Beattie et al v. Line Mountain School District

Filing 59

MEMORANDUM (Order to follow as separate docket entry) - RE Plaintiffs' Motion for Attorney Fees 47 . Signed by Honorable Matthew W. Brann on 7/10/14. (km)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
BRIAN and ANGIE BEATTIE,
on behalf of their minor daughter,
A.B.,
Plaintiffs
v.
LINE MOUNTAIN SCHOOL
DISTRICT,
Defendant.

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Case No. 4:13-cv-02655

(Judge Brann)

MEMORANDUM
July 10, 2014
Before the Court is the Plaintiffs’ Motion for Attorney Fees (ECF No. 47)
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b), Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d), and
United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania Local Rule
54.4. The underlying action concerned Plaintiffs’ claims of unlawful sex
discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the Equal Protection Clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Equal Rights
Amendment of the Pennsylvania Constitution. The Plaintiffs ultimately prevailed
on the merits and seek compensation for their attorneys.
For the reasons discussed herein, Plaintiffs’ Motion for Attorney Fees is
granted in part. Plaintiffs’ proposed hourly billing rates are unreasonable and are
1

reduced to comport with the reasonable rates in the Williamsport vicinage of the
Middle District. Furthermore, the number of the claimed hours billed are reduced
for reasons discussed below.
I.

BACKGROUND
The underlying facts of the case are familiar to the Parties. Consequently,

the Court only briefly reiterates. On October 28, 2013, Plaintiffs Brian and Angie
Beattie filed this action on behalf of their minor daughter, A.B., claiming that
Defendant Line Mountain School District’s policy prohibiting female students
from participating on the all-male junior high and high school wrestling teams was
unlawful sex discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the Equal Protection Clause
of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Equal
Rights Amendment of the Pennsylvania Constitution. See Pls.’ Compl., Oct. 28,
2013, ECF No. 1. The Plaintiffs then filed a Motion for a Temporary Restraining
Order and a Preliminary Injunction on October 30, 2013 (ECF No. 5).
The Court promptly granted the Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order,
temporarily preventing Defendant from taking any action that would interfere with
A.B.’s efforts to participate on the Line Mountain junior high wrestling team. See
Ct. Order, Nov. 1, 2013, ECF No. 8. The Court then conducted a one-day hearing
on the matter in consideration of the Motion for Preliminary Injunction on
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November 21, 2013. The Parties subsequently briefed the matter. The Court
granted the Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction on January 13, 2014. See
Ct. Order, Nov. 5, 2013, ECF No. 44.
Thereafter, the Parties resolved the lawsuit and filed a Consent Decree on
April 2, 2014 (ECF No. 58). Plaintiffs’ attorneys now seek attorney’s fees for their
services in the case.
II.

DISCUSSION
A.

