Looper v. Looper et al
Filing
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ORDER denying 8 Motion to Remand to State Court. Signed by Honorable Timothy D. DeGiusti on 6/6/2014. (mb)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA
IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF IRIS LOOPER
(now Skelly),
Plaintiff/Petitioner,
v.
JEFFREY BRANDON LOOPER
Defendant/Respondent,
and
UNITED STATES ex rel. THE DEFENSE
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
SERVICE (DFAS) and
TERESA MCKAY, individually and as Director
for DFAS
Federal Defendants/Garnishees.
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Case No. CIV-14-313-D
ORDER
Before the Court is Plaintiff/Petitioner’s Motion to Remand to State Court [Doc. No. 8]. The
United States ex rel. the Defense and Accounting Service (DFAS) and Teresa McKay, individually
and as Director for DFAS (collectively, the Federal Defendants) have filed their objection [Doc. No.
9]. For the reasons set forth below, removal is proper and Plaintiff’s motion to remand is denied.
I.
Procedural History
The District Court of Comanche County, State of Oklahoma, granted a divorce to Plaintiff,
Iris Looper and Defendant, Jeffrey Brandon Looper. The state court ordered Defendant, an active
member of the United States Army, to pay child support to Plaintiff for the parties’ two minor
children. Defendant failed to comply with the order and, as a result, on January 15, 2014, the court
entered against Defendant an Order for Judgment of Arrears, Income, Withholding, Change of Payee
Address and Requirements for Payment of Bond. See Order [Doc. No. 1-3 at pp. 7-11]. The court
also issued on that same date an Income Withholding Order (IWO) to Defendant’s employer, the
Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) as garnishee. See IWO [Doc. No. 1-3 at pp. 1214].
DFAS advised Plaintiff’s counsel that it could not honor the IWO. Primarily, DFAS
contended, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 666(b)(5) and (6), that it could not make payments directly to
Plaintiff’s counsel, as ordered by the state court, but could only send payments to a State
Disbursement Unit. See Correspondence from DFAS to Plaintiff’s Counsel [Doc. No. 1-3 at p. 19].
In response, Plaintiff sought and obtained against the Federal Defendants a citation for contempt of
court from the Comanche County District Court. See Citation for Contempt of Court [Doc. No. 1-2].
Prior to the hearing on the state court contempt citation, the Federal Defendants filed a Notice of
Removal [Doc. No. 1] and removed the action to federal court.
Plaintiff seeks a remand of the action to state court contending that removal is improper
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1442 because the Federal Defendants are only “nominal” parties. Plaintiff
further contends there is no original jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (United States as
defendant). The Federal Defendants object to a remand and contend removal is proper pursuant to
28 U.S.C. 1442(a)(1) because the contempt citation is a civil action against or directed to DFAS, an
agency of the United States, and Defendant McKay, an officer of that agency sued in both her
individual and official capacity.
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II.
Discussion
In moving for a remand, Plaintiff represents that this is a “child support collection case.”
Plaintiff contends absent certification of the action by the Secretary of Health and Human Services,
this action cannot be brought in federal court. See 42 U.S.C. § 660 (“The district courts of the
United States shall have jurisdiction, without regard to any amount in controversy, to hear and
determine any civil action certified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section
452(a)(8) of this Act [42 USCS § 652(a)(8)].”).1 The Federal Defendants readily concede that § 660
does not authorize jurisdiction in this case. See Objection at pp. 2-3 and n. 1.
As the Federal Defendants contend, however, removal is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1442(a)(1) which provides for removal of a civil action against or directed to:
The United States or any agency thereof of any officer (or any person acting
under that officer) of the United States or any agency thereof, in an official or
individual capacity, for or relating to any act under color of such office or on account
of any right, title or authority claimed under any Act of Congress for the
apprehension or punishment of criminals or the collection of the revenue.
Id. The statute further provides that a “civil action” includes “any proceeding (whether or not
ancillary to another proceeding) to the extent that in such proceeding a judicial order, including a
subpoena for testimony or documents, is sought or issued.” 28 U.S.C. § 1442(d)(1). Section 1442
“‘grants independent jurisdictional grounds over cases involving federal officers where a district
court otherwise would not have jurisdiction.’” Farm & City Ins. Co. v. Johnson, 190 F. Supp.2d
1232, 1235 (D. Kan. 2002) (quoting IMCF Professional Services of Florida, Inc. v. Latin American
Home Health, Inc., 676 F.2d 152, 156 & n. 5 (5th Cir. 1982). The statute clearly encompasses the
1
42 U.S.C. § 652(a)(8) addresses enforcement of child support orders against noncustodial parents in the federal
courts. If the Secretary of Health and Human Services certifies a case under § 652(a)(8), then federal courts have
original jurisdiction under § 660.
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citation for contempt brought against the Federal Defendants in the state court action. Compare
DeTienne v. DeTienne, 815 F. Supp 394, 395 (D. Kan. 1993) (removal proper pursuant to
§ 1442(a)(1) where a federal employee, acting under color of office, was summoned to appear in a
state court garnishment proceeding under threat of contempt). See also State of Nebraska, ex rel.
Dept. of Social Servs. v. Bentson, 146 F.3d 676, 678 (9th Cir. 1998) (removal of state court action
in which contempt proceedings had been initiated against the IRS was proper under § 1442(a)(1));
State of Florida v. Cohen, 887 F.2d 1451, 1454 (11th Cir. 1989) (“Once the state court initiated
contempt proceedings against the federal officials [for not responding to state court subpoenas],
removal of the contempt proceeding was appropriate [under § 1442(a)(1)].”).2
Plaintiff wholly ignores the basis for the Federal Defendants’ removal of this action – the
contempt citation issued by the state court against them. Plaintiff’s characterization of the
proceedings as limited to a child support enforcement action lacks candor. The contempt citation
issued against DFAS and Teresa McKay qualifies as a civil action against or directed to any agency
and/or officer of the United States for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1). The Federal Defendants
are not nominal parties. In the contempt application filed by Plaintiff, she requests the court to
impose a fine of $500.00 per day against DFAS. See Application for Contempt Citation [Doc. No.
1-3 at pp. 1-5]. Moreover, Plaintiff’s contempt citation seeks to enforce an order directing the
Federal Defendants to take action they contend is contrary to federal law –i.e., pay funds subject to
2
These cases were decided prior to amendments to § 1442 made in 2011 which further clarify removal is proper
here, where a “civil action” is “directed to” the United States or any agency or officer thereof. The 2011 House Report
regarding those amendments states: “[t]he purpose of the removal statute, clarified by H.R. 368, is to ensure that State
courts lack the authority to hold Federal officers criminally or civilly liable for acts performed in the exercise of their
duties.” H.R. Rep. 112-17, H.R. REP. 112-117, 1-2, 2011 U.S.C.C.A.N. 420, 420-21.
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the IWO directly to Plaintiff’s attorney rather than a State Disbursement Unit pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
§§ 654, 654b and 666(b). Thus, removal is proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1).
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion to Remand to State Court [Doc. No.
8] is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED this 6th day of June, 2014.
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