Roberts v. Commissioner Social Security Administration
Filing
18
Opinion and Order: The Commissioner's final decision is Affirmed. Signed on 8/19/2014 by Judge Michael J. McShane. (cp)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON
AGAFIA ROBERTS,
Plaintiff,
v.
Civ. No. 3:13-cv-00442-MC
OPINION AND ORDER
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
Acting Commissioner of the Social Security
Administration,
Defendant.
_____________________________
MCSHANE, Judge:
Plaintiff Afagia Roberts brings this action for judicial review of a final decision of the
Commissioner of Social Security denying her application for disability insurance benefits (DIB)
and supplemental security income payments (SSI) under Titles II and XVI of the Social Security
Act. This court has jurisdiction under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3). The issue before this
Court is whether the ALJ erred in evaluating the respective opinions of examining psychologist,
Dr. Lange, non-examining psychologist, Dr. Anderson, treating physician, Dr. Callahan, and
social worker, Nickie Frisch. Because the ALJ articulated sufficient reasons supported by
substantial evidence in the record for his evaluation of the respective opinions, the
Commissioner’s decision is AFFIRMED.
PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff applied for DIB and SSI on May 8, 2009, alleging disability since March 1, 2007
(later amended to September 28, 2008). Tr. 15, 42, 154–66. These claims were denied initially
1 – OPINION AND ORDER
and upon reconsideration. Tr. 15, 84–93. Plaintiff timely requested a hearing before an
administrative law judge (ALJ), and appeared before the Honorable Riley Atkins on August 22,
2011. Tr. 15, 38–78. ALJ Atkins denied plaintiff’s claims by written decision dated September
23, 2011. Tr. 15–24. Plaintiff sought review from the Appeals Council, which was subsequently
denied, tr. 1–4, thus rendering the ALJ’s decision final. Plaintiff now seeks judicial review.
Plaintiff, born on February 15, 1958, tr. 43, 154, 159, completed limited formal
education, tr. 44 (indicating that plaintiff completed sixth grade), and worked most recently as a
sorter/packager for Gage Industries Inc. (1989–2009), tr. 45–48, 167–76, 192. Plaintiff was fifty
at the time of alleged disability onset, and fifty-three at the time of hearing. See tr. 43, 154, 159. 1
Plaintiff alleges disability due to lumbar degenerative disk disease; cognitive disorder (not
otherwise specified); and dysthymic disorder. 2 See tr. 17, 200.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The reviewing court shall affirm the Commissioner’s decision if the decision is based on
proper legal standards and the legal findings are supported by substantial evidence on the record.
See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir.
2004). To determine whether substantial evidence exists, this Court reviews the administrative
record as a whole, weighing both the evidence that supports and that which detracts from the
ALJ’s conclusion. Martinez v. Heckler, 807 F.2d 771, 772 (9th Cir. 1986).
DISCUSSION
1
Plaintiff was a “[p]erson closely approaching advanced age” at the time of alleged disability onset and at the time
of hearing. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(d).
2
Plaintiff contends that additional limitations not listed as severe impairments by the ALJ were improperly
evaluated by the ALJ. See Pl.’s Br. 6–15, ECF No. 16.
2 – OPINION AND ORDER
The Social Security Administration utilizes a five step sequential evaluation to determine
whether a claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920. The initial burden of proof rests
upon the claimant to meet the first four steps. If a claimant satisfies his or her burden with
respect to the first four steps, the burden shifts to the Commissioner for step five. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520. At step five, the Commissioner’s burden is to demonstrate that the claimant is capable
of making an adjustment to other work after considering the claimant’s residual functional
capacity (RFC), age, education, and work experience. Id.
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in formulating and applying plaintiff’s RFC under
step four of the sequential evaluation. In particular, plaintiff argues: (1) the ALJ erred in
evaluating the opinion of examining psychologist Donald Lange, Ph.D.; (2) the ALJ erred in
evaluating the opinion of non-examining psychologist Dorothy Anderson, Ph.D.; (3) the ALJ
erred in evaluating the opinion of L. Teresa Callahan, M.D.; and (4) the ALJ erred in evaluating
the opinion of Nickie Frisch, L.C.S.W.
I. Donald Lange, Ph.D.
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in his consideration of Dr. Lange’s opinion. Pl.’s Br.
6–9, ECF No. 16. In response, defendant argues that the ALJ provided sufficient reasons for the
weight assigned to Dr. Lange’s opinion. Def.’s Br. 5, ECF No. 17.