Statutory Authority to Award Attorneys Fees

In Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240 (1975),
the Supreme Court of the United States reaffirmed the “American Rule” that each
party in a lawsuit pays its own attorney’s fees unless there is statutory authority
altering this status quo. Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 429 (1983). “In
response Congress enacted the Civil Rights Attorney’s Fees Awards Act of 1976,
42 U.S.C. § 1988, authorizing the district courts to award a reasonable attorney’s
fee to prevailing parties in civil rights litigation.” Id. “The purpose of § 1988 is to
ensure ‘effective access to the judicial process’ for persons with civil rights
grievances.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. at 429 (quoting H. R. Rep. No. 941558, at 1 (1976)).
Accordingly, the Court retains discretion to award reasonable attorneys fees
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and costs to the prevailing party in civil rights litigation. The statutory authority
for this discretion is 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b), which states:
(b) Attorney’s Fees
In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981,
1981a, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of Public Law
92-318 [20 U.S.C.A. § 1681 et seq.], the Religious Freedom
Restoration Act of 1993 [42 U.S.C.A. § 2000bb et seq.], the Religious
Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 [42 U.S.C.A. §
2000cc et seq.], title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C.A.
§ 2000d et seq.], or section 13981 of this title, the court, in its
discretion may allow the prevailing party, other than the United
States, a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs . . . .
42 U.S.C.A. § 1988.
To merit an award of attorney’s fees under this statute, a plaintiff must first
establish that she was the “prevailing party.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433. Next, the
fees and costs must be reasonable. See 42 U.S.C. § 1988; FED. R. CIV. P. 54(d);
Brytus v. Spang & Co., 203 F.3d 238, 242–43 (3d Cir. 2000). Once it is
established that the plaintiff prevailed, the court must determine reasonable fees
under the lodestar formula, which is the “number of hours reasonably expended on
the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433;
Pennsylvania v. Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air, 478 U.S. 546,
554 (1986); Maldonado v. Houstoun, 256 F.3d 181, 184 (3d Cir. 2001). “The
amount of the fee, of course, must be determined on the facts of each case.”
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Hensley, 461 U.S. at 429–30.
“The party seeking attorney’s fees has the burden to prove that its request for
attorney’s fees is reasonable.” Rode v. Dellarciprete, 892 F.2d 1177, 1183 (3d Cir.
1990) (Nygaard, J.). “To meet its burden, the fee petitioner must ‘submit evidence
supporting the hours worked and rates claimed.’” Id. (quoting Hensley, 461 U.S.
at 433). Once the fee petitioner meets this prima facie burden, “the party opposing
the fee award then has the burden to challenge, by affidavit or brief with sufficient
specificity to give fee applicants notice, the reasonableness of the requested fee.”
Id.
“The district court cannot ‘decrease a fee award based on factors not raised
at all by the adverse party.’” Id. (quoting Bell v. United Princeton Props., Inc., 884
F.2d 713 (3d Cir. 1989)). “Once the adverse party raises objections to the fee
request, the district court has a great deal of discretion to adjust the fee award in
light of those objections.” Id.
“The most useful starting point for determining the amount of a reasonable
fee is the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation . . . .” Hensley,
461 U.S. at 433. “The district court should exclude hours that are not reasonably
expended.” Rode, 892 F.2d at 1183. “Hours are not reasonably expended if they
are excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Id.
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“After determining the number of hours reasonably expended, the district
court must examine whether the requested hourly rate is reasonable.” Id.
“Generally, a reasonable hourly rate is to be calculated according to the prevailing
market rates in the relevant community.” Id. (citing Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S.
886, 895 (1984)). This “forum rate rule” dictates that, generally “an ‘out-of-town
lawyer would receive not the hourly rate prescribed by his district but rather the
hourly rate prevailing in the forum in which the litigation is lodged.’” Interfaith
Cmty. Org. v. Honeywell Intern., Inc., 426 F.3d 694, 704 (3d Cir. 2005) (Becker,
J.) (quoting Report of the Third Circuit Task Force on Court Awarded Attorney
Fees, 108 F.R.D. 237, 261 (1986)).
The forum rate rule contains two exceptions: “first, when the need for the
special expertise of counsel from a distant district is shown; and, second, when
local counsel are unwilling to handle the case.” Id. at 705 (internal quotations and
citations omitted). “Thus, when a party can show that it qualifies for either
exception, the Court may award attorney fees based on prevailing rates in the
community in which the parties’ attorneys practice.” Id.
B.

Plaintiffs’ Attorneys’ Fees Request Are Not Reasonable
1.

