Friedlander v. Beightler
Filing
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Order Adopting the Magistrate Judge's 8 Report and Recommendation. Petitioner's Objections (ECF No. 10 ) are overruled. The Court certifies, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), that an appeal from this decision could not be taken in good faith, and that there is no basis upon which to issue a certificate of appealability. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c); Fed. R. App. P. 22(b). Judge Benita Y. Pearson on 3/20/2013. (S,L)
PEARSON, J.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO
EASTERN DIVISION
JEFFREY FRIEDLANDER,
Petitioner,
v.
MAGGIE BEIGHTLER, Warden,
Respondent.
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CASE NO. 1:09CV2743
JUDGE BENITA Y. PEARSON
MEMORANDUM OF OPINION
AND ORDER
[Resolving ECF No. 10]
Jeffrey Friedlander, currently an Ohio state parolee1 proceeding with counsel, filed a
Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (ECF No. 1), alleging five
grounds for relief which challenge the constitutional sufficiency of his conviction. The case was
referred to Magistrate Judge James R. Knepp II for a Report and Recommendation. On January
21, 2011, the above-entitled action was reassigned from Judge Donald C. Nugent to the
undersigned pursuant to General Order 2011-4. The Magistrate Judge subsequently issued a
Report and Recommendation (ECF No. 8). In his Report, the Magistrate Judge recommends that
the Court deny the petition. Petitioner filed Objections to the Magistrate Judge’s Report (ECF
1
Friedlander was incarcerated at Marion Correctional Institution at the time his
petition was filed. According to the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
website (http://www.drc.state.oh.us/), Petitioner is no longer an inmate. He was released
on September 23, 2011 and is currently on APA supervision until 2016. Therefore, the
“in-custody” requirement for relief in habeas remains satisfied. See Akrawi v. Booker,
572 F.3d 252, 255 n. 1 (6th Cir. 2009).
(1:09CV2743)
No. 10). This Court, after reviewing the objections, hereby adopts the Report and denies the petition.
I. Facts
In October 2006, Petitioner plotted with an undercover police detective, whom he thought
was a“hit man,” to kill David Siss. Relevant background is summarized in the State appellate
court’s decision State v. Friedlander, No. 90084, 2008 WL 2350893, at *1 (Ohio App. 8th Dist.
June 9, 2008) (“Friedlander I”). The alleged motive for Petitioner’s actions was a custody
dispute in juvenile court involving a child whose deceased mother was Petitioner’s niece. Mr.
Siss is the child’s father and custodian. The child’s grandmother, Petitioner’s sister, was
contesting proceedings in juvenile court. State v. Friedlander, No. 90084, 2009 WL 1965450, at
*4 (Ohio App. 8th Dist. July 7, 2009) (“Friedlander II”).
In November 2006, Petitioner was indicted on one count of conspiracy to commit
aggravated murder and one count of attempted aggravated murder. Both counts included a notice
of prior conviction and a repeat violent offender specification. ECF No. 5-6. After several
continuances, a jury trial commenced on May 21, 2007. Petitioner’s father and sister were
present in the courtroom prior to jury selection. ECF No. 5-27 at PageID #: 323. Two days later,
the jury returned findings of guilt as to both counts. ECF No. 5-8. Petitioner subsequently
stipulated to the repeat violent offender specification; and the trial court sentenced Petitioner to
five years on each count, to run concurrently, with mandatory post-release control for five years.
ECF No. 5-9.
Petitioner, through new counsel, appealed his conviction and sentence in State court.
ECF No. 5-10. None of the four assignments of error raised an argument about prison clothing.
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See ECF No. 5-11. In June 2008, the court of appeals affirmed Petitioner’s conviction for
conspiracy to commit murder, but ordered the conviction for attempted aggravated murder
vacated for insufficient evidence. Friedlander I, 2008 WL 2350893, at *1,*4, and *6.
The Ohio Supreme Court did not accept Petitioner’s appeal for review. State v.
Friedlander, 120 Ohio St.3d 1418 (2008).
In August 2008, Petitioner, proceeding with his current counsel, filed an application to
reopen his direct appeal under Ohio App. R. 26(B). ECF No. 5-18. Citing to Estelle v. Williams,
425 U.S. 501, 512 (1976), he asserted for the first time that he was denied the effective assistance
of counsel because, inter alia, he appeared at trial in prison clothes. In July 2009, the court of
appeals denied the application because Petitioner had not met the standard for reopening.
Friedlander II.
Petitioner attempted a further appeal to the Ohio Supreme Court, but the appeal was not
accepted for review. State v. Friedlander, 123 Ohio St.3d 1410 (2009).
On November 23, 2009, Petitioner filed the instant petition for a writ of habeas corpus.
II. Standard of Review for a Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation
Where objections have been made to the Magistrate Judge’s Report and
Recommendation, the District Court standard of review is de novo. Fed. R. Civ. 72(b)(3).