In January 2009, Donald Lange, Ph.D., met with plaintiff and administered a
comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation (CNE). 3 Tr. 350–59, 490–91. Based on the CNE
3
This evaluation included the following tests:
Alphabet Forwards and Backwards, Babcock Story Recall, Balance, Beck Depression
Inventory, California Verbal Learning, Cerebellar, Complex Motor Sequencing, Double
Alternating Movement, Double Simultaneous Stimulation, Hooper Visual Organization,
Imitations and Gestures, Line Bisection, Mental Status Examination, Praxia, Rey-Osterrieth
3 – OPINION AND ORDER
results, Dr. Lange diagnosed plaintiff with Cognitive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS),
Dysthymic Disorder, and mild mental retardation. Tr. 357. Dr. Lange also indicated that “it will
be very important that her work be routine, simple, and linear with a model for comparison,” id.,
and that “supportive and congruent supervision and training will be important,” tr. 358.
Dr. Lange, having met with plaintiff a single time, is not a treating physician. See, e.g.,
Benton ex rel. Benton v. Barnhart, 331 F.3d 1030, 1038 (9th Cir. 2003) (indicating that an
ongoing treatment relationship with a claimant is a key factor in determining whether a physician
is treating). “To reject his opinion, the ALJ had to give clear and convincing reasons.”
Reginnitter v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 166 F.3d 1294, 1298 (9th Cir. 1999) (citation
omitted). “Even if contradicted by another doctor, the opinion of an examining doctor can be
rejected only for specific and legitimate reasons that are supported by substantial evidence in the
record.” Id. (citation omitted).
The ALJ, pursuant to step two, recognized plaintiff’s Cognitive Disorder NOS and
Dysthymic Disorder as severe impairments. Tr. 17. The ALJ, however, declined to recognize Dr.
Lange’s diagnosis of mild mental retardation as a severe impairment. The ALJ found:
Dr. Lange diagnosed mild mental retardation (based on a full-scale IQ score
of 59). However, there is no history of adaptive limitations or any indication
that the claimant suffered from this condition before turning eighteen. DDS
evaluator Dorothy Anderson, Ph.D., noted the claimant worked at the
substantial gainful activity for several years, concluding she is more
functional than the IQ score would suggest. The claimant’s work activity
ended with the closure of her employer[’s] factory, not due to any medically
determinable impairment. I also note that the claimant’s difficulties with the
English language (Russian being her first language) may have contributed to
the IQ test score.
Tr. 18 (citations omitted).
Complex Figure, Tandem Walk, Tapping, Trail Making A and B, Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale-III, WRAT-3 Reading & Arithmetic, and Vigilance.
Tr. 350.
4 – OPINION AND ORDER
The ALJ, pursuant to step four, found that plaintiff had the RFC to “perform light work . .
. except: she may stand and walk two to four hours of an eight-hour workday; no climbing of
ladders, ropes and scaffolds; climb ramps and stairs occasionally; and she can perform only
simple, routine, repetitive work; and only occasional public contact.” Tr. 19. The ALJ, in
reference to Dr. Lange’s opinion, further noted:
Also in January 2009, the Department of Vocational Rehabilitation referred
the claimant for a psychological evaluation with Dr. Lange. The claimant
reported that she cried frequently, and felt depressed. On skills testing, the
claimant had fifth grade math skills and a fourth grade reading level. The
full-scale IQ score of 59 suggested mild mental retardation. Dr. Lange noted
slow processing, inconsistent attention, and inadequate concentration. He
explained that the claimant’s concentration and persistence would be
adequate if the claimant received repeated instructions. He added that the
claimant would be socially appropriate, though she would not always be
aware of others trying to exploit her. According to Dr. Lange, the claimant
needs a structured job situation and coaching from supervisors. Based on the
claimant’s physical complaints, Dr. Lange suggested that the claimant
perform only light exertional activity. This statement receives little weight
because Dr. Lange is a psychologist, not a physician. Overall, Dr. Lange’s
opinion receives only some weight, as the evidence as a whole does not
support a finding of extremely limited intellectual functioning.
Tr. 21. Plaintiff contends that this RFC formulation does not incorporate many of the proposed
functional limitations identified by Dr. Lange. Plaintiff directs this Court’s attention to suggested
limitations in intellectual functioning (including related adaptive limitations) and concentration,
persistence and pace. See Pl.’s Br. 6–10, ECF No. 16.
