BACKGROUND
RBC Centura Bank made a loan to Welsh Realty in November 2006 in the amount of
$3,119,000; the principal ofthis note was increased to $3,216,691 in September 2007. In
February 2008, RBC Centura made a second loan to Welsh Realty in the amount of$860,000.
Both notes were guaranteed by defendants Welsh Paper Company, K. Gordon Welsh, and Peggy
B. Welsh.
In March 2012, RBC Centura, then renamed RBC Bank, merged into PNC Bank. Both
notes required that all obligations thereunder would be repaid to PNC on or before February 20,
2013. After the obligations under both notes were not timely paid by either the borrower or the
guarantors, PNC filed an action in this Court on the basis of its diversity jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. §
1332. On October 2, 2013, the Court denied defendants' motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction,
failure to state a claim, and for improper venue. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(l), (3), & (6). Defendants
subsequently filed their answer, which included affirmative defenses and counterclaims alleging
that PNC fraudulently induced defendants to enter into the loan agreements by agreeing to
specific conditions which were not included in the subsequent loan agreements. [DE 28].
DISCUSSION
Before the court are plaintiffs amended motions to dismiss defendants' counterclaims
[DE 31] and to strike defendants' affirmative defenses [DE 33]. The Court first addresses
plaintiffs motion to dismiss counterclaims, followed by plaintiffs motion to strike.
I.
DEFENDANTS' COUNTERCLAIMS ARE DISMISSED.
Defendants raise three counterclaims: 1) violation of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act; 2)
fraud; and 3) violation of the North Carolina Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Plaintiff
filed a motion to dismiss all three counterclaims. The Court addresses plaintiffs bases for
dismissal in turn.
A. Equal Credit Opportunity Act Claim.
Plaintiffs motion to dismiss alleges that defendants' counterclaim under the Equal Credit
Opportunity Act is untimely. In their response, defendants concede that the claim is untimely
regardless of whether it is a two-year statute of limitations under 15 U.S.C. § 1691e(f)(2010), or a
five-year statute oflimitations pursuant to the Dodd Frank Act, Pub.L. No. 111-203, 124 Stat.
1376 (2010). Without deciding which statute oflimitations applies, the Court grants plaintiffs
motion to dismiss the counterclaim arising from the Equal Credit Opportunity Act because the
claim is untimely under either statute of limitations.
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B. Fraud and North Carolina Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act Claims.
Plaintiff moved for dismissal of defendants' remaining counterclaims pursuant to Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)( 6). A Rule 12(b)( 6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim
upon which relief can be granted challenges the legal sufficiency of a complaint. Francis v.
Giacomelli, 588 F.3d 186, 192 (4th Cir. 2009). When ruling on the motion, the court "must accept
as true all ofthe factual allegations contained in the complaint." Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89,
93-94 (2007) (citing Bell At!. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-556 (2007)). A court need
not accept as true a plaintiffs "unwarranted inferences, unreasonable conclusions, or arguments."
Eastern Shore Mkts. v. J.D. Assocs. Ltd., 213 F.3d 175, 180 (4th Cir. 2000). A trial court is "not
bound to accept as true a legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation." Twombly, 550 U.S. at
555. To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, a complain must contain facts sufficient "to raise a right
to relief above the speculative level" and to satisfy the court that the claim is "plausible on its
face." !d. at 555, 570. A federal court sitting in diversity must apply the substantive law of the
forum state-here, No1ih Carolina. See Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elec. Mfg. Co., 313 U.S. 487, 49697 (1941); Colgan Air, Inc. v. Raytheon Aircraft Co., 507 F.3d 270,275 (4th Cir.2007) (per
curiam).
