Eaton v. United States of America

Filing 34

MEMORANDUM (Order to follow as separate docket entry) re 25 MOTION to Dismiss or, in the alternative MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by United States of America. Signed by Honorable A. Richard Caputo on 8/7/2017. (dw)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
WILLIAM GENE EATON,
Plaintiff
v.
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
Defendant

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CIVIL NO. 3:CV-15-1932
(Judge Caputo)

MEMORANDUM
I.

Introduction
Plaintiff William Gene Eaton brings this action against the Defendant, the United States

of America, pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346, 2671 et seq.
Mr. Eaton seeks monetary compensation for the negligent treatment of injuries incurred when
he slipped and fell on an improperly maintained sidewalk at USP-Schuylkill. He sustained
several broken ribs which led to him developing pneumonia. (ECF No. 1.) The United States
filed a motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, motion for summary judgment based on Mr.
Eaton’s failure to: (1) file a Certificate of Merit (COM) as required by Pennsylvania Rule of Civil
Procedure 1042.3; (2) exhaust his administrative tort claim prior to filing his Complaint; and (3)
state a claim under the “hills and ridges” doctrine concerning the negligent maintenance of the
prison walkways. (ECF No. 28.) In response, Mr. Eaton disputes Defendant's alleged date
of the incident and the care he received, but not the fact that he filed this action prior to receipt
of the Defendant's response to his administrative tort claim No. TRT-NER-2015003499. (ECF
Nos. 30 - 31.)

As the issue of Mr. Eaton's failure to properly exhaust his administrative tort claim is
dispositive, the Court will grant Defendant's motion for summary judgment without addressing
the alternative arguments presented by Defendant.

II.

Statement of Relevant Material Facts
From the pleadings, declarations and exhibits submitted therewith, the following facts

are ascertained as undisputed or, where disputed, reflect Mr. Eaton’s version of the facts,
pursuant to this Court’s duty to view all facts and reasonable inferences in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving party.1 Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255, 106 S.Ct. at 2510.
Plaintiff William Eaton filed the instant action on October 5, 2015, while housed at the
Schuylkill Federal Correctional Institution (FCI Schuylkill), in Minersville, Pennsylvania. (ECF
No. 27, Def’s Statement of Material Facts (DSMF), ¶ 2.)
Although the parties dispute the actual date of Mr. Eaton's injuries, the following is not
disputed: In March 2015, at the age of 72, Plaintiff slipped and fell at the institution, breaking
several ribs. He was seen the day of the injury in the institution's medical unit and received
x-rays. Several days later Mr. Eaton was taken to an outside medical facility where it was
confirmed that he broke several ribs and developed pneumonia. Mr. Eaton is presently housed
at the Devens Federal Medical Center in Ayer, Massachusetts.

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In support of their summary judgment motion, Defendant submited a statement of material
facts. (ECF No. 27.) Mr. Eaton properly filed a response to Defendant's statement of facts. (ECF
No. 30.) Mr. Eaton, when addressing the Defendant's statement of facts related to his exhaustion
of his administrative tort claim remedies (ECF No. 27, DSMF ¶¶ 29 - 40) stated he “understood and
accepted [¶ 29 - ¶ 40] as facts” and noted that he “was now in Federal Court.” (ECF No. 30, p. 6.)

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The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has an administrative tort claim process through
which an inmate can seek compensation from the United States for personal injury, wrongful
death, or loss of property. See 28 C.F.R. §§ 543.30 - 543.32. (ECF No. 27, ¶ 29.) The
administrative tort claim process is also outlined in BOP Program Statement 1320.06, Federal
Tort Claims Act. (Id. at ¶ 30.) BOP inmates may file an administrative tort claim pursuant to
the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) with the Regional Office. 28 C.F.R. ¶ 543.31(c). (Id. at
¶ 31.) If the claim is denied, the inmate can “request, in writings, that the Bureau of Prisons
reconsider [the] claim in the administrative stage.” 28 C.F.R. ¶ 543.32(g). (Id. at ¶ 32.) If the
inmate is “dissatisfied with the final agency action,” he may then file suit in federal court.” (Id.
at ¶ 33.)
Mr. Eaton has filed one administrative tort claim since his incarceration with the BOP.
(Id. at ¶ 35.) On April 20, 2015, Mr. Eaton’s tort claim, number TRT-NER-2015-03499, was
received in the Northeast Regional Office (NERO). Plaintiff claimed that on or around March
12, 2015, he “slipped and fell as a result of FCI Schuylkill not properly maintaining the
premises.” (Id. at ¶ 37; see also ECF No. 27-1, pp. 12 - 15.) He sought $750,000.00 in
damages. (ECF No. 27 at ¶ 38.) NERO notified Mr. Eaton that “under the provisions of the
applicable federal statutes, we [NERO] have six months from the date of receipt to review,
consider and adjudicate your [Eaton’s] claim,” number TRT-NER-2015-03499. (Id. at ¶ 39; see
also ECF No. 27-1, p. 16.)

