Racher et al v. Westlake Nursing Home Limited Partnership et al
Filing
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ORDER granting in part and denying in part 24 Lusk's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs' Original Complaint as follows: (A) The Court grants the motion to dismiss as to plaintiffs' Sixth Cause of Action for intentional infliction of emotio nal distress and dismisses this cause of action only as to Lusk, and (B) The Court denies the motion to dismiss as to plaintiffs' Third Cause of Action for negligence, plaintiffs' Fourth Cause of Action for violation of the Nursing Home Care Act, and plaintiffs' Fifth Cause of Action for negligence per se (as more fully set out in the Order). Signed by Honorable Vicki Miles-LaGrange on 8/2/2013. (ks)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA
DORIS RACHER,
SANDRA CRISPER, and
EARLENE ADKISSON, Co-personal
Representatives of the ESTATE OF
ERYETHA MAYBERRY, DECEASED,
Plaintiffs,
vs.
WESTLAKE NURSING HOME
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, d/b/a Quail
Creek Nursing and Rehabilitation Center;
WESTLAKE MANAGEMENT
COMPANY, a Texas Corporation;
RON LUSK, an Individual;
QC PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC,
a Georgia limited liability company; and
QC NURSING LLC, a Georgia limited
liability company, d/b/a Quail Creek
Nursing and Rehabilitation Center,
Defendants.
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Case No. CIV-13-364-M
ORDER
Before the Court is defendant Ron Lusk’s (“Lusk”) Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Original
Complaint, filed June 20, 2013. On July 11, 2013, plaintiffs filed their response, and on July 18,
2013, Lusk filed his reply.
I.
Introduction
Eryetha Mayberry was a resident at the Quail Creek Nursing and Rehabilitation Center
(“Nursing Home”). Plaintiffs allege that on or about April 16, 2012, two employees of the Nursing
Home physically and verbally abused Ms. Mayberry. Specifically, plaintiffs allege the Nursing
Home’s staff shoved a rubber glove into Ms. Mayberry’s mouth, slapped Ms. Mayberry in the face
and head, forcefully threw Ms. Mayberry onto her bed, and struck Ms. Mayberry on the chest.
On April 15, 2013, plaintiffs filed the instant action, alleging numerous causes of action
against defendants. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), Lusk now moves to
dismiss plaintiffs’ Third Cause of Action for negligence, plaintiffs’ Fourth Cause of Action for
violation of the Nursing Home Care Act (Okla. Stat. tit. 63, §§ 1-1901, et seq.), plaintiffs’ Fifth
Cause of Action for negligence per se, and plaintiffs’ Sixth Cause of Action for intentional infliction
of emotional distress.
II.
Standard for Dismissal
Regarding the standard for determining whether to dismiss a claim pursuant to Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the United States Supreme Court has held:
To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient
factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face. A claim has facial plausibility when the
plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the
reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct
alleged. The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability
requirement,” but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a
defendant has acted unlawfully. Where a complaint pleads facts that
are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability, it stops short of the
line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief.
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotations and citations omitted). Further,
“where the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of
misconduct, the complaint has alleged - but it has not shown - that the pleader is entitled to relief.”
Id. at 679 (internal quotations and citations omitted). Additionally, “[a] pleading that offers labels
and conclusions or a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do. Nor does
a complaint suffice if it tenders naked assertion[s] devoid of further factual enhancement.” Id. at
678 (internal quotations and citations omitted). A court “must determine whether the complaint
sufficiently alleges facts supporting all the elements necessary to establish an entitlement to relief
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under the legal theory proposed.” Lane v. Simon, 495 F.3d 1182, 1186 (10th Cir. 2007) (internal
quotations and citation omitted). Finally, “[a] court reviewing the sufficiency of a complaint
presumes all of plaintiff’s factual allegations are true and construes them in the light most favorable
to the plaintiff.” Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1109 (10th Cir. 1991).
III.
Discussion
A.
