Myres v. Commissioner Social Security Administration
Filing
25
Opinion and Order - The Court ADOPTS IN PART the F&R (Dkt. 19 ). The Court adopts sections II.B and II.D, regarding the testimony of Mr. Wallis and the evaluation of Mr. Myres's mental impairments. The analysis regarding the testimony of Mr. Myres and ultimate conclusion relating to disability is set forth herein. The Commissioner's decision is REVERSED and REMANDED for the immediate award of benefits. Signed on 9/24/2014 by Judge Michael H. Simon. (mja)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON
SHANE ROBERT ERIC MYRES,
Plaintiff,
Case No. 6:13-cv-00262-AC
OPINION AND ORDER
v.
CAROLYN W. COLVIN, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.
Kathryn Tassinari and Brent Wells, HARDER, WELLS, BARON & MANNING, P.C., 474
Willamette Street, Suite 200, Eugene, OR 97401. Of Attorneys for Plaintiff.
S. Amanda Marshall, United States Attorney, and Ronald K. Silver, Assistant United States
Attorney, U.S. ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, District of Oregon, 1000 S.W. Third Avenue, Suite
600, Portland, OR 97204; Gerald J. Hill, Special Assistant United States Attorney, Office of the
General Counsel, Social Security Administration, 701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2900 M/S 221A,
Seattle, WA 98104. Of Attorneys for Defendant.
Michael H. Simon, District Judge.
United States Magistrate Judge John V. Acosta issued Findings and Recommendation
(“F&R”) in this case on July 2, 2014. Dkt. 19. Judge Acosta recommended that the
Commissioner's final decision be affirmed and the case be dismissed. Plaintiff Shane Myres
timely filed objections to the Magistrate’s Findings and Recommendation. Dkt. 23. Defendant
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responded to counsel’s objections. Dkt. 24. Mr. Myres objects to the F&R’s findings that : (1)
the ALJ provided clear and convincing reasons for rejecting Mr. Myres’s testimony; (2) the ALJ
properly rejected the opinion of Christopher Wallis PAC, Mr. Myres’s treating physician’s
assistant; (3) Mr. Myres retains the ability to perform work in the national economy; and (4) the
ALJ properly evaluated Mr. Myres’s mental impairments at steps two and four of the sequential
analysis.
Under the Federal Magistrates Act (“Act”), the Court may “accept, reject, or modify, in
whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate.” 28 U.S.C.
§ 636(b)(1)(C). If a party files objections to a magistrate’s findings and recommendations, “the
court shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed
findings or recommendations to which objection is made.” Id.; Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(3).
For those portions of a magistrate’s findings and recommendations to which neither party
has objected, the Act does not prescribe any standard of review. See Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S.
140, 152 (1985) (“There is no indication that Congress, in enacting [the Act], intended to require
a district judge to review a magistrate’s report[.]”); United States. v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d
1114, 1121 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc) (the court must review de novo magistrate’s findings and
recommendations if objection is made, “but not otherwise”). Although in the absence of
objections no review is required, the Act “does not preclude further review by the district judge[]
sua sponte . . . under a de novo or any other standard.” Thomas, 474 U.S. at 154. Indeed, the
Advisory Committee Notes to Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b) recommend that “[w]hen no timely objection
is filed,” the Court review the magistrate’s recommendations for “clear error on the face of the
record.”
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The Court has reviewed de novo those portions of the F&R to which Mr. Myres has
objected, as well as Mr. Myres’s objections and the Commissioner’s response. The Court agrees
with Judge Acosta’s reasoning and conclusions regarding the ALJ’s decision to not fully credit
the opinion of Mr. Wallis and the ALJ’s decision regarding Mr. Myres’s mental impairments and
adopts those portions of the F&R (Sections II.B and II.D). For the reasons discussed below,
however, the Court declines to adopt the portions of the F&R relating to the ALJ’s assessment of
Mr. Myres’s credibility and finding that Mr. Myres can perform work in the national economy
(Sections II.A and II.C). The decision of the Commissioner is reversed and the case is remanded
for an award of benefits.