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Mr. Eaton filed the instant action on October 5, 2015. (ECF No. 1.) On October 15,
2015, the government denied Mr. Eaton's Administrative Claim No. TRT-NER-2015-03499. (Id.
at ¶ 40; see also ECF No. 27-1, p. 17.)

III.

Summary Judgment Standard of Review
Summary judgment is proper where “the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute

as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ.
P. 56(a).

The court must determine “whether the pleadings, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, admissions on file, and affidavits show that there is no genuine issue of
material fact and whether the moving party is therefore entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
MacFarlan v. Ivy Hill SNF, LLC, 675 F.3d 266, 271 (3d Cir. 2012)(citing Celotex Corp. v.
Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)). “[T]his standard
provides that the mere existence of some alleged factual dispute between the parties will not
defeat an otherwise properly supported motion for summary judgment; the requirement is that
there be no genuine issue of material fact.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247
- 48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2509 - 10, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). In reviewing a motion for summary
judgment, the court must view all facts and draw all reasonable inferences “in the light most
favorable to the party opposing the motion.” Blunt v. Lower Merion Sch. Dist., 767 F.3d 247,
265 (3d Cir. 2014)(internal quotation marks omitted).
To prevail on summary judgment, the moving party must affirmatively identify those
portions of the record which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.

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Santini v. Fuentes, 795 F.3d 410 (3d Cir. 2015) (citing Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323, 106 S.Ct.
2553). “A party asserting that a fact cannot be or is genuinely disputed must support the
assertion by citing to particular parts of materials in the record ... or showing that the materials
cited do not establish the absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party
cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A) - (B). To
withstand summary judgment, the non-moving party must “go beyond the pleadings” and
“designate ‘specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.’” Celotex, 477 U.S. at
324, 106 S. Ct. at 2553 (citation omitted). The non-moving party “may not rest on speculation
and conjecture in opposing a motion for summary judgment.” Ramara, Inc. V. Westfield Ins.
Co., 814 F.3d 660, 666 (3d Cir. 2016). Where contradictory facts exist, the court may not
make credibility determinations or weigh the evidence. See Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing
Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 150 - 51, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 2110, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted); Paradisis v. Englewood Hosp. Med. Ctr., 680 F. App'x
131, 135 (3d Cir. 2017).

IV.

Discussion
Mr. Eaton's proper exhaustion of his administrative tort claim remedies is a prerequisite

to bringing a suit under the FTCA. A claim must first be presented to the federal agency and
be denied by the agency, or be deemed to be denied, prior to the initiation of a FTCA action.
The United States is immune from suit unless Congress expressly has waived its
defense of sovereign immunity. See United States v. Mitchell, 463 U.S. 206, 212, 103 S.Ct.

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2961, 2965, 77 L.Ed.2d 580 (1983); White-Squire v. U.S. Postal Service, 592 F.3d 453, 456
(3d Cir. 2010). The FTCA operates as a limited waiver of sovereign immunity, rendering the
United States amenable to suit for certain, but not all, tort claims. 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b)(1);
White-Squire, 592 F.3d at 456. Limitations under and exceptions to the FTCA doom Mr.
Eaton's claim.
The FTCA Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies before a claimant can
institute legal action. Specifically, § 2675(a) states:
An action shall not be instituted upon a claim against the United
States for money damages for injury or loss of property or
personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or
omission of any employee of the Government while acting within
the scope of his office or employment, unless the claimant shall
have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency
and his claim shall have been denied by the agency in writing and
sent by certified or registered mail. The failure of an agency to
make final disposition of a claim within six months after it is filed
shall, at the option of the claimant any time thereafter, be deemed
a final denial of the claim for the purpose of this section.
28 U.S.C. § 2675. Therefore, under § 2675, a legal action cannot be instituted until a claimant
files a claim with the appropriate federal agency and that agency has finally denied the claim
or has not processed it within six months of the filing. White-Squire, 592 F.3d at 457. Where
a claimant fails to exhaust their administrative tort claim remedies before filing suit, the
Complaint must be dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. McNeil v. United States,
508 U.S. 106, 113, 113 S.Ct. 1980, 1984, 124 L.Ed.2d 21 (1993) (noting that “[t]he FTCA bars
claimants from bringing suit in federal court until they have exhausted their administrative
remedies. Because Petitioner failed to heed that clear statutory command, the District Court

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properly dismissed the suit.”).

The requirement to present a claim to the agency is

jurisdictional and cannot be waived. White-Squire, 592 F.3d at 457 (citing Bialowas v. United
States, 443 F.2d 1047, 1049 (3d Cir. 1971)).
Here, there is no dispute that Mr. Eaton filed his administrative tort claim notice on April
20, 2015, and that less than six months later and before the claim was denied by the Bureau
of Prisons, he filed this civil action on October 5, 2015. Under these circumstances, Mr.
Eaton's FTCA claim brought in this civil action is premature and shall be dismissed without
prejudice.
An appropriate order follows.
/s/ A. Richard Caputo
A. RICHARD CAPUTO
United States District Judge
DATED: AUGUST 7, 2017

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