Plaintiffs’ Attorneys’ Meet Prima Facie Burden for Fee
Entitlement

There is little dispute that the Plaintiffs are the prevailing party in the
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litigation and that the relevant law entitles them to attorneys’ fees at the Court’s
discretion. See generally Def.’s Br. Opp’n, Mar. 13, 2014, ECF No. 51
[hereinafter Def.’s Br. Opp’n]. The initial burden rests with the Plaintiff to prove
that its request for fees is reasonable by submitting competent evidence supporting
the hours worked and rate claimed. Rode, 892 F.2d at 1183.
The Plaintiffs’ attorneys meet their initial burden establishing a prima facie
case for fees through the submission of numerous affidavits and exhibits. The
Plaintiffs had two different groups of attorneys work on this matter: three attorneys
from the law firm Flaster Greenberg PC (“Flaster Greenberg”) and two from the
public interest organization, the Women’s Law Project. The three Flaster
attorneys, their requested hourly rates, and their claimed hours worked are as
follows: partner Abbe F. Fletman (“Fletman”) claiming an hourly rate of $525 per
hour with 110.10 hours worked; associate Nella M. Bloom (“Bloom”) claiming an
hourly rate of $320 per hour with 84.40 hours worked; and associate Joanne M.
Kelley (“Kelley”) claiming an hourly rate of $250 per hour with 5.40 hours
worked. Pls.’ Br. Supp. 12, Jan. 27, 2014, ECF No. 47-1 [hereinafter Pls.’ Br.].
The total fees requested from the Flaster Greenberg attorneys are $85,227.50 and
$1,198.28 in costs. Id. at 14–15.
The two Women’s Law Project attorneys, their requested hourly rates, their
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claimed hours worked are as follows: Terry L. Fromson (“Fromson”) claiming an
hourly rate of $450 with 105.6 hours worked; Amal Bass (“Bass”) claiming an
hourly rate of $230 per hour with 9.2 hours worked. Id. at 15, 19. The total fees
requested by the Women’s Law Project are $53,918 together with $338.11 in costs.
Id. at 19. The total aggregate sum requested (including costs under Local Rule
54.4) by Plaintiffs’ attorneys is $140,681.89 for 314.7 hours worked. Id. at 15, 19.
The Defendants dispute both the reasonableness of the Plaintiffs’ attorneys’
claimed hours and their hourly rates. Accordingly, the Court addresses these issues
in turn.
2.

Plaintiffs Attorneys’ Claimed Hours Worked Are Reduced

The Plaintiffs’ attorneys claim to have worked 314.7 hours on this case.
Pls.’ Br., at 15, 19. The Defendants challenge a number of these hours for being
unreasonable, excessive, and redundant. Def.’s Br. Opp’n, at 11–15.
The Third Circuit has concluded that, generally, a party challenging a fee
request must only “submit briefs that identify the portion of the fee request being
challenged and state the grounds for the challenge with sufficient specificity to
give the fee applicants notice that they must defend the contested portion of their
fee petition.” Bell, 884 F.2d at 715. Furthermore, “the party raising such
challenges, which affect an entire category (or several categories) of work, need
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only specify with particularity the reason for its challenge and the category (or
categories) of work being challenged; it need not point to each individual excessive
entry.” Id. at 721.
The Defendants have submitted briefs adequately challenging two areas of
the Plaintiffs’ attorneys’ claimed hourly expenditures: the dubious necessity of
Fletman and Fromson extensively reviewing each other’s work, and the necessity
of attorney Fromson’s presence at the hearing on the Motion for Preliminary
injunction. See Def.’s Br., at 13. The Court conducted a line by line analysis of
the Plaintiffs’ attorneys billing records and considers these objections in turn. See
Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 713.
i.

Many of Attorney Fletman and Fromson’s Hours
Reviewing and Revising Each Other’s Work Were
Duplicative and Unnecessary