BACKGROUND
A. The Application
Mr. Myres filed an application for benefits on June 9, 2009, alleging an onset date of
November 15, 2008. He alleged disability due to Crohn’s disease and depression. The
application was denied initially, on reconsideration, and by the Administrative Law Judge
(“ALJ”) after a hearing. The Appeals Council denied review and the ALJ’s decision became the
final decision of the Commissioner.
B. The ALJ’s Decision
At step one, the ALJ found that Mr. Myres has not engaged in substantial gainful activity
since November 15, 2008, the alleged date of disability. AR 12. At step two, the ALJ determined
that Mr. Myres suffered from the severe impairment of Crohn’s disease. Id. The ALJ found that
Mr. Myres’s medically determinable mental impairments of depression and anxiety were nonsevere. AR 13. The ALJ determined that Mr. Myres had the residual functional capacity (“RFC”)
to perform a full range of work at all exertional levels, but that he required convenient access to
bathroom facilities. AR 14. The ALJ determined Mr. Myres could not perform past relevant
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work as a roofer because, as the vocational expert (“VE”) testified, that this job would not
provide an individual with ready access to a bathroom. AR 17. Considering Mr. Myres’s age,
education, work experience, and RFC, and based on the testimony of the VE, the ALJ found that
there were jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that Mr. Myres can
perform, such as hospital cleaner, material handler, and hand marker. AR 18. Accordingly, the
ALJ found Mr. Myres was not disabled. AR 10.
DISCUSSION
As noted above, the Court declines to adopt the portions of the F&R relating to Mr.
Myres’s contention that the ALJ erred by failing to give clear and convincing reasons for
rejecting Mr. Myres’s testimony and failing to meet the burden of proving that Mr. Myres
retained the ability to perform work in the national economy.
A. Mr. Myres’s Credibility
Mr. Myres challenges the ALJ’s finding that his testimony was not credible. Mr. Myres
has produced objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment that could reasonably be
expected to cause some degree of symptoms; therefore, the ALJ may reject Mr. Myres’s
testimony about the severity of those symptoms only if he provides specific, clear, and
convincing reasons for doing so. Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 2008).
The ALJ provided four reasons for discrediting Mr. Myres’s testimony. First, the ALJ
noted that Mr. Myres’s symptoms were historically controlled with medical marijuana and that
Mr. Myres’s testimony regarding medical marijuana use was inconsistent. AR 17. Second, the
ALJ noted that Mr. Myres’s fluctuations in bodyweight were not consistent with the severity of
the alleged symptoms. Id. Third, the ALJ stated that Mr. Myres’s activities of daily living, such
as attending and even coaching his children’s sports activities, were inconsistent with the degree
of limitation he alleged. Id. Finally, the ALJ found Mr. Myres’s testimony regarding the extent
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of his limitations to be not supported and in fact contradicted by the objective medical evidence
and opinions of medical sources. The Court finds that these are not clear and convincing reasons
to discredit Mr. Myres’s testimony.
1. Medical marijuana
The ALJ concluded that Mr. Myres’s testimony was not credible, in part, because his
symptoms were historically controlled with medical marijuana. The ALJ noted that Mr. Myres
repeatedly asserted that he could not afford the medications prescribed by multiple
gastroenterologists, but was able to maintain his medical marijuana supply. As noted in the F&R,
however, the record contains no evidence as to the relative cost of the medications prescribed,
but which Mr. Myres claimed he could not afford, compared with the cost of Mr. Myres’s
medical marijuana. The Court agrees with the reasoning of the F&R concluding that the ALJ’s
determination that Mr. Myres’s use of medical marijuana versus other prescribed medications
was not a clear and convincing reason to discount Mr. Myres’s testimony.
2. Weight Loss
The ALJ further discredited Mr. Myres’s testimony because the ALJ determined that Mr.
Myres’s allegations of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea conflicted with the testimony that Mr.