A district judge:
must determine de novo any part of the magistrate judge’s disposition that has
been properly objected to. The district judge may accept, reject, or modify the
recommended disposition; receive further evidence; or return the matter to the
magistrate judge with instructions.
Id.
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Accordingly, this Court has conducted a de novo review of the portions of the Magistrate
Judge’s Report to which Petitioner has properly objected.
III. Law & Analysis
Pursuant to § 2254(d), as amended by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
of 1996 (“AEDPA”), a writ of habeas corpus may not be granted unless the state court
proceedings:
(1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable
application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme
Court of the United States; or
(2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable determination
of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.
28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)-(2); see also Harris v. Stovall, 212 F.3d 940, 942 (6th Cir. 2000).
Petitioner proceeds only on his First, Second, and Fifth Grounds for Relief in his
Objections. ECF No. 10 at PageID # 758. In these grounds for relief, Petitioner alleges that his
right to a fair trial was violated because he stood trial wearing prison clothing:
Ground One: Petitioner was denied his right to a fair and impartial trial as
guaranteed by the United States Constitution when he was tried in his prison
clothes.
Ground Two: Petitioner received the ineffective assistance of trial counsel when
his counsel failed to object to petitioner standing trial in his prison clothes and
failed to request a brief continuance so petitioner could dress in trial clothes.
Ground Five: Petitioner was denied the effective assistance of appellate counsel
in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States
Constitution.
ECF No. 1 at PageID #s: 5, 7, 12. Petitioner acknowledges that the failure of his appellate
counsel to raise these issues on direct appeal renders the First and Second Grounds for Relief
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procedurally defaulted. However, he maintains that this default should be excused due to the
ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. ECF No. 10 at PageID # 759. The Magistrate Judge
found that the First and Second Grounds for Relief fail; and the Fifth Ground for Relief fails to
the extent that it is based on the First and Second Grounds, ECF No. 8 at PageID #744-45. Upon
de novo review, the undersigned finds the following.
Clearly established Supreme Court law provides that, under the Due Process Clause, “the
State cannot . . . compel an accused to stand trial before a jury while dressed in identifiable
prison clothes.” Estelle, 425 U.S. at 512. The Court reasoned, in part, that “the constant
reminder of the accused’s condition implicit in such distinctive, identifiable attire may affect a
juror’s judgment.” Id. at 504-05. The Supreme Court, however, declined to establish a per se
rule that invalidated a conviction whenever the accused wore jail clothing at trial. Id.2
Moreover, the trial court is not required to furnish alternate clothing. United States v. Williams,
641 F.3d 758, 767 (6th Cir. 2011) (citing United States v. Brown, 367 F.3d 549, 554 (6th Cir.
2004)).
In the case at bar, the State trial court spoke with Petitioner and his experienced appointed
counsel regarding his clothing prior to jury selection. Petitioner’s father and sister were present
in the courtroom. ECF No. 5-27 at PageID #: 323. The following colloquy established that
Petitioner had the opportunity to arrange for clothing, but did not do so by the date of trial:
2
Concurring in Estelle, Justice Powell stated: “We generally disfavor inferred
waivers of constitutional rights. That policy, however, need not be carried to the length
of allowing counsel for a defendant deliberately to forego objection to a curable trial
defect, even though he is aware of the factual and legal basis for an objection, simply
because he thought objection would be futile. Id. at 515 (citations omitted).
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[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: First of all, I notice that he’s not in trial clothes.
I had spoken with him before about getting trial clothes. He doesn’t have them
available, and I think we discussed this, he has no objection to going forward
without his trial clothes. I believe that’s correct. Is that correct?
[PETITIONER]: Objection.
*
*
*
THE COURT: One other thing, you have the right to dress in civilian
clothes during the course of the trial.
[PETITIONER]: I have none here, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Pardon?
[PETITIONER]: I have none here.
THE COURT: Is that correct? I thought you refused.
[PETITIONER]: They posted notes in the jail stating that any property
that’s left over 30 days would be disposed of, so I had my family pick everything
up.
THE COURT: I was informed that you refused today to -[PETITIONER]: No, I told them I have no clothes here. I have nothing in
personal property.
THE COURT: And did you indicate to your client that he would be able
to -[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: I told him it would be up to him to have trial
clothes if he wanted to show up for trial in them, like you tell every client who is
in jail and discuss it with the family, that you have to bring it -- they can’t bring it
the day of trial.
THE COURT: All right. Is the jury up right now?