Concerning Defendant’s challenge to the hours attorneys Fletman and
Fromson spent reviewing each other’s work, the Court notes that “when senior
attorneys review each other’s work and both bill at high hourly rates, it may be
unreasonable to charge for both senior attorneys at the same rate and for the same
number of hours.” Walker v. Gruver, 2013 U.S. Dist. Lexis 158219, *20 (M.D. Pa.
Nov. 5, 2013)(Conner, C.J.). Furthermore, “[d]ividing duties is an advantage of
working with co-counsel.” Shaw v. Cumberland Truck Equip. Co., 2012 U.S. Dist.
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Lexis 44945, *13 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 30, 2012) (Conner, J.). “[T]he necessary
corollary to commanding a high hourly rate is the expectation that counsel can
handle a number of complicated tasks on her own.” Choike v. Slippery Rock
Univ. of Pa., 2007 WL 3120097, *10 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 22, 2007) (Ambrose, C.J.).
Comparing Fletman and Fromson’s billing records, there exist a number of
hours of duplicative, unnecessary review of the other attorney’s work that are
redacted from the final calculation. Two experienced attorneys with self-asserted
expertise in this area of law need not extensively review one another’s work, as
skilled counsel should handle complicated tasks on her own. Id. The Court
realizes that some level of review is warranted to ensure counsel are in accord with
the factual and legal posture of the briefs, but extensive editing beyond that seems
unnecessary.
The Court has identified 34.4 hours of attorney Fletman’s time writing and
reviewing the Complaint, Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and
Preliminary Injunction, and the briefs following the hearing, many of which
overlap with attorney Fromson’s work and are of dubious necessity. The Court has
identified 38.8 hours in which attorney Fromson claimed to work on these exact
same briefs, either writing the drafts or spending excessive time reviewing
Fletman’s work. See, e.g., Rode, 892 F.2d at 1187. Because the Court finds much
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of the revising and editing performed by one experienced co-counsel for the other
to be unnecessary and redundant work, the Court reduces each of these hourly
amounts by one half the stated sum. See id. Thus, Fletman’s hour total is reduced
by 17.2 hours, and Fromson’s final hour total is reduced by 19.4 hours.
ii.

Attorney Fromson’s Attendance at the Hearing Was
Unnecessary

Regarding attorney Fromson’s attendance of the hearing,“[a] presence as a
mere spectator is not compensable.” In re Johnson & Johnson Derivative Litig.,
2013 U.S. Dist. Lexis 180822, *92 (D.N.J. June 13, 2013). “Unless the magnitude
of a case demands it, ‘in many cases, the attendance of additional counsel
representing the same interests as the lawyers actually conducting [the litigation is]
wasteful and should not be included in a request for counsel fees from an
adversary.” Id. at *94 (quoting Planned Parenthood v. AG, 297 F.3d 253, 272 (3d
Cir. 2002). Indeed, “[w]hen extra attorneys are present at a hearing, compensation
can be denied for the gratuitous attorney.” Id. (citing Lanni v. New Jersey, 259
F.3d 146 (3d Cir. 2001)).
Based on both the Defendant’s challenge of attorney Fromson’s attendance
at the hearing and the Court’s own observation of her participation, the Court finds
that Fromson’s presence at the hearing was unnecessary and that she should not be
compensated for that time. See also Choike, 2007 WL 3120097 at *10 (reducing
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attorney Fromson’s hours for presence at a hearing where she neither questioned
witnesses or presented argument to the court). Although Fromson contends that
her attendance was vital for a number of reasons, including helping with exhibits
and preparing to begin the post-hearing brief, those arguments are unavailing.
Fromson’s attendance at the hearing was not vital to the prosecution of the case, as
she merely took notes and handed exhibits to attorney Fletman who conducted the
entire hearing. To the extent this aid was necessary, which it did not appear to be,
it could have been competently performed by an associate with a lower billing rate.

As such, 13.8 hours of attorney Fromson’s time on November 19 and 20,
2013, representing her travel to Williamsport from Philadelphia, her attendance at
the hearing, and her return trip to Philadelphia, are deducted from her time along
with costs associated with attendance. The Court does not deduct the time
conferring with Fletman prior to the hearing or her time preparing exhibits and
witnesses, as this is reasonable preparation for the hearing. Nevertheless, the
unnecessary nature of Fromson’s presence at the hearing was readily observable.
The Defendant did not sufficiently challenge other aspects of the Plaintiffs’
attorneys claimed hours expended, including the hours of the associate attorneys,
and the Court may not reduce unchallenged hours sua sponte. See Interfaith, 426
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F.3d at 711. Therefore, the two senior attorneys shall be compensated for the
following hourly amounts: Fletman’s claimed hours 110.1 hours are reduced by
17.2 hours, resulting in a total of 92.9 hours; Fromson’s claimed 113.8 hours
worked are reduced by 33.2 hours resulting in a total of 80.6 hours.
3.