Myres rarely lost weight and occasionally gained weight. The ALJ, however, both misinterprets
the record on this issue and fails to provide any explanation as to how Mr. Myres’s variation in
bodyweight undermines the credibility of his statements regarding nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea.
The record shows that Mr. Myres’s weight has varied not insignificantly during the
relevant period, from a reported low of 157 pounds to a high of 182 pounds. Mr. Myres weighed
157 pounds in November of 2007. AR 231. His weight increased to 172 pounds in April of 2008,
only to decrease to 166 pounds in May of the following year. AR 236, 247. In April of 2010, Mr.
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Myres weighed 169 pounds. AR 305. In September of 2010, he weighed 182 pounds. AR 297. In
July of 2011 he weighed 179 pounds. AR 343. This evidence is not inconsistent with Mr.
Myres’s testimony regarding his reported symptoms, and the ALJ erred in rejecting Mr. Myres’s
testimony simply because his symptoms waxed and waned over the years. See Garrison v.
Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1017 (9th Cir. July 14, 2014) (“Cycles of improvement and debilitating
symptoms are a common occurrence, and in such circumstances it is error for an ALJ to pick out
a few isolated instances of improvement over a period of months or years and to treat them as a
basis for concluding a claimant is capable of working.”). Mr. Myres’s fluctuations in weight are
not inconsistent with the alleged severity of his symptoms, and the ALJ provides no support for
the ALJ’s conclusion to the contrary.
3. Daily Living Activities
The ALJ also discredited Mr. Myres’s testimony because his “[r]eported activities, such
as attending and even coaching his children’s sports activities, are inconsistent with the degree of
limitation he alleged.” AR 17. An ALJ may draw an adverse credibility finding from
inconsistencies between the alleged severity of the claimant’s symptoms and his self-reported
activities. See, e.g., Valentine v. Commissioner, 574 F.3d 685, 693 (9th Cir. 2009). There are
two ways in which a claimant’s activities of daily living can bear adversely on his credibility: if
they are inconsistent with the claimant’s other testimony, or if they suggest skills transferable to
a work place. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 639. Neither ground is applicable here, however, and
the ALJ appears to misinterpret Mr. Myres’s testimony.
Mr. Myres’s Function Report indicates that his activities included “watching my kids
with sports,” sewing, and “coaching when I can.” AR 165 (emphasis added). Mr. Myres stated
that he performs these activities, when he can and to the best that he can. AR 165. When asked to
describe changes in his activities since the onset of illness, Mr. Myres stated, “I can’t coach for
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teams because of being sick so often. I miss games when sick. Started sewing with them and for
them instead.” AR 165. The ALJ’s description of Mr. Myres’s daily activities is not consistent
with Mr. Myres’s Function Report. Furthermore, Mr. Myres’s stated that he sometimes goes
shopping, but added that his ability to do this depends on his ability to be near a restroom. AR
164. Mr. Myres also stated that he sometimes helped his wife with household responsibilities,
but due to his illness he must usually rely on his wife. AR 163. Mr. Myres also noted that he
used to be able to function normally, but after the onset of his illness, he sometimes either vomits
or soils his pants throughout the day.
There is not substantial evidence in the record supporting the ALJ’s conclusion that Mr.
Myres’s reported activities are inconsistent with the severity and frequency of his alleged
symptoms. To the extent the record shows that Mr. Myres tries, whenever he can and to the best
of his ability, to perform some of the activities he used to perform, “disability claimants should
not be penalized for attempting to lead normal lives in the face of their limitations[.]” Reddick v.
Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998). “[T]he mere fact that a plaintiff has carried on certain
daily activities . . . does not in any way detract from [his or] her credibility as to [his or] her
overall disability.” Vertigan v. Halter, 260 F.3d 1044, 1050; see also Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d
597, 603.
4. Objective Medical Evidence
The ALJ found that the opinions of several medical sources did not support the extent of
the symptoms and limitations claimed by Mr. Myres. A lack of objective medical evidence,
standing alone, however, may not serve as a clear and convincing reason to discredit the
claimant's credibility when the ALJ has already determined that the claimant's impairments could
produce some of the symptoms alleged. See Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir.
