JACK v. STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY

Filing 8

MEMORANDUM AND OPINION. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 3/3/17. 3/3/17 ENTERED & E-MAILED.(fdc)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
LAWRENCE JACK
CIVIL ACTION
v.
NO. 16-5771
STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY
COMPANY
MEMORANDUM RE: MOTION TO DISMISS
I.

Introduction
This case involves a dispute over a failure to negotiate an extension of Defendant

State Farm Fire and Casualty Company’s (“State Farm”) one-year suit limitation policy.
Plaintiff Lawrence Jack filed a complaint against State Farm, his insurance carrier, which
consists of two claims: (1) breach of contract, and (2) bad faith under 42 Pa.C.S. Section 8371.
Before the Court now is State Farm’s Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s bad faith claim under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). For the reasons explained below, State Farm’s Motion is
granted without prejudice.
II.

Factual and Procedural History
Taking Plaintiff’s allegations as true, the factual background is as follows. Plaintiff held

a homeowner’s insurance policy (the “Policy”) with State Farm that included a provision stating
that any lawsuit by an insured must be filed within one year of the date of loss. ECF No. 1,
Notice of Removal, Ex. A (Complaint) ¶ 5. On March 6, 2015, Plaintiff suffered a covered loss
under the Policy, and he made a timely claim for loss to his building and personal property as
well as for living expenses. Id. ¶ 4. State Farm paid Plaintiff the limits of liability for the
building claim and an additional sum for his personal property. Id. ¶¶ 6-7. On July 23, 2015,
State Farm sent a letter to Plaintiff which notified Plaintiff that he would be able to receive
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further benefits for the loss to the building upon Plaintiff’s completion of repairs and
replacements of the damaged property. Id. ¶ 8. It further stated that Plaintiff could recover
withheld depreciation of his personal property upon Plaintiff’s replacement of that property. Id.
¶ 9. On October 5, 2015, State Farm issued another letter, stating that the building loss benefits
described in the July 23, 2015 letter would be available until March 6, 2017 and the personal
property benefits offered would be available until March 31, 2016. Id. ¶ 10.
Cognizant of the Policy’s one-year suit limitation clause, which would bar Plaintiff from
filing suit against State Farm in regard to the covered loss after March 6, 2016, Plaintiff
consulted with a public adjuster. Id. ¶ 11. The adjuster notified State Farm that the necessary
repairs might not be done before March 6, 2016, and asked for a six-month extension of the
provision to ensure that Plaintiff would not lose his right to sue if the repairs were not completed
before the suit period expired. Id. ¶¶ 11, 13. State Farm refused to extend the one-year suit
provision and, as a result, Plaintiff initiated this action by filing a praecipe for writ of summons
on March 2, 2016. Id. ¶¶ 13-15. On September 13, 2016, State Farm filed a praecipe for a rule
to file a complaint, prompting Plaintiff’s request that State Farm withdraw it and enter into a
tolling agreement stating that Plaintiff would not waive his right to sue if the repairs were not
completed by March 6, 2016. Id. ¶¶ 17-19. State Farm’s counsel responded that Plaintiff would
have to release any bad faith claim against State Farm in order for State Farm to consider
entering into a tolling agreement. Id. ¶ 20. However, when Plaintiff’s counsel offered to waive
any claims of past bad faith in exchange for a tolling agreement which would give Plaintiff an
additional year to complete any necessary repairs, State Farm sent a status letter reiterating the
one-year suit limitation provision and not responding to Plaintiff’s offer. Id. ¶ 22.

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Soon after, Plaintiff filed a complaint consisting of two claims: (1) breach of contract,
and (2) bad faith under 42 Pa.C.S. Section 8371. Id. ¶ 23. The complaint was filed in Lancaster
County Court of Common Pleas and later removed to this Court. On November 14, 2016, State
Farm filed a Motion to Dismiss the bad faith claim under Rule 12(b)(6), alleging that Plaintiff
had failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted (ECF No. 3). Plaintiff responded on
December 1, 2016 (ECF No. 5) and State Farm filed a reply on December 7, 2016 (ECF No. 7).
III.

Legal Standard
In considering a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), “we accept all factual

allegations as true [and] construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.
Warren Gen. Hosp. v. Amgen, Inc., 643 F.3d 77, 84 (3d Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks and
citations omitted). “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual
matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.”’ Ashcroft v.
Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)).
“Pleadings must include at least some factual allegations to support the legal claims asserted.”
Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203, 210 (3d Cir. 2009). “[T]hreadbare recitals of the
elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Id.
(quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678).
IV.

Discussion
At issue is whether Plaintiff has stated a claim under 42 Pa.C.S. Section 8371, which

allows plaintiffs to recover interest, punitive damages, court costs, and attorneys’ fees for bad
faith conduct by insurers in denying benefits or handling claims. See Terletsky v. Prudential &
Cas. Ins. Co., 649 A.2d 680, 688 (Pa. Super. 1994). The term “bad faith” concerns “any
frivolous or unfounded refusal to pay proceeds of policy.” Toy v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 928 A.2d