Plaintiffs Attorneys’ Are Subject to the Forum Rate Rule

Once the number of hours reasonably expended is fixed, the Court turns to
consideration of the appropriate hourly rate. Rode, 892 F.2d at 1183. As
previously discussed, “in most cases, the relevant rate is the prevailing rate in the
forum of the litigation.” Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 705. Plaintiffs’ attorneys make
three arguments with respect to this rule. First, Plaintiffs’ attorneys argue that they
qualify for an exception to the forum rate rule because of their special expertise in
this area of law. See id.; Pls.’ Br., at 9–11. Second, Plaintiffs’ attorneys argue that
they qualify for the second exception to the forum rate rule because local counsel
were unwilling to handle the case. See Interfaith, 426 at 706–07; Pls.’s Br. Reply
9–10, Mar. 25, 2014, ECF No. 52 [hereinafter Pls.’ Reply]. Finally, Plaintiffs’
attorneys argue that, if the forum rate rule does apply, the forum is broader than the
Williamsport vicinage of the Middle District. Pls.’ Reply, at 11.
The Defendants challenge all three assertions. None of the Plaintiffs’
attorneys’ arguments are availing, and the Court addresses them seriatim.
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i.

Special Expertise Exception Does Not Apply

To invoke the first exception to the forum rate rule, counsel must show “the
need for the special expertise of counsel from a distant district.” Interfaith, 426
F.3d at 705. Plaintiffs’ attorneys have indeed demonstrated that they are
particularly experienced in this area of the law. They have not, however,
demonstrated that there exists no competent local counsel available such that there
was a need to import that expertise. See id.
Both attorneys Fletman and Fromson demonstrated that they have
substantial prior experience pursuing relief for violations of state and federal laws
against gender discrimination in sports. Pls.’ Br., at 9. They have served as colead counsel in multiple civil rights cases focusing on the rights of women and
girls to participate in sport including, inter alia: Foltz v. Delaware State Univ., No.
10-149, 269 F.R.D. 419 (D. Del. 2010); Choike v. Slippery Rock Univ., No. 060622, 2006 WL 2060576 (W.D. Pa. July 21, 2006). Furthermore, attorney
Fletman’s resume indicates she possesses considerable skill as an advocate in the
courtroom, and she demonstrated that skill at the hearing in this matter. See Pls.’
Mot. Att’y Fees, Ex. A, Decl. Abbe F. Fletman, Jan. 27, 2014, ECF No. 47-4, 5
[hereinafter Pls.’ Mot.].
While Plaintiffs’ attorneys’ experience and skill are noteworthy and do
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factor into their fee award within the range of appropriate fees for the Williamsport
vicinage of the Middle District, their special expertise is not so exceptional that
there was a need to draw counsel from a distant district for this matter. Cf.
Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 699 (“[I]f a prevailing party can show that it required the
particular expertise of counsel from another vicinage . . . then it will be entitled to
compensation based on prevailing rates in the community in which its attorneys
practice.”) (emphasis added). Plaintiffs’ attorneys repeatedly assert that the issues
in this litigation were complex—verily, they were no more complex than ordinary
§ 1983 litigation on constitutional claims. In fact, the Court granted the Plaintiffs’
Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order just two days after it was filed with full
confidence in its analysis that the Plaintiffs were likely to succeed on the merits of
their claims. See Ct. Order, Nov. 1, 2013, ECF No. 8; Pls.’ Mot. Prelim. Inj., TRO,
Oct. 30, 2013, ECF No. 5.
The Court takes judicial notice of its own docket, on which constitutional
litigation via § 1983 is a frequent fixture. Wilson v. McVey, 579 F. Supp. 2d 685,
688 n.5 (M.D. Pa. 2008) (Conner, J.) (reiterating that federal courts may take
judicial notice of court dockets). These § 1983 cases are often handled by a
number of different attorneys in the Williamsport vicinage of the Middle District,
many of whom possess the skill and level of competence necessary and sufficient
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to handle this matter. While the Court recognizes that Attorneys Fletman and
Fromson possess skill and expertise in this area of the law,1 those qualities are not
so robust and the law is not so intractable that competent counsel cannot be found
within this vicinage of the Middle District. See Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 699. The
Court finds that Plaintiffs’ attorneys do not qualify for the first exception to the
forum rate rule.
ii.