As to intellectual functioning and related adaptive limitations, the ALJ relied heavily on
the opinion of Dorothy Anderson, Ph.D., and plaintiff’s past employment history. See Tr. 18. Dr.
Anderson, a non-examining psychologist, noted:
New info about earnings—over 20,000 for many years—until back
problems in 9/08, suggest that claimant is more functional than IQs would
indicate. IQ testing on this lady w/poor educational background and cultural
limitations is of questionable validity as an indicator of [Mental Retardation
5 – OPINION AND ORDER
(MR)]. As Dr. Lange notes, he doesn’t have hx prior to age 18 of limitations
suggesting MR, and I would argue that he also doesn’t have adaptive
deficits consistent with MR. Claimant more likely BIF/Cognitive disorder,
with limitations to simple tasks in predictable settings, as she has done for
year[s]. Dr. Lange also essentially states that claimant is operating at this
level in terms of work ability.
Tr. 412. The ALJ’s reliance on Dr. Anderson’s findings, tr. 22, and plaintiff’s approximately
twenty-year employment history as a sorter/packager for Gage Industries Inc., tr. 45–48, 167–76,
192, provides clear and convincing reasons supported by substantial evidence to reject Dr.
Lange’s diagnosis of mental retardation to the extent that this diagnosis is inconsistent with
plaintiff’s RFC. See also Gregory v. Bowen, 844 F.2d 664, 667 (9th Cir. 1988) (finding
“substantial evidence indicated that the condition of [plaintiff] had remained constant for a
number of years and that her [condition] had not prevented her from working over that time.”). 4
As to concentration, persistence and pace, the ALJ imposed a RFC limiting plaintiff to
“simple, routine, repetitive work.” Tr. 19. Plaintiff contends that this “does not include any
functional limitations related to concentration, persistence or pace.” Pl.’s Br. 8, ECF No. 16. This
Court is not persuaded.
In Stubbs-Danielson v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 1169, 1174 (9th Cir. 2008), the Ninth Circuit
joined the Sixth and Eighth Circuits in recognizing that an “ALJ’s assessment of a claimant
adequately captures restrictions related to concentration, persistence or pace where the
assessment is consistent with restrictions identified in the medical testimony.” The Court held
that an ALJ’s limiting instruction of “simple tasks” adequately incorporated an examining
doctor’s observations that plaintiff had a “slow pace, both with thinking and her actions” and was
“moderately limited” in her ability to “perform at a consistent pace without an unreasonable
4
As noted by plaintiff, Dr. Lange also indicated that plaintiff needed a structured job setting and job coaching. Pl.’s
Br. 9, ECF No. 16. However, the ALJ’s reliance on Dr. Anderson’s conflicting opinion, see tr. 416, and plaintiff’s
employment history, is sufficient to reject this aspect of Dr. Lange’s opinion.
6 – OPINION AND ORDER
number and length of rest periods.” Id. at 1173; see also Howard v. Massanari, 255 F.3d 577,
582 (8th Cir. 2001) (holding that the ALJ’s limiting instruction of “simple, routine, repetitive
work” adequately accounted for “the finding of borderline intellectual functioning.”). As in
Stubbs-Danielson, the hypothetical limitations posed by the ALJ adequately captured plaintiff’s
moderate deficiencies in concentration, persistence and pace, and were consistent with the
medical testimony. 5 Insofar as Dr. Lange’s description of plaintiff’s difficulties in concentration,
persistence, or pace is differently articulated than Dr. Anderson’s description, e.g., “she had
difficulties with mental efficiency, mental tracking and control,” tr. 355, the ALJ translated
plaintiff’s condition, including the pace and mental limitations, into the only concrete restriction
available to him—Dr. Anderson’s recommended restriction to “simple, routine, repetitive work.”
See Stubbs-Danielson, 539 F.3d at 1174. This does not constitute a rejection of Dr. Lange’s
opinion. See id.
II. Dorothy Anderson, Ph.D.
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in his consideration of Dr. Anderson’s opinion. Pl.’s
Br. 11, ECF No. 16. Plaintiff directs this Court’s attention to Dr. Anderson’s functional
limitation ratings. Id.
In July 2009, Dr. Anderson completed a psychiatric review technique form and mental
residual functional capacity assessment. Tr. 400–417. Dr. Anderson opined that plaintiff “is able
to complete a normal workday/workweek doing simple, routine tasks with normal supervision,”
tr. 416, but had moderate limitations in restriction of activities of daily living, maintaining social
functioning, and maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace, tr. 410.
