Lee v. Oklahoma Rehabilitation and Services Inc
Filing
16
ORDER granting 10 defendant's motion to dismiss for failure of plaintiff to state a claim upon which relief can be granted...this case is dismissed. Signed by Honorable Joe Heaton on 07/19/2013. (lam)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA
YOLANDA LEE,
)
)
Plaintiff,
)
vs.
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STATE OF OKLAHOMA, DEPARTMENT)
OF REHABILITATION SERVICES,
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Defendant.
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NO. CIV-13-0007-HE
ORDER
Plaintiff Yolanda Lee, proceeding pro se,1 brings this action against the Oklahoma
Department of Rehabilitation Services (“ODRS”) asserting claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1981.
ODRS filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). The motion is at issue.
Rule12(b)(6) permits a court to dismiss a claim when a party fails “to state a claim
upon which relief can be granted.” When considering a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, all wellpleaded factual allegations in the complaint are accepted as true and construed in the light
most favorable to the nonmoving party. Peterson v. Grisham, 594 F.3d 723, 727 (10th Cir.
2010). Unsupported, conclusory allegations, however, need not be accepted as true. See
Kansas Penn Gaming, LLC v. Collins, 656 F.3d 1210, 1214 (10th Cir. 2011). The question
is whether the complaint contains “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on
its face.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007).
Plaintiff’s complaint alleges that her former employer, Swanson Services, violated her
1
Pro se pleadings are construed liberally. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21
(1972).
equal rights by treating plaintiff differently than other similarly situated employees.2
Swanson Services, however, is not a party to this action. Instead, plaintiff sued ODRS,
which is the state licensing agency for blind vendors under the Randolph-Sheppard Act, 20
U.S.C. § 107-107f. 7 Okla Stat. § 71. While the basis for plaintiff’s claim is far from clear,
she asserts that ODRS “became liable upon the culpability of [Swanson Services]” [Doc. #12
at 2]. ODRS moved to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint, asserting that it is entitled to sovereign
immunity from this suit, that it was not plaintiff’s employer and therefore can not be liable
to plaintiff for employment discrimination, and that plaintiff’s claim is barred by res judicata.
The court concludes plaintiff’s suit against ODRS is barred by Eleventh Amendment
immunity. Plaintiff’s suit is one under 42 U.S.C. §1981 for damages. ODRS is part of, or
an arm of, the State of Oklahoma. See Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706, 756 (1999). Under
the Eleventh Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, a state is immune from suits against it by
its own citizens, for damages, unless Congress has abrogated that immunity or unless the
state waives its immunity. Pettigrew v. State of Okla. ex. rel. Okla. Dep’t of Pub. Safety,
—F.3d—, 2013 WL 3491643, at *2 (10th Cir. 2013). Congress has not abrogated Eleventh
Amendment immunity as to §1981 claims. Patillo v. Larned State Hosp., 462 Fed.Appx.
780, 783 (10th Cir. 2012) (unpublished). Oklahoma has not waived its Eleventh Amendment
immunity generally, 51 Okla. Stat. §152.1(B), nor is any other basis for waiver persuasively
2
Plaintiff previously sued Swanson Services for race discrimination in employment. See Lee
v. Swanson Services, Inc., No. Civ-10-1083-HE. The parties to that action jointly stipulated to
dismiss the case with prejudice. See id. at Doc. #37.
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argued by plaintiff or otherwise apparent.3 Accordingly, plaintiff’s claims here are barred
by the Eleventh Amendment.
Resolution of the Eleventh Amendment issue as indicated would ordinarily make
further discussion unnecessary. However, recognizing that plaintiff is proceeding pro se and
that issues of immunity, waiver and the like can be involved, it is appropriate to note that
plaintiff’s claims would be subject to dismissal even in the absence of Eleventh Amendment
immunity.
Her underlying claim appears to be that she was discriminated against in her
employment. However, she acknowledges that ODRS was not her employer [Doc. #12 at
2]. Further, she has not alleged that ODRS itself discriminated against her sufficient to state
a § 1981 race discrimination claim, or that there existed a sufficient contractual relationship
between the two. See Barfield v. Commerce Bank, N.A., 484 F.3d 1276, 1277-78 (10th Cir.
2007) (holding that to state a § 1981 race discrimination claim, a plaintiff must demonstrate
“(1) that the plaintiff is a member of a protected class; (2) that the defendant had the intent
to discriminate on the basis of race; and (3) that the discrimination interfered with a protected
activity as defined in § 1981.” (emphasis added) (quoting Hampton v. Dillard Dep't Stores,
Inc., 247 F.3d 1091, 1101 (10th Cir. 2001)); see also Perry v. Woodward, 199 F.3d 1126,
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Plaintiff argues, without citation of authority, that ODRS’ receipt of federal funds effects
a waiver of Eleventh Amendment immunity. As a general proposition, the receipt of federal funds
does not do so. See Atascadero State Hosp. v. Scanlon, 473 U.S. 234, 246-7 (1985) (“receipt of
federal funds cannot establish that a State has consented to suit in federal court”), superseded by
statute, 42 U.S.C. §2000d-7. The just-referenced statute provides that receipt of federal funds will
be deemed a waiver of Eleventh Amendment immunity as to claims under various statutes, but
damages claims under §1981 are not among those enumerated statutes.
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1132 (10th Cir. 1999).
To the extent plaintiff asserts that ODRS violated her equal protection rights, plaintiff
also fails to meet the Twombly standard. Plaintiff offers no facts or authority to suggest that
ODRS, as the licensing agency that licensed plaintiff’s former employer as a blind vendor,
in some way violated her equal protection rights by failing to sanction or discipline Swanson
Services as plaintiff appears to suggest. Even construing plaintiff’s complaint liberally, the
court can conceive of no actionable claim on plaintiff’s current pleadings. See Drake v. City
of Fort Collins, 927 F.2d 1156, 1159 (10th Cir. 1991) (“Despite the liberal construction
afforded pro se pleadings, the court will not construct arguments or theories for the plaintiff
in the absence of any discussion of those issues.”).
Because plaintiff fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, defendant’s
motion to dismiss [Doc. #10] is GRANTED and this case is DISMISSED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated this 19th day of July, 2013.
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