Huey v. Rios

Filing 8

OPINION AND ORDER by Judge Terence Kern ; dismissing/terminating case (terminates case) ; denying certificate of appealability; granting 6 Motion to Dismiss; dismissing 1 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (2241/2254) (vah, Chambers)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA
JERROD DION HUEY,
Petitioner,
vs.
ROBERT C. PATTON, Director,
Respondent.

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Case No. 14-CV-344-TCK-PJC

OPINION AND ORDER
This is a 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus action. Before the Court is Respondent’s motion
to dismiss petition for writ of habeas corpus as time barred by the statute of limitations or in the
alternative, to dismiss as unexhausted (Dkt. # 6). Respondent also filed a brief in support of the
motion (Dkt. # 7). Petitioner, a state inmate appearing pro se, failed to file a response to the motion
to dismiss. As discussed below, the Court finds that, to the extent Petitioner challenges his
convictions of Assault and Battery on a Police Officer, the petition is time barred. To the extent
Petitioner challenges his convictions of Murder in the First Degree and Unlawful Possession of a
Firearm by a Felon, his habeas claim is unexhausted. Therefore, Respondent’s motion to dismiss
is granted and the petition is dismissed as set forth below.
BACKGROUND
The record reflects that, in Tulsa County District Court, Case No. CF-2011-1026, Petitioner
was charged with First Degree Murder (Count 1), Possession of a Firearm After Former Conviction
of a Felony (Count 4), and two counts of Assault and Battery on a Police Officer (Counts 2 and 3).
See Dkt. # 7-5 at 4. Prior to trial, the district judge granted Petitioner’s motion to sever Counts 2
and 3. Id. at 19. On January 12, 2012, at the conclusion of a two stage jury trial, Petitioner was
found guilty of Counts 1 and 4. Id. at 22. On February 27, 2012, the trial judge sentenced Petitioner

in accordance with the jury’s recommendation to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole
(Count 1) and five (5) years imprisonment (Count 4), to be served consecutively. Id. at 25.
On January 20, 2012, Petitioner was convicted on his pleas of nolo contendere to the severed
two counts of Assault and Battery on a Police Officer (Counts 2 and 3). (Dkt. # 7-1). On February
27, 2012, Petitioner was sentenced to five (5) years imprisonment on each count, to be served
concurrently with each other and concurrently with Count 1. (Dkt. # 7-2; Dkt. # 7-5 at 25). As
noted by Respondent, the Judgments and Sentences as to Counts 2 and 3 were not signed until
February 28, 2012. (Dkt. # 7-2). Petitioner did not move to withdraw his pleas of nolo contendere
and did not perfect a certiorari appeal to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (OCCA).
Petitioner was represented at trial and during plea proceedings by attorney Shena Burgess.
Petitioner appealed his convictions on Counts 1 and 4 to the OCCA. Represented by
attorney Stuart W. Southerland, he raised two (2) propositions of error, as follows:
Proposition One:

The evidence discovered as a result of Appellant’s unlawful arrest in
violation of the Fourth Amendment should have been suppressed.
a)
The gun seized at the time of Appellant’s arrest should have
been suppressed.
b)
Appellant’s confession, obtained approximately twelve hours
after his arrest, must be suppressed as “fruit of the poisonous
tree.”

Proposition Two:

It was reversible error for the court to refuse defense counsel’s
request for an exculpatory statement instruction.

(Dkt. # 7-3). In an unpublished summary opinion, filed August 2, 2013, in Case No. F-2012-189
(Dkt. # 7-4), the OCCA affirmed the Judgment and Sentence of the district court. Petitioner did not
file a petition for writ of certiorari at the United States Supreme Court nor has he sought postconviction relief in the state courts as to his convictions on Counts 1 and 4.

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On June 23, 2014, Petitioner filed his federal petition for writ of habeas corpus (Dkt. #1).
He identifies one ground of error, as follows:
Ground One: Ineffectiveness of counsel.
Supporting facts: Failed to put witness on the stand. Did not have court’s
[sic] to run DNA from crime scene. More than one suspect named and not
questioned. Background of officers withheld.
(Id. at 5). In response to the petition, Respondent filed a motion to dismiss (Dkt. # 6). Respondent
states that Petitioner’s claim is less than clear and asserts that, to the extent Petitioner alleges he
received ineffective assistance of counsel during his jury trial proceedings, his claim is unexhausted
and that, to the extent Petitioner claims he received ineffective assistance of counsel during his plea
proceeding, the claim is time barred. See Dkt. # 7.
ANALYSIS
A. Claim of ineffective assistance of counsel at trial is unexhausted
In the habeas corpus context, the United States Supreme Court “has long held that a state
prisoner’s federal petition should be dismissed if the prisoner has not exhausted available state
remedies as to any of his federal claims.” Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731 (1991); 28
U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A). The exhaustion requirement is based on the doctrine of comity. Rose v.
Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 518-19 (1982). Requiring exhaustion “serves to minimize friction between
our federal and state systems of justice by allowing the State an initial opportunity to pass upon and
correct alleged violations of prisoners’ federal rights.” Duckworth v. Serrano, 454 U.S. 1, 3 (1981)
(per curiam).
In order to exhaust a claim, the applicant “must ‘fairly present’ his claim in each appropriate
state court . . . , thereby alerting that court to the federal nature of the claim.” Baldwin v. Reese, 541
U.S. 27, 29 (2004) (quoting Duncan v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365-66 (1995) (per curiam)); see
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O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845 (1999) (explaining that the exhaustion requirement
dictates that a § 2254 petitioner “must give the state courts one full opportunity to resolve any
constitutional issues by invoking one complete round of the State’s established appellate review
process,” including discretionary review by the State’s highest court). “The exhaustion requirement
is satisfied if the issues have been properly presented to the highest state court, either by direct
review of the conviction or in a postconviction attack.” Brown v. Shanks, 185 F.3d 1122, 1124
(10th Cir. 1999) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The burden of proving exhaustion rests with the prisoner. See Olson v. McKune, 9 F.3d 95,
95 (10th Cir. 1993). An exception to the exhaustion doctrine exists if it is clear that the state courts
would impose a procedural bar on the petitioner’s claims. Coleman, 501 U.S. at 731-32. If an
applicant has failed to exhaust state remedies and state courts “would now find the claims
procedurally barred[,] the claims are considered exhausted and procedurally defaulted for purposes
of federal habeas relief.” Thomas v. Gibson, 218 F.3d 1213, 1221 (10th Cir. 2000) (internal
quotation marks omitted); accord Demarest v. Price, 130 F.3d 922, 939 (10th Cir. 1997); see also
Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 92-93 (2006) (“In habeas, state-court remedies are described as
having been ‘exhausted’ when they are no longer available, regardless of the reason for their
unavailability . . . . [I]f the petitioner procedurally defaulted those claims, the prisoner generally is
barred from asserting those claims in a federal habeas proceeding.”).
After a review of the petition and the state record provided by Respondent, the Court finds
that, to the extent Petitioner challenges his convictions on Counts 1 and 4, he failed to present his
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel to the state courts prior to commencing this federal habeas
action and the claim is unexhausted. In addition, Petitioner has an available state court remedy for

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his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel: he may present the claim in an application for postconviction relief filed in Tulsa County District Court, Case No. CF-2011-1026. Under state law,
Petitioner will be required to demonstrate “sufficient reason” for his failure to raise the claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal. Okla. Stat. tit. 22, § 1086 (providing that “[a]ny
ground finally adjudicated or not so raised, or knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently waived in the
proceeding that resulted in the conviction or sentence or in any other proceeding the applicant has
taken to secure relief may not be the basis for a subsequent application, unless the court finds a
ground for relief asserted which for sufficient reason was not asserted or was inadequately raised
in the prior application”). Should the state district court deny the requested relief, Petitioner must
perfect a post-conviction appeal to the OCCA to complete the exhaustion process. Should the OCCA
affirm the denial of post-conviction relief, Petitioner may then file a new petition for writ of habeas
corpus in this federal court raising only exhausted claims. Any new federal petition must be filed
within the time remaining in the one year limitations period, if any. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d).1
In summary, to the extent the single claim raised in this petition challenges the convictions
entered on Counts 1 and 4, the claim is unexhausted. Therefore, Respondent’s motion to dismiss
based on Petitioner’s failure to exhaust state remedies shall be granted. As a result of Petitioner’s
failure to exhaust state remedies, the petition shall be dismissed without prejudice as to any claim
of ineffective assistance of counsel with respect to the convictions on Counts 1 and 4.
B. Claim of ineffective assistance of counsel during plea process is time barred

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Petitioner is advised that the one-year period applicable any claim challenging Counts 1 and
4 has not been tolled, or suspended, during the pendency of this federal habeas corpus action. See
§ 2244(d)(2); Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167 (2001) (holding that application for federal habeas
corpus review is not “application for State post-conviction or other collateral review,” within
meaning of tolling provision of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA)).
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The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), enacted April 24, 1996,
established a one-year limitations period for habeas corpus petitions as follows:
(1) A 1-year period of limitation shall apply to an application for a writ of
habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court. The
limitation period shall run from the latest of –
(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the
conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking
such review;
(B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application
created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the
United States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing
by such State actions;
(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was
initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if the right has been newly
recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable
to cases on collateral review; or
(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or
claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of
due diligence.
(2) The time during which a properly filed application for State postconviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim
is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitation under this subsection.
28 U.S.C. § 2244(d). In general, the limitations period begins to run from the date on which a
prisoner’s conviction becomes final, but may also begin to run under the terms of § 2244(d)(1)(B),
(C), and (D). Also, the limitations period is tolled or suspended during the pendency of a state
application for post-conviction relief properly filed during the limitations period. 28 U.S.C. §
2244(d)(2).
Because Petitioner failed to file a motion to withdraw his pleas of nolo contendere in Case
No. CF-2011-1026, his convictions on Counts 2 and 3 became final ten (10) days after the February
28, 2012, pronouncement of his Judgment and Sentence, or on March 9, 2012. See Rule 4.2, Rules
of the Court of Criminal Appeals (requiring the defendant to file an application to withdraw plea of
guilty within ten (10) days from the date of the pronouncement of the Judgment and Sentence in
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order to commence an appeal from any conviction on a plea of guilty). As a result, his one-year
limitations clock for any claim challenging his convictions on Counts 2 and 3 began to run under
§ 2244(d)(1)(A) on March 10, 2012. Harris v. Dinwiddie, 642 F.3d 902, 907 n.6 (10th Cir. 2011).
Absent a tolling event, a federal petition for writ of habeas corpus filed after Monday, March 11,
2013, would be untimely. United States v. Hurst, 322 F.3d 1256 (10th Cir. 2003) (applying Fed. R.
Civ. P. 6(a) to calculate AEDPA deadline). Petitioner commenced this action on June 23, 2014, or
more than one (1) year beyond the deadline. Absent either statutory or equitable tolling, the petition
is time-barred as to Counts 2 and 3.
Although the running of the limitations period would be tolled or suspended during the
pendency of any post-conviction or other collateral proceeding with respect to the pertinent
judgment or claim properly filed during the one-year period, 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2), Petitioner has
not sought post-conviction relief in the state courts. He is not entitled to statutory tolling under §
2244(d)(2).
The statute of limitations contained in § 2244(d) is not jurisdictional and may be subject to
equitable tolling. See Miller v. Marr, 141 F.3d 976, 978 (10th Cir. 1998); Gibson v. Klinger, 232
F.3d 799, 808 (10th Cir. 2000). To be eligible for equitable tolling, a petitioner must make a
two-pronged demonstration: “(1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) that some
extraordinary circumstance stood in his way,” Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 928 (10th Cir.2008)
(quoting Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327, 336 (2007)), so as to prevent him from timely filing his
habeas petition. A petitioner’s burden in making this demonstration is a heavy one: a court will
apply equitable tolling only if a petitioner is able to “‘show specific facts to support his claim of
extraordinary circumstances and due diligence.’” Id. (quoting Brown v. Barrow, 512 F.3d 1304,

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1307 (11th Cir. 2008)). Petitioner did not file a response to the motion to dismiss and nothing in the
record suggests that he is entitled to equitable tolling. Petitioner makes no argument and cites no
evidence demonstrating that his delay was due to extraordinary circumstances beyond his control.
Petitioner is not entitled to equitable tolling.
To the extent Petitioner challenges his convictions on Counts 2 and 3, he failed to file his
petition for writ of habeas corpus within the one-year limitations period. Therefore, Respondent’s
motion to dismiss is granted and any claim challenging the convictions on Counts 2 and 3 is
dismissed with prejudice.
Certificate of Appealability
Rule 11, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts, instructs
that “[t]he district court must issue or deny a certificate of appealability when it enters a final order
adverse to the applicant.” Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253, the court may issue a certificate of
appealability “only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
right,” and the court “indicates which specific issue or issues satisfy [that] showing.” A petitioner
can satisfy that standard by demonstrating that the issues raised are debatable among jurists, that a
court could resolve the issues differently, or that the questions deserve further proceedings. Slack
v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473 (2000) (citing Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U.S. 880, 893 (1983)). In addition,
when the Court’s ruling is based on procedural grounds, a petitioner must demonstrate that “jurists
of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a
constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was
correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack, 529 U.S. at 484.

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In this case, the Court concludes that a certificate of appealability should not issue. Nothing
suggests that the Court’s procedural rulings resulting in the dismissal of this action based on
Petitioner’s failure to exhaust available state remedies and the statute of limitations are debatable
or incorrect. The record is devoid of any authority suggesting that the Tenth Circuit Court of
Appeals would resolve the issues in this case differently. A certificate of appealability shall be
denied.
ACCORDINGLY, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
1.

Respondent’s motion to dismiss petition for writ of habeas corpus as time barred by the
statute of limitations (Dkt. # 6) is granted.

2.

The petition for writ of habeas corpus (Dkt. # 1) is dismissed as follows:
a.

To the extent Petitioner challenges his convictions on Counts 1 and 4, entered in
Tulsa County District Court, Case No. CF-2011-1026, the petition is dismissed
without prejudice based on Petitioner’s failure to exhaust available state remedies.

b.

To the extent Petitioner challenges his convictions on Counts 2 and 3, entered in
Tulsa County District Court, Case No. CF-2011-1026, the petition is dismissed with
prejudice as time barred.

3.

A certificate of appealability is denied.

4.

A separate judgment shall be entered in this matter.
DATED this 29th day of October, 2014.

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