MUSSI v. ASTRUE

Filing 13

OPINION resolving the parties' cross motions for summary judgment. Signed by Judge David S. Cