U.S. Tobacco Cooperative Inc. et al v. Big South Wholesale of Virginia, LLC d/b/a Big Sky International et al
Filing
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ORDER granting 78 Motion to Seal. The Clerk of Court Is DIRECTED tomaintain the following documents under SEAL: Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion to Seal [DE-77] and Memorandum in Opposition to the Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [DE-76]. Counsel is reminded to read the order in its entirety for detailed information. Signed by Senior Judge James C. Fox on 1/31/2014. (Grady, B.)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA
WESTERN DIVISION
Civil Action No. 5:13-CV-00527-F
U.S. TOBACCO COOPERATIVE INC.,
U.S. FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
GROWERS, INC., and BIG SOUTH
DISTRIBUTION, LLC,
Plaintiffs,
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v.
BIG SOUTH WHOLESALE OF
VIRGINIA, LLC, d/b/a BIG SKY
INTERNATIONAL, BIG SOUTH
WHOLESALE,LLC,UNIVERSAL
SERVICES FIRST CONSULTING, A/KIA
UNIVERSAL SERVICES CONSULTING
GROUP, JASON CARPENTER,
CHRISTOPHER SMALL, EMORY
STEPHEN DANIEL, and other unnamed
co-conspirators,
Defendants.
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ORDER
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THIS MATTER is before the Court on the Plaintiffs' Motion to Seal pursuant to FED. R.
Crv. P. 5.2, Local Civil Rule 79.2, and Section T of the CM/ECF Policy Manual. For the reasons
set forth below, the motion is ALLOWED.
Plaintiffs seek to submit under seal their Memorandum in Opposition to the Motion for
Judgment on the Pleadings Filed by Defendants Big South Wholesale of Virginia, LLC, d/b/a Big
Sky International, Big South Wholesale, LLC, Jason Carpenter, and Christopher Small, file a
publicly-available redacted version of the same, and file under seal their brief in support of their
motion to seal. The parties all consent to the motion.
The Fourth Circuit has directed that prior to sealing judicial records, a district court must
first determine the source of the public's right to access the judicial records: the common law or the
First Amendment. Stone v. Univ. ofMd, 855 F.2d 178,180 (4th Cir. 1988). Ifthe common law
right of access to judicial records applies, there is a presumption of public access to judicial
records, which can only be rebutted if countervailing interests outweigh the public's interest in
access. Rushford v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc., 846 F.2d 249, 253 (4th Cir. 1988). "Some of the
factors to be weighed in the common law balancing test 'include whether the records are sought for
improper purposes, such as promoting public scandals or unfairly gaining a business advantage;
whether release would enhance the public's understanding of an important historic event; and
whether the public already had access to the information contained in the records.' Virginia Dept of
State Police v. Washington Post, 386 F.3d 567, 575 (4th Cir. 2004) (quoting In re Knight Pub/.
Co., 743 F.2d 231, 235 (4th Cir. 1984)). Where the First Amendment guarantees access to judicial
records, such access may be denied only on the basis of a compelling governmental interest or
other higher value, and only if the denial is narrowly tailored to serve that interest or value. See
Stone, 855 F.2d at 180; see also Haas v. Golding Transp., Inc., No. I :09-CV-l 016, 2010 WL
1257990, *7 n.4 (M.D.N.C. March 26, 2010) (substituting "higher value" for "governmental
interest" in the context of a civil case involving nongovernmental litigants).
In weighing the competing interests between the presumption of access and the asserted
reason for sealing, a court must comply with the procedure set forth by In re Knight Publishing
Company. First, a court must give the public notice of a request to seal and a reasonable opportunity
to challenge it. 743 F.2d at 235. Although individual notice is not necessary, a court must notifY
persons present in the courtroom of the request, or docket it "reasonably in advance of deciding the
issue." /d. A court must consider less drastic alternatives to sealing, and if it decides to seal
documents, it must "state the reasons for its decision to seal supported by specific findings, and the
reasons for rejecting alternatives to sealing in order to provide an adequate record for review." /d.
With respect to the pending motions to seal, the procedural requirements of In re Knight
Publishing Company have been satisfied. The motion to seal has been pending since January 24,
2014, and no third parties or members of the press have attempted to file an objection to the motion
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to seal.
Plaintiffs' briefing suggests that only the common law right of access applies to the
documents at issue in the pending motion to seal, and the court has not located any authority to the
contrary. For the reasons stated in the court's November 12, 2013, Order [DE-56], the court finds
that the parties have demonstrated that there is a significant countervailing interest in support of
sealing that outweighs the public's right in access to the documents. Specifically, Plaintiffs have
shown that the unredacted version of the document, and the brief in support of the motion to seal,
contain information that could subject certain individuals to physical harm and/or harassment. The
court again finds that these individual's interest in their safety outweighs the public's interest in
access to the relevant documents. See Dish Network L.L.C. v. Sonicview USA, Inc., No. 09-CV-1553
L(NLS), 2009 WL 2224596, at *7 (S.D. Cal. July 23, 2009) (finding that protecting the identities of
individuals who had served as confidential informants, and thereby protecting them from being
subjected to threats of physical harm, outweighed the presumption of access to court records).
Additionally, the court finds that redacting the Memorandum in Opposition to the Motion for
Judgment on the Pleadings, while filing the unredacted version of the document under seal, is
narrowly-tailored to protect the individuals while also providing public access to most of the
substance ofthe documents. The court also finds, however, that the memorandum filed in support
of the motion to seal cannot be redacted in any meaningful manner, and therefore may be sealed in
its entirety.
Accordingly, the Motion to Seal is ALLOWED. The Clerk of Court Is DIRECTED to
maintain the following documents under SEAL:
Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion to Seal [DE-77];
Memorandum in Opposition to the Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [DE-76;
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SO ORDERED.
This the
-;~I ~ay of
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2014.
S nior United States District Judge
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