2001) (noting that opinions by medical sources finding no exertional limitations cannot be the
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sole basis of an adverse credibility finding, but is a relevant factor to consider); see also Reddick,
157 F.3d at 722. Because the Court has found the other reasons cited by the ALJ are not clear
and convincing, the lack of objective medical evidence is an insufficient basis on which to
discredit Mr. Myres’s testimony.
In sum, the ALJ did not provide clear and convincing reasons for discrediting Mr.
Myres’s testimony. The adverse credibility finding is therefore reversed.
B. Credit-As-True Doctrine and Remand for Further Proceedings or Award of Benefits
The Ninth Circuit has repeatedly credited evidence as true when the ALJ failed to provide
clear and convincing reasons for discounting the testimony of the claimant or the opinion of the
claimant’s treating and examining physicians. See Orn, 495 F.3d at 640; Benecke v. Barnhart,
379 F.3d 587, 594 (9th Cir. 2004); Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d 882, 887 (9th Cir. 2004);
Rodriguez v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 759, 763. While the usual course is to remand for further
proceedings, a court may remand for an immediate award of benefits “when no useful purpose
would be served by further administrative proceedings, . . . or when the record has been fully
developed and there is not sufficient evidence to support the ALJ’s conclusion.” Rodriguez, 876
F.2d at 763. A court “should credit evidence that was rejected during the administrative process
and remand for an immediate award of benefits” when the following three conditions are met:
“(1) the ALJ failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for rejecting the evidence, (2) there are
no outstanding issues that must be resolved before a determination of disability can be made, and
(3) it is clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to find the claimant disabled were
such evidence credited.” Benecke, 379 F.3d at 593.
Here, because the ALJ did not provide clear and convincing reasons for rejecting Mr.
Myres’s testimony, the Court credits Mr. Myres’s testimony as true. Accepting his testimony as
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true, no outstanding issues remain to be developed, and it is clear from the record that the ALJ
would be required to find Mr. Myres disabled.
The ALJ’s decision notes that Mr. Myres suffers from Crohn’s disease and that it is a
“severe” impairment at step two of the sequential analysis. AR 12. Mr. Myres testified that at
unpredictable times he experiences vomiting and diarrhea, often for long periods of time. AR 42.
Mr. Myres further testified that on “bad days” he may need to use the restroom as much as eight
to 12 times. AR 43. The hypothetical employee the ALJ presented to the VE did not include the
now-credited symptoms described by Mr. Myres. Instead, the ALJ described a hypothetical
individual whose “only significant limitation is that he or she would need ready access to a
bathroom.” AR 52. “Ready access to a bathroom” does not adequately incorporate the limitations
of Mr. Myres’s illness as described by Mr. Myres. When the VE was provided with a
hypothetical employee with Mr. Myres’s reported limitations, the VE opined that such an
employee would likely be terminated because the necessary trips to the bathroom would interfere
with the employee’s duties. AR 54. Specifically, when the VE was asked whether an employee
who required eight or more restroom breaks at irregular intervals during a single work shift once
a week could be competitively employed, she responded that the time away from work would
likely not be tolerated by an employer. AR 54-55. Given the vocational expert’s response to this
hypothetical, it is clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to find Mr. Myres
disabled were Mr. Myres’s testimony credited as true. Accordingly, the Commissioner’s decision
is reversed and remanded for the immediate award of benefits.
CONCLUSION
The Court ADOPTS IN PART the F&R (Dkt. 19). The Court adopts sections II.B and
II.D, regarding the testimony of Mr. Wallis and the evaluation of Mr. Myres’s mental
impairments. The analysis regarding the testimony of Mr. Myres and ultimate conclusion relating
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to disability is set forth herein. The Commissioner’s decision is REVERSED and REMANDED
for the immediate award of benefits.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
DATED this 24th day of September, 2014.
/s/ Michael H. Simon
Michael H. Simon
United States District Judge
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