5
See, e.g., tr. 416 (Dr. Anderson noted that plaintiff “is able to complete a normal workday/workweek doing simple,
routine tasks with normal supervision.”); tr. 424 (Joshua Boyd, Psy.D., reaffirmed Dr. Anderson’s findings in
January 2010).
7 – OPINION AND ORDER
The ALJ, pursuant to step three, discussed Dr. Anderson’s findings on the psychiatric
review technique form. The ALJ found:
On the psychiatric review technique form, Dr. Anderson assessed moderate
limitations in activities of daily living, social functioning, and
concentration, persistence, and pace. Dr. Anderson’s analysis receives
some weight, though the evidence justifies fewer limitations on activities of
daily living.
Tr. 19 (citing tr. 410). Pursuant to step four, the ALJ accorded “significant weight” to Dr.
Anderson’s mental RFC findings. The ALJ found:
Dr. Anderson completed the mental residual functional capacity form.
According to Dr. Anderson, the claimant could perform simple, routine
tasks in a predictable setting (which she had done until being laid off in
2008). Dr. Anderson also limited the claimant to occasional public contact.
Dr. Anderson’s opinion receives significant weight because it is consistent
with the other evidence.
Tr. 22. Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in partially rejecting Dr. Anderson’s opinion
pursuant to step three because the ALJ failed “to identify ‘the evidence.’” Pl.’s Br. 12, ECF No.
16. Plaintiff’s argument is not persuasive.
The ALJ explicitly discussed plaintiff’s daily living activities pursuant to his step three
analysis:
In activities of daily living, the claimant has mild restriction. The claimant
reported that she maintains her hygiene, waters the plants, cares for her pets,
shops, cleans, and does laundry.
Tr. 18 (citing 209–216) (emphasis added). The ALJ expanded on this finding pursuant to his step
four analysis:
The claimant’s activities of daily living show that she is not as limited as
alleged. She cleans, does laundry, shops, maintains her hygiene,
occasionally works in the yard, and takes care of pets. The claimant also
swims for exercise.
8 – OPINION AND ORDER
Tr. 20 (citing 209–16, 218–25, 446). This evidence is sufficient to reject Dr. Anderson’s
conclusion that plaintiff had moderate limitations in daily living. See 20 C.F.R. §§
404.1527(e)(2), 416.927(e); see also Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1214 n. 1 (9th Cir.
2005) (“If the record would support more than one rational interpretation, we defer to the ALJ’s
decision.” (citation omitted)). In any event, the ALJ explicitly adopted Dr. Anderson’s
“Functional Capacity Assessment”—“simple, routine tasks with normal supervision”—which
clarified plaintiff’s “limitation or function.” Tr. 416; see also Jensen v. Astrue, No. 6:11–cv–
06298–ST, 2012 WL 4470507, at *3 (D. Or. Sept. 25, 2012) (“In any event, any error in
designating specific impairments as severe did not prejudice [plaintiff] because the ALJ resolved
step two in her favor.”).
III. L. Teresa Callahan, M.D.
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in his consideration of Dr. Callahan’s findings:
“[t]he ALJ attempts to buttress his argument that Claimant is not as physically limited as alleged
by misquoting Dr. Callahan.” Pl.’s Br. 14, ECF No. 16. Plaintiff argues that Dr. Callahan “does
not report any ‘poor effort,’” and that the ALJ erred in omitting the “additive effect of
Claimant’s pain on her functional limitations.” Id.
Between June and August 2011, Dr. Callahan met with plaintiff at least five different
times. See tr. 503–509, 512–14, 516–22. In June 2011, Dr. Callahan administered a physical
exam. Tr. 506–509. Pursuant to this physical exam, Dr. Callahan found:
Musculoskeletal: Normal range of motion. She exhibits tenderness. She
exhibits no edema. Tender over bilateral lower back and lumbar
paravertebral muscles. Very poor ROM of LS spine—Patient will only make
a slight effort to flex forward, extend her back, do lateral flexion or rotation.
Patient makes only slight effort to walk on her heels and her toes. She says
those movements cause her pain and she will not do them. It is difficult to
accurately judge the extent of her disability . . . . Patient makes only slight
9 – OPINION AND ORDER
effort to respond to muscle strength testing in lower extremities. She
exhibits a lot of pain behavior.
Tr. 508 (emphasis added). The ALJ interpreted these findings as follows:
When Dr. Callahan saw the claimant in June 2011, the claimant gave poor
effort on tests of walking and range of motion. Dr. Callahan noted
significant pain behavior, though the neurological examination was normal.