Negligence
Under Oklahoma law, to prevail on a negligence claim, a plaintiff must prove the following
elements: “(1) the existence of a duty on the part of the defendant to protect plaintiff from injury;
(2) a violation of that duty; and (3) injury proximately resulting therefrom.” Sloan v. Owen, 579
P.2d 812, 814 (Okla. 1977). Lusk asserts that plaintiffs have failed to state a claim for negligence
because he owed no duty to Ms. Mayberry.
In their Complaint, plaintiffs allege:
20. At the time Ms. Mayberry was a resident at the Nursing Home,
Defendant Ron Lusk was a member of the governing body of the
Nursing Home responsible for establishing and implementing policies
regarding the management and operation of the Nursing Home.
21. Defendant Ron Lusk, through his position as the President and
owner of Defendant Westlake Management Company, had
management and operational authority and control over the Nursing
Home at the time Ms. Mayberry was a resident at the Nursing Home.
22. Through his management and operational authority and control
over the Nursing Home, Defendant Ron Lusk could control and
determine the policies, procedures, and practices at the Nursing
Home, including hiring practices, training of staff, quality and
competency of staff hired, salaries paid to staff, and quality of
resident care.
*
*
*
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41. As the President of Westlake Management Company, Defendant
Ron Lusk undertook the duty of ensuring that Westlake Management
Company properly conducted and carried out its management
responsibility to the Nursing Home, which included the
implementation of policies and procedures necessary to protect the
residents in the Nursing Home from injury and neglect.
Complaint [docket no. 1] at ¶¶ 20-22, 41.
Having carefully reviewed plaintiffs’ Complaint, and presuming all of plaintiffs’ factual
allegations are true and construing them in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, the Court finds that
plaintiffs have set forth sufficient factual allegations to state a claim for negligence against Lusk.
Specifically, the Court finds that based upon the above allegations, plaintiffs have sufficiently
alleged that Lusk, based upon his specific responsibilities as President of Westlake Management
Company and as a member of the governing body of the Nursing Home, owed a duty to Ms.
Mayberry. While Lusk disputes that these were his responsibilities, at the motion to dismiss stage,
the Court must presume these factual allegations are true. Accordingly, the Court finds that
plaintiffs’ Third Cause of Action for negligence should not be dismissed.
B.
Violation of the Nursing Home Care Act
In their Complaint, plaintiffs allege that Lusk violated Oklahoma’s Nursing Home Care Act
by failing to provide adequate and proper medical care and accommodations to Ms. Mayberry. See
Complaint at ¶ 47. Lusk asserts that because he is not an “owner” under the Nursing Home Care
Act, he can not be liable for the actions of the Nursing Home’s employees who abused Ms.
Mayberry under the Nursing Home Care Act. However, having carefully reviewed plaintiffs’
Complaint, the Court finds that plaintiffs are not seeking to hold Lusk liable for the Nursing Home’s
employees’ alleged violations of the Act but are seeking to hold Lusk liable for his own actions or
inactions, the same actions and/or inactions which are the basis for plaintiffs’ negligence claim
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against Lusk, which plaintiffs contend violate the Nursing Home Care Act. Further, the Court finds
that plaintiffs have set forth sufficient factual allegations to state a claim based upon Lusk’s
violation of the Nursing Home Care Act.
Accordingly, the Court finds that plaintiffs’ Fourth Cause of Action for violation of the
Nursing Home Care Act should not be dismissed.
C.
Negligence per se
Lusk asserts that plaintiffs’ negligence per se claim should be dismissed because he has not
violated the Nursing Home Care Act. As set forth above, the Court has found that plaintiffs have
set forth sufficient factual allegations to state a claim that Lusk violated the Nursing Home Care Act.
Based upon that finding, the Court finds that plaintiffs have set forth sufficient factual allegations
to state a claim for negligence per se. Accordingly, the Court finds that plaintiffs’ Fifth Cause of
Action for negligence per se should not be dismissed.
D.
Intentional infliction of emotional distress
Plaintiffs assert that under the Nursing Home Care Act, the owner and licensee of the nursing
home are liable for the intentional acts of their agents and employees that injure a resident. Plaintiffs
contend that Lusk is the owner of the Nursing Home and is, thus, liable for the injuries and damages
caused by the intentional infliction of emotional distress upon Ms. Mayberry by the Nursing Home’s
employees.