ECF No. 5-27 at PageID #: 319, 342-43. It is difficult to determine from the four corners of the
trial transcript and without benefit of first-hand observation of the proceedings what Petitioner
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meant by “[o]bjection.” He did not elaborate and, later when the topic of his trial dress was
spoken of again, he did not repeat the word or sentiment. He did not indicate at any time that he
had trial clothes available or could obtain clothing for trial. The record does not reflect that he
requested that his father or sister (who were present in the courtroom) bring his trial clothes back
to court or offer up any they may have had with them. These omissions and actions prior to and
during the trial do not lead the Court to conclude that he was compelled to wear prison garb.
The Ohio Court of Appeals rejected Petitioner’s claims regarding his prison garb, finding
no compulsion:
{¶ 4} In his first proposed assignment of error, Friedlander argues that the trial
court erred by holding his trial while he was wearing prison clothes. As part of
his fifth proposed assignment of error, he argues that trial counsel was ineffective
for failing to request a continuance to permit Friedlander to dress in trial clothes.
{¶ 5} Friedlander asserts that the trial court required him to stand trial in jailhouse
clothing. Defense counsel acknowledged on the record, however, that-prior to
trial-counsel had informed Friedlander that it was Friedlander’s responsibility to
ensure that he arrange with his family to bring clothing prior to the day of trial.
Friedlander’s characterization of the trial court as having compelled him to stand
trial in prison clothing is, therefore, inaccurate. FN8 The circumstances which
gave rise to Friedlander’s being tried in jailhouse clothing do not present a
genuine issue of whether he was deprived of the effective assistance of appellate
counsel. Similarly, we cannot conclude that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to request a continuance, particularly in light of the fact that the docket
reflects and the trial court observed that the trial had been continued several times.
As a consequence, Friedlander’s first and fifth proposed assignments of error do
not provide a basis for reopening.
FN8. Contrast the cases cited in State v. Collins, Cuyahoga App.
No. 89808, 2008-Ohio-3016, at ¶ 15, as standing for the
proposition “that a defendant who is compelled to stand trial
wearing identifiable prison clothing suffers prejudice that
unconstitutionally undermines the presumption of innocence.” Id.
(Emphasis added; citations deleted.)
Friedlander II, 2009 WL 1965450, at *1 (footnotes seven and nine omitted).
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Under AEDPA, the undersigned must decide whether the State appellate court’s
adjudication of Petitioner’s claims “resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an
unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1). As the
United States Supreme Court has explained:
an unreasonable application of federal law is different from an incorrect
application of federal law. Indeed, a federal habeas court may not issue the writ
simply because that court concludes in its independent judgment that the relevant
state-court decision applied clearly established federal law erroneously or
incorrectly. Rather, that application must be objectively unreasonable. This
distinction creates a substantially higher threshold for obtaining relief than de
novo review. AEDPA thus imposes a highly deferential standard for evaluating
state-court rulings, and demands that state-court decisions be given the benefit of
the doubt.
Renico v. Lett, 130 S. Ct. 1855, 1862 (2010) (internal citations and quotations omitted)
(emphasis in original).
The Court finds that the decision of the Ohio Court of Appeals was not contrary to or did
not unreasonably apply Estelle in finding no violation of Petitioner’s constitutional right to a fair
trial. While the State court did not mention the case by name, the court’s opinion in Friedlander
II can be read as having applied the clearly established federal law found in Estelle. There was
no constitutional violation in the case at bar because the requisite element of compulsion did not
exist—Petitioner was not forced to wear his prison clothes. Furthermore, the Court cannot
conclude that it was objectively unreasonable for appellate counsel not to raise on direct appeal
either the prison clothing issue or the lack of a request by trial counsel for a brief continuance.
See McFarland v. Yukins, 356 F.3d 688, 699 (6th Cir. 2004) (explaining that the failure to raise
an issue on appeal constitutes ineffective assistance if there is “a reasonable probability that
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inclusion of the issue would have changed the result of the appeal”). The Court concludes that
the Magistrate Judge properly resolved Petitioner’s prison clothing arguments. Accordingly,
Petitioner is not entitled to habeas relief on these claims, including the claim for ineffective
assistance of counsel caused by the attorney’s failure to raise the court attire issues on direct
appeal. See Steen v. Schmalenberger, 687 F.3d 1060, 1063-64 (8th Cir. 2012) (State Supreme
Court’s determination that prisoner did not establish prejudice from counsel’s alleged ineffective
assistance in failing to object to his appearance at trial in prison attire was not unreasonable
application of Strickland, and thus did not warrant habeas relief).
IV. Conclusion
Accordingly, the Report and Recommendation (ECF No.8) of the Magistrate Judge is
hereby adopted and the Petitioner’s Objections (ECF No. 10) are overruled.
The Court certifies, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), that an appeal from this decision
could not be taken in good faith, and that there is no basis upon which to issue a certificate of
appealability. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c); Fed. R. App. P. 22(b).
IT IS SO ORDERED.
March 20, 2013
Date
/s/ Benita Y. Pearson
Benita Y. Pearson
United States District Judge
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