Plaintiffs’ Attorneys’ Did Not Demonstrate Local
Counsel Was Unwilling to Handle the Case

The second exception to the forum rate rule requires that the prevailing party
show by competent evidence that “local counsel were unwilling to take on the
litigation.” Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 699. Although the Plaintiffs’ Attorneys’ assert
that this occurred in the nascent stages of this litigation, they fall short in proving
their assertion.
For example, in Interfaith Community Organization v. Honeywell Intern.,
Inc., 426 F.3d 694 (3d Cir. 2005), the United States Court of Appeals for the Third
Circuit affirmed the district court’s finding that plaintiff successfully proved that
local counsel was unwilling to handle the case, when it submitted two detailed

1

Notably, while the attorneys experience was not sufficiently unique to invoke the first
exception to the forum rate rule, the Court does consider this skill and expertise in fixing their
fees at the upper end of those that are appropriate for the Williamsport vicinage of the Middle
District.
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affidavits in support of this contention. The plaintiff’s affidavit stated that it
contacted at least five attorneys in the area of the litigation, all of whom declined to
take the case. Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 707.
The second affidavit, submitted by a respected local academic with expertise
in the pertinent area of law, provided significant support for plaintiff’s contention
that local counsel were unwilling to take the case because the affiant was unaware
of anyone who would. Id. According to the affiant, the firm that handled the
litigation was unique because it took on a complicated case without
contemporaneous payment of fees and expenses, unlike the firms of that vicinage
would do.2 See id. The Third Circuit was particularly persuaded by the second
affidavit, presumably because the affiant had such knowledge and expertise in this
area of the law and was aware of most available options. See id.
In this case, the primary evidence Plaintiffs’ attorneys submit to support
their contention that local counsel were unwilling to take on this litigation is the
declaration of Plaintiff Brian Beattie. In the declaration, Beattie states:
3. After I contacted the office of the Pennsylvania Attorney
General and before I filed a complaint with the Pennsylvania Human
Relations Commission, I took steps to obtain representation from
lawyers in Williamsport and Harrisburg.

2

The firm that ultimately took on the litigation was described as a “rare bird.” Interfaith,
426 F.3d at 707.
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4. I talked to one Williamsburg [sic] lawyer and one Harrisburg
lawyer by phone. One was a woman and one was a man. The firm in
Harrisburg was Scaringi and Scaringi P.C. I cannot remember the
name of the firm in Williamsport.
5. They each told me they could not help me because they did
not specialize in the area of law that was involved. When I inquired
about whether they could refer me to another lawyer in the
Williamsport or Harrisburg region, they each said no because they
were unaware of anyone locally with the necessary expertise.
Decl. Brian Beattie, ¶¶ 3–5, Mar. 31, 2014, ECF No. 57.
The Plaintiffs allegedly contacted only a single attorney in the Williamsport
vicinage of the Middle District, which is neither a sufficiently exhaustive search
nor a fair sample of the representation available in the community. In further
contrast to the Interfaith decision, Plaintiffs do not provide additional declarations
that support the contention that local counsel was unwilling to take the case.
Plaintiffs’ submitted declarations concern both the expertise of Fletman and
Fromson, and the appropriate hourly rate, but they do not provide any specificity
on the contention that local counsel were in fact unwilling to litigate these issues.
See Pls.’ Mot., Ex. C, Decl. Bridget E. Montgomery; Pls.’ Mot., Ex. D, Decl.
Thomas B. Schmidt, III. In further contrast to the facts of Interfaith, these
declarants do not assert that the fee structure, or any similar aspect of Fletman and
Fromson’s representation, differed markedly from firms within the vicinage such
that those firms would be unwilling to litigate in the same manner. See Interfaith,
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426 F.3d at 707. Nor did the Plaintiffs provide a single declaration from a
practitioner based in the Williamsport vicinage of the Middle District.
Plaintiffs further argue that the Beatties approached the Pennsylvania
Attorney General, the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission and the
American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania, and none of those organizations
referred the Beatties to any lawyer in either Williamsport or the Middle District,
but to the Women’s Law Project. Pls.’ Reply, at 10. This fact does not
demonstrate local counsel were unwilling to take the case. These entities may have
been unaware or unfamiliar with local counsel, or simply reaffirming an existing
relationship with the Women’s Law Project. Whatever the reason, it does not
demonstrate local counsel was unwilling, particularly without any evidence of a
reasonable local search for counsel and lack of affiants declaring there was none
available.
Consequently, because the Plaintiffs did not satisfactorily demonstrate that
local counsel were unwilling to handle this case by competent evidence, the Court
finds that Plaintiffs’ do not qualify for the second exception to the forum rate rule.
See Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 707. Thus, the Court holds that the forum rate rule
applies to the Plaintiffs’ and their attorneys and that they do not qualify for either
exception to that rule.
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iii.