Here, plaintiff is entitled to a dismissal of defendants' fraud claim under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 12(b )(6) because defendants have failed to sufficiently plead facts manifesting
their plausible right to relief. In North Carolina, the elements of fraud are "( 1) false representation
or concealment of a material fact, (2) reasonably calculated to deceive, (3) made with intent to
deceive, (4) which does in fact deceive, and (5) resulting in damage to the injured party" where
"any reliance on the allegedly false representations must be reasonable." Forbis v. Neal, 649
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S.E.2d 382, 387 (N.C. 1992). The reasonableness of a party's reliance is typically a jury question,
"unless the facts are so clear that they support only one conclusion. !d.
One scenario where the facts permit only one conclusion arises where a party claims to
reasonably rely on alleged oral representations that are either omitted from or contradicted by a
written contract. Int'l Harvester Credit Corp. v. Bowman, 316 S.E.2d 619,621 (N.C. Ct. App.
1984); see also Caper Corp. v. Wells Fargo Bank, No. 13-2152, 2014 WL 3511928, at *6 (4th
Cir. July 17, 2014). In order to reasonably rely on a representation "the recipient of a
representation must use reasonable care to ascertain the truth of that representation in order to
reasonably rely on the same." !d. A party who signs a written contract "is under a duty to
ascertain its contents, and in the absence of a showing that he was willfully misled or
misinformed ... as to those contents, or that they were kept from him in fraudulent opposition to
his request, he is held to have signed with full knowledge and assent as to what is therein
contained." Harris v. Bingham, 97 S.E.2d 456, 454 (N.C. 1957). Where a party "could have
discovered the truth [about the misrepresentation] upon inquiry, the complaint must allege that
[the plaintiff] was denied the opportunity to investigate or ... could not have learned the true
facts by exercise of reasonable diligence" in order to survive a motion to dismiss. Caper Corp. at
*6, citing Pinney v. State Farm Mut. Ins. Co., 552 S.E. 2d 186, 192 (N.C. Ct. App. 2001).
Defendants' fraud claim is predicated upon Mr. Welsh's allegations that he agreed to
refinance his loans with RBS Centura on the conditions that RBC lower interest rates whenever
market interest rates decreased and that RBC never call the loans due as long as payments were
being made. [DE 18, Counterclaim
at~
26]. Defendants concede that these alleged conditions
were not in the loan documents, which were executed after the conversation regarding the
conditions. [!d.
at~
32]. Defendants did not allege that they were denied the opportunity to
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investigate or could not have learned the true facts of the agreement. Even accepting that plaintiff
orally agreed to the conditions, defendant cannot establish that it justifiably relied on that
misrepresentation as a matter of law, because the conditions were not in the subsequently
executed loan agreements.
Defendants' unfair and deceptive trade practices claim under North Carolina law is
predicated on the alleged fraud. [!d. at~~ 35-40]. As defendants' fraud claim fails to state a claim
as a matter of law, the unfair practices claim is unsupportable and similarly warrants dismissal.
II.
ALL AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES EXCEPT FOR PLAINTIFF'S ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THE
EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT ARE STRICKEN.
In their response to plaintiff's amended motion to strike the affirmative defenses,
defendants agreed that all defenses other than the affirmative defense of plaintiff's violation of the
Equal Credit Opportunity Act should be stricken. As the parties agree that the affirmative
defenses of material misrepresentation, equitable estoppel, laches, unclean hands/bad faith, failure
to mitigate, and illegality should be stricken, the Court strikes these affirmative defenses. The
only remaining affirmative defense raised by defendants is plaintiff's violation of the Equal Credit
Opportunity Act, which plaintiff has not moved to strike. 1
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Plaintiff's motion to strike argues that either illegality or violation of the Equal Credit
Opportunity Act should be stricken. [DE 33 at 1]. As the defense of illegality is hereby stricken,
the Court does not interpret plaintiff's motion as requesting that defendants' affirmative defense
of plaintiff's violation of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act be stricken.
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CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, plaintiff's amended motion to strike [DE 33] is GRANTED,
and plaintiff's amended motion to dismiss [DE 31] is GRANTED.
SO ORDERED.
This the
_!j_ day of September, 2014.
RRENCE W. BOYLE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JU
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