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186, 199 (Pa. 2007) (quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 139 (6th ed. 1990)). “[M]ere negligence
or bad judgment does not constitute bad faith; knowledge or reckless disregard of a lack of a
basis for denial of coverage is necessary [and] [e]ven questionable conduct giving the
appearance of bad faith is not sufficient to establish it so long as the insurer had a reasonable
basis to deny coverage.” Post v. St. Paul Travelers Ins. Co., 691 F.3d 500, 523 (3d Cir. 2012).
To state a claim for bad faith, a plaintiff must allege sufficient facts to establish that (1) the
insurer lacked a reasonable basis for denying the benefits under the policy and (2) the insurer
knew or recklessly disregarded its lack of reasonable basis. Id. at 522 (citing Condio v. Erie Ins.
Exch., 899 A.2d 1136, 1143 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2006)).
The Eastern District of Pennsylvania recently decided a motion to dismiss a bad faith
claim, and its decision is instructive here. In Davis v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company,
No. 16-3878, 2017 WL 85388 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 10, 2017), the plaintiff alleged that Nationwide had
breached its contract with him and acted in bad faith by refusing to pay benefits due under his
automobile insurance policy after he suffered serious injuries in a car accident. Id. at *1. The
court held that, regardless of whether Nationwide failed to pay the plaintiff entirely or made an
offer of $7,500 as Nationwide contended, the plaintiff had alleged enough facts for his bad faith
claim to survive, due to the extent of his injuries and the amount of coverage he had. Id. at *3.
The court concluded that, “[a]ssuming the truth of these allegations, an unreasonably low offer,
or no offer, could be bad faith on the part of Nationwide.” Id.
Conversely, this Court has recently held that a number of complaints were insufficient to
overcome a Rule 12(b)(6) motion. See Zinno v. Geico, No. 16-792, 2016 WL 5100540 (E.D. Pa.
Sept. 19, 2016); Mills v. Allstate Ins. Co., No. 15-4824, 2015 WL 5707303 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 29,

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2015); Allen v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 14-7367, 2015 WL 1072968 (E.D. Pa. Mar.
12, 2015); Eley v. State Farm Ins. Co., No. 10-5564, 2011 WL 294031 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 31, 2011).
Most recently, in Zinno, this Court considered a complaint in which the plaintiff alleged
that his insurer had unreasonably declined to offer him underinsured motorist coverage benefits.
Zinno, 2016 WL 5100540, at *1. The plaintiff’s claims could be distilled to the following:
“Defendant has failed to evaluate Plaintiff’s claim, Defendant has failed to make a
reasonable settlement offer, Defendant is prioritizing its own interests over Plaintiff’s
interests, and Defendant is forcing Plaintiff to litigate to enforce his rights.” Id. at *2.
Because those statements were entirely conclusory and lacking in factual support, this
Court dismissed the bad faith claim. Id.
Similarly, this Court considered in Mills a complaint alleging bad faith under Section
8371 and found that its “bare-bones allegations” were not sufficient to survive dismissal. Mills,
2015 WL 5707303, at *3. The plaintiff had asserted a number of actions taken by his insurer that
simply amounted to a showing that the plaintiff held a policy with the insurer, the plaintiff had
suffered injury as a result of smoke and soot damage, the plaintiff had complied with the policy’s
terms, and the insurer declined to settle the plaintiff’s claim. Id. at *3. The plaintiff’s failure to
proffer any facts showing how those actions constituted bad faith was fatal to his claim.
Just as in Zinno and Mills, Plaintiff has not pled sufficient facts to make out a bad faith
claim. Taking his well-pleaded facts as true, we can merely conclude that:
(1) Plaintiff held a homeowner’s insurance policy with State Farm;
(2) Plaintiff suffered a covered loss under the Policy, for which State Farm paid him
certain benefits; and
(3) Plaintiff sought an extension of the one-year suit limitation clause but State Farm
refused to provide one. Cmplt. ¶¶ 4-7, 11, 13.

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We have no basis to conclude that State Farm’s decision not to extend Plaintiff’s time for
filing suit was made in bad faith because Plaintiff has proffered no facts showing that decision
was made without “reasonable basis.” That stands in contrast to the complaint in Davis, where
the plaintiff described with specificity the injuries he had suffered and his insurer’s
unwillingness to pay any benefits in connection with the covered accident. Davis, 2017 WL
85388, at *3. Plaintiff has not described with specificity the facts supporting his allegations, as
required by the heightened pleading standard set forth in Iqbal and Fowler.
Lastly, we recognize Plaintiff’s argument in his responsive brief that State Farm’s
violation of a regulation of the Unfair Insurance Practices Act is evidence of State Farm’s bad
faith. Pl.’s Opp’n, at 4; see 31 Pa.C.S. § 146.4(e); O’Donnell ex rel. Mitro v. Allstate Ins. Co.,
734 A.2d 901, 906 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1999) (noting that “conduct which constitutes a violation of
the [Unfair Insurance Practices Act] may also be considered when determining whether an
insurer acted in bad faith under [Section 8371]”). The regulation Plaintiff cites forbids insurers
from “request[ing] a first-party claimant to sign a release that extends beyond the subject matter
that gave rise to the claim payment,” where it is shown that the insurer makes such requests
“with a frequency that indicates a general business practice.” 31 Pa.C.S. §§ 146.1, 146.4(e).
Plaintiff argues that State Farm ran afoul of that regulation by conditioning its agreement to
extend Plaintiff’s one-year suit filing provision on Plaintiff’s release of any bad faith claim. Pl.’s
Opp’n at 4. But, Plaintiff alleges no facts showing that State Farm had a regular practice of
forcing insureds to release claims in this way; therefore, we cannot consider State Farm’s
potential violation of the regulation as a factor swaying against dismissal.

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V.

Conclusion
For the reasons discussed above, State Farm’s Motion to Dismiss as to Count 2 of

Plaintiff’s complaint, bad faith under Section 8371, is granted without prejudice. An appropriate
order follows.

O:\Cecily.2016\Jack v. State Farm (16-5771)\Memo re MTD v2.docx

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