Section 1-1939 of the Nursing Home Care Act provides, in pertinent part: “the owner and
licensee are liable to a resident for any intentional or negligent act or omission of their agents or
employees which injures the resident.” Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 1-1939(A). The Nursing Home Care
Act defines “owner” as follows: “a person, corporation, partnership, association, or other entity
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which owns a facility or leases a facility. The person or entity that stands to profit or lose as a result
of the financial success or failure of the operation shall be presumed to be the owner of the facility.”
Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 1-1902(16).
The Oklahoma Supreme Court interpreted the definition of “owner” set forth in the Nursing
Home Care Act in Fanning v. Brown, 85 P.3d 841 (Okla. 2004). In Fanning, the Oklahoma
Supreme Court found as follows:
Accordingly, as the definition of “owner” is defined by reference to
“facility”, the “owner” of a “facility” is a person or entity that has
responsibility for providing the relevant services to residents.
In our view, the “profit or lose” language in the second
sentence does not extend liability beyond the specific person or entity
which has responsibility for providing the relevant services. We
believe the Legislature intended the language to be construed
narrowly so that it would not extend liability to other persons and
entities which have some sort of legal interest in the facility but are
not the “owner”. These other persons or entities, like shareholders of
a corporation, remain entitled to the protections otherwise available
to the particular business form they have chosen.
A boad interpretation of the “profit or lose” language in the
definition of “owner” would allow the joinder of defendants clearly
never intended by the Legislature. We can imagine a variety of
persons or entities that would “stand to profit or lose as a result of the
financial success or failure of the operation.” For instance, landlords,
vendors, and even employees of the facility themselves, all could be
said to have economic interests in the financial success of the nursing
facility. It can not be seriously argued that anyone with an economic
interest in the success or failure of the facility should be a defendant
in [a lawsuit].
. . . Although the defendant shareholders can be said to have profited
incidentally from the facility’s operations, they are not “owners”
under the NHCA.
Fanning, 85 P.3d at 846.
Plaintiffs assert that Lusk falls within the definition of “owner.” Specifically, plaintiffs
allege that Lusk is the limited partner of defendant Westlake Nursing Home Limited Partnership,
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owning approximately 90% as a limited partner. Plaintiffs further allege that defendant Westlake
Management Company is the general partner of defendant Westlake Nursing Home Limited
Partnership, owning approximately 10% as general partner. Additionally, plaintiffs allege that
defendant Westlake Management Company is owned 100% by Lusk. Based upon Lusk’s ownership
interests in defendants Westlake Nursing Home Limited Partnership and Westlake Management
Company, plaintiffs assert that Lusk is an “owner” of the Nursing Home under the Nursing Home
Care Act and can be held liable for the intentional infliction of emotional distress upon Ms.
Mayberry by the Nursing Home’s employees.
Having carefully reviewed the parties’ submissions, and applying the interpretation of the
definition of “owner” set forth in Fanning, the Court finds that Lusk does not fall within the
definition of “owner” in the Nursing Home Care Act. A finding that Lusk was an “owner” would
be too broad of an interpretation and would be contrary to the intention of the Legislature.
Accordingly, the Court finds that Lusk can not be held liable for the alleged intentional infliction
of emotional distress and that plaintiffs’ Sixth Cause of Action for intentional infliction of emotional
distress should be dismissed as to Lusk.
IV.
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Lusk’s
Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Original Complaint [docket no. 24] as follows:
(A)
The Court GRANTS the motion to dismiss as to plaintiffs’ Sixth Cause of
Action for intentional infliction of emotional distress and DISMISSES this
cause of action only as to Lusk, and
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(B)
The Court DENIES the motion to dismiss as to plaintiffs’ Third Cause of
Action for negligence, plaintiffs’ Fourth Cause of Action for violation of the
Nursing Home Care Act, and plaintiffs’ Fifth Cause of Action for negligence
per se.
IT IS SO ORDERED this 2nd day of August, 2013.
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