Due to the claimant’s poor effort, Dr. Callahan said she could not determine
how limited the claimant was.
Tr. 20 (emphasis added). Although plaintiff contests the ALJ’s use of the term “poor” in lieu of
“slight,” this Court is not prepared to find that the ALJ’s interpretation is unreasonable. Batson,
359 F.3d at 1196 (“When evidence reasonably supports . . . the ALJ’s decision, we may not
substitute our judgment for that of the ALJ.” (citation omitted)). As noted by defendant, the
adjective “poor” is synonymous with the adjective “slight.” Def.’s Br. 11, ECF No. 17 (citations
omitted). Moreover, both terms convey the same general meaning: plaintiff’s efforts were
insufficient to enable Dr. Callahan to determine the full extent of plaintiff’s limitations.
Plaintiff also generally argues that the ALJ’s RFC formulation omitted the “additive
effect” of plaintiff’s pain. Pl.’s Br. 14, ECF No. 16. Plaintiff directs this Court’s attention to
prescriptions prescribed by Dr. Callahan. 6 Relating to plaintiff’s pain, Callahan prescribed:
1. Cyclobenzapine for muscle spasms. Tr. 508; see also tr. 512, 516, 519.
2. Meloxicam for back pain. Tr. 508–509; see also tr. 505, 512, 516, 519.
3. Oxycodone-Acetaminophen for pain. Tr. 521.
Plaintiff did not report any major side effects from these (or other) prescriptions to Dr. Callahan.
See tr. 503–509, 512–14, 516–22. Having reviewed the record, this Court finds that the ALJ did
6
Plaintiff also indicates that Dr. Callahan prescribed plaintiff a cane for ambulation. Pl.’s Br. 14, ECF No. 16.
However, Dr. Callahan did not make this prescription. See tr. 503. Rather, plaintiff reported that she had been
previously prescribed a cane. Id.; see also tr. 215 (indicating that plaintiff did not use a cane in June 2009); tr. 224
(indicating that plaintiff did not use a cane in July 2009). This Court has no record that plaintiff was prescribed a
cane.
10 – OPINION AND ORDER
consider plaintiff’s subjective pain testimony. See, e.g., tr. 20–21; 7 see also tr. 17 (finding that
plaintiff’s “lumbar degenerative disk disease” “caused significant limitations in the claimant’s
ability to perform basic work activities”). To the extent that plaintiff implicitly criticizes the
ALJ’s assessment of plaintiff’s credibility, plaintiff failed to argue that issue with any specificity
and this Court declines to discuss the issue. See Carmickle v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533
F.3d 1155, 1161 n. 2 (9th Cir. 2008) (“We do not address this finding because [plaintiff] failed to
argue this issue with any specificity in his briefing.” (citation omitted)).
IV. Nickie Frisch, L.C.S.W.
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ improperly rejected the lay witness testimony of Nickie
Frisch, L.C.S.W. 8 See Pl.’s Br. 11, ECF No. 16.
“Lay testimony as to a claimant’s symptoms is competent evidence that an ALJ must take
into account, unless he or she expressly determines to disregard such testimony and gives
reasons germane to each witness for doing so.” Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 511 (9th Cir. 2001)
(citation omitted); see also Merrill ex rel. Merrill v. Apfel, 224 F.3d 1083, 1085 (9th Cir. 2000)
(“[A]n ALJ, in determining a claimant’s disability, must give full consideration to the testimony
of friends and family members.” (citation omitted)).
7
The ALJ found, in relevant part:
Turning to the medical evidence, the claimant first reported back pain after a work-related
injury in 2007. By May 2007, Rodney Dodge, M.D., indicated that the claimant was
medically stationary and could resume her regular work. The claimant later complained of
back spasms. Dr. Dodge prescribed cyclobenzaprine. In January 2009, the claimant told Dr.
Dodge that her pain was “nine” on a ten-point scale, though medications helped to some
degree. The claimant had numbness in her right leg; physical therapy exercised helped. Dr.
Dodge cleared the claimant for “regular duty” work, and he recommended conservative
treatment such as ibuprofen, stretching exercises, ice, and heat. Dr. Dodge’s assessment . . .
receives significant weight.
Tr. 20–21.
A licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) is treated as an “other source” under the regulations, 20 C.F.R. §
404.1513(d). See Turner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 613 F.3d 1217, 1224 (9th Cir. 2010) (applying the “other sources”
standard to the testimony of a social worker).