The Forum Is Unequivocally the Vicinage of the
Litigation

Having determined that the forum rate rule applies, the Plaintiffs’ attorneys
assert that the relevant forum includes the entire Middle District of Pennsylvania,
which consists of three divisions: the Scranton vicinage, the Harrisburg vicinage,
and the Williamsport vicinage. The relevant law makes clear, however, that the
applicable forum is the Williamsport vicinage specifically, rather than the Middle
District as a whole. See Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 703–04.
In the Interfaith decision, Judge Becker stated that “a prevailing party’s
attorneys should be compensated based on market rates in the vicinage of the
litigation,” absent an applicable exception. Interfaith, 426 F.3d at 699 (emphasis
added). Vicinage is defined as the “[v]icinity; proximity . . . the place from which
jurors are to be drawn for trial.” BLACKS LAW DICTIONARY 1797 (10th ed. 2014).
It is quite clear, then, that the forum rate rule applies the prevailing rates of the
relevant vicinage in which the litigation occurred.3
The Williamsport vicinage of the Middle District of Pennsylvania is not an

3

Acting at a time when “the Third Circuit [had] never authoritatively resolved the issue
of whether the relevant community is the law firm’s community or whether it is the community
in which the case is actually litigated,” a magistrate judge of this court found that the relevant
community in a bad faith insurance claim indued “the entire Middle District and Eastern District
of Pennsylvania.” Valenti v. Allstate Ins. Co., 243 F. Supp. 2d 200, 207–08 (M.D. Pa. 2003).
After the Interfaith decision, however, it is clear that the forum rate rule applies to the vicinage
of the litigation absent an applicable exception. See Interfaith, 426 F.3d, at 703.
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amorphous indefinite region, or an area confined to the city itself, as Plaintiffs’
attorneys alternatively assert. Rather, its geographic constitution is quite precise;
it includes the following counties: Bradford, Tioga, Potter, Sullivan, Lycoming,
Clinton, Cameron, Centre, Union, Snyder, Northumberland, Montour, and
Columbia. Consequently, the range of acceptable fees are those charged within
these counties for this type of litigation.
iv.

Fees for § 1983 Litigation in the Williamsport Vicinage
of the Middle District of Pennsylvania

The Plaintiffs’ attorneys did not submit direct evidence on the range of
appropriate fees for this work specifically within the Williamsport vicinage of the
Middle District; the Defendant, however, provided affidavits of several
Williamsport practitioners that are instructive on the appropriate range of fees
within the vicinage.4 Defendants submitted the declaration of J. David Smith, an
attorney practicing with a prominent Williamsport law firm since 1983 with
extensive civil litigation practice in federal court in the Williamsport vicinage. Mr.
Smith declared that, based on his experience, “an appropriate hourly rate for a
skilled attorney on the plaintiff’s side with necessary legal experience to provide

4

The declarations Plaintiffs’ attorneys provided in support of their motion were from
practitioners based in Harrisburg and considered market rates for the Middle District as a whole,
not specifically the Williamsport vicinage of the Middle District. See Pls.’ Mot., Ex. C, Decl.
Bridget E. Montgomery; Pls.’ Mot., Ex. D, Decl. Thomas B. Schmidt, III.
21

competent legal services in a case of this type is in the range of $250 to $325 per
hour for partners and some lesser hourly rate for associates, generally ranging
between 50% and 80% of partner rates.” Def.’s Br. Opp’n, Ex F., Decl. J. David
Smith ¶ 15, Mar. 13, 2014, ECF No. 51-6. Smith adds that his own rate for federal
court defense litigation is $200 per hour and his standard rate for plaintiff
employment cases is $275 per hour. Id., ¶ 14.
Another Williamsport practitioner, Ryan M. Tira, declared that the
prevailing hourly rates for a local attorney with the necessary skill for this case is,
in his estimation, $200 to $225 per hour for a partner and $150 to $200 for an
associate. Def.’s Br. Opp’n, Ex. E, Decl. Ryan M. Tira ¶10, Mar. 13, 2014, ECF
No. 51-5. A third declaration by Robert Seiferth, an attorney practicing in
Williamsport since 1974 who has tried approximately twelve (12) jury cases in
Federal Court in Williamsport, provides his estimation of the prevailing hourly rate
for a skilled attorney with the necessary experience to provide competent legal
services for this matter to be in the range of $160 to $200 per hour for both a
partner and an associate. Def.’s Br. Opp’n, Ex. D, Decl. Robert Seiferth ¶10, Mar.
13, 2014, ECF No. 51-4. Finally, declarant Frank J. Lavery, Jr., a Harrisburg
attorney with 28 years experience finds the reasonable rates for this matter to be
$250 to $275 per hour for a partner and $150 to $175 per hour for an associate.
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Def.’s Br. Opp’n, Ex. C, Decl. Frank J. Lavery ¶10, Mar. 13, 2014, ECF No. 51-3.
These declarations are instructive and comport with the Court’s
understanding of the relevant ranges for legal fees within the Williamsport
vicinage of the Middle District. The Court finds that a reasonable fee range in this
vicinage for a partner with the necessary skill and experience to provide competent
legal services in this type of litigation is in the range of $180 to $325 per hour.
The Court considers the evident trial skill of attorney Fletman and the specific
expertise of both attorneys Fletman and Fromson in fixing their rates at the high
end of this range.
A reasonable rate in the Williamsport vicinage for attorney Fletman in this
matter, and considering her skill and experience on these issues, is $325 per hour.
Corresponding reasonable rates for her associate Bloom is $200 per hour and
associate Kelley is $150 per hour. Applying the previously calculated reasonable
hours expended to complete the lodestar, Flaster Greenberg is entitled to
$47,882.50 for attorneys fees plus $1,198.28 in costs, for a total of $49,080.78.
Attorney Fromson’s reasonable hourly rate for this matter is $250. A
corresponding reasonable rate for her associate Bass is $150 per hour. Applying
the lodestar formula, the Women’s Law Project is entitled to $21,530 attorneys
fees and $338.11 in costs for a total of $21,868.11.
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III.

CONCLUSION
The Plaintiffs’ attorneys are entitled to attorneys fees based on the

reasonable hourly rates in the Williamsport vicinage of the Middle District of
Pennsylvania for this type of litigation and in consideration of their skill and
expertise. The final calculation of the lodestar formula as applied to this case
entitles the Flaster Greenberg firm to a total of $49,080.78 and the Women’s Law
Project to $21,868.11, reflecting reasonable attorneys fees and costs.
An appropriate Order follows.
BY THE COURT:
s/ Matthew W. Brann
Matthew W. Brann
United States District Judge

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