8
11 – OPINION AND ORDER
In August 2011, Ms. Frisch met with plaintiff and administered a behavioral health
assessment. See tr. 529–35. Pursuant to this assessment, Ms. Frisch diagnosed plaintiff with
“296.32 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Moderate” and a current Global Assessment of
Functioning (GAF) score 9 of 55, but ruled out “309.81 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.” Tr. 535.
The ALJ, having reviewed Ms. Frisch’s evaluation, found:
In 2011, Nickie Frisch, L.C.S.W., gave a [GAF] score of 55, which indicates
moderate symptoms or moderate impairment caused by mental impairments.
Ms. Frisch’s analysis receives only some weight, as the medical evidence
and the claimant’s daily activities justify fewer limitations.
Tr. 21 (citations omitted). Plaintiff contends that this analysis is inadequate. This Court is not
persuaded.
First, as an initial matter, Ms. Frisch is an “other source,” who may provide evidence to
“show the severity of [plaintiff’s] impairment(s) and how it affects [plaintiff’s] ability to work.”
20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d); see also Bruce v. Astrue, 557 F.3d 1113, 1115–16 (9th Cir. 2009)
(“The ALJ was required to consider and comment upon competent lay testimony, as it concerned
how [plaintiff’s] impairments impact his ability to work.” (emphasis added)). However, “medical
diagnoses are beyond the competence of lay witnesses and therefore do not constitute competent
evidence.” Nguyen v. Chater, 100 F.3d 1462, 1467 (9th Cir. 1996); see also Vincent v. Heckler,
739 F.3d 1393, 1395 (9th Cir. 1984) (upholding Commissioner’s decision where the ALJ did not
discuss lay testimony that plaintiff’s “second stroke had left [plaintiff] impaired.”). Thus, to the
9
“A GAF score is a rough estimate of an individual's psychological, social, and occupational functioning used to
reflect the individual's need for treatment.” Vargas v. Lambert, 159 F.3d 1161, 1164 n. 2 (9th Cir. 1998) (citing
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 20 (rev. 3d ed. 1987)). A GAF score includes two
components: symptom severity and functioning. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 32 (rev.
4th ed. 2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). A GAF score between 51 and 60 describes “moderate symptoms
(e.g., flat affect and circumstantial speech, occasional panic attacks) or moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or
school functioning (e.g., few friends, conflicts with peers or co-workers).” Id. at 34.
12 – OPINION AND ORDER
extent that the ALJ arguably did not discuss Ms. Frisch’s medical diagnoses, “this omission does
not require reversal.” Vincent, 739 F.2d at 1395.
Second, as to plaintiff’s GAF score, this score “does not have a direct correlation to the
severity requirements in [the] mental disorders listing.” Revised Medical Criteria for Evaluating
Mental Disorders & Traumatic Brain Injury, 65 Fed. Reg. 50746-01, 50764–65 (Aug. 21, 2000);
see also Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 16 (5th ed. 2013) (“It was
recommended that the GAF be dropped from DSM-5 for several reasons, including its
conceptual lack of clarity (i.e., including symptoms, suicide risk, and disabilities in its
descriptors) and questionable psychometrics in routine practice.”). The ALJ explicitly addressed
Ms. Frisch’s GAF analysis 10 and indicated that it received “only some weight” because the
medical evidence and the claimant’s daily activities justified fewer limitations. These findings,
when buttressed by the ALJ’s analysis of the medical evidence, see, e.g., tr. 18, and plaintiff’s
daily activities, see tr. 18, 20, constitute reasons germane to disregard the testimony of Ms.
Frisch. See Lewis, 236 F.3d at 512 (“In all, the ALJ at least noted arguably germane reasons for
dismissing [Ms. Frisch’s] testimony, even if he did not clearly link his determination to those
reasons.”); see also Bonk v. Astrue, No. 3:11–CV–00637–BR, 2012 WL 5830392, at *11 (D. Or.
Nov. 16, 2012) (noting that “an ALJ’s failure to address specific GAF scores does not constitute
legal error[.]” (citation omitted)).
CONCLUSION
For these reasons, the Commissioner’s final decision is AFFIRMED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
10
Ms. Frisch did not identify any specific functional limitations.
13 – OPINION AND ORDER
DATED this 19th day of August, 2014.
______s/ Michael J. McShane_________
Michael J. McShane
United States District Judge
14 – OPINION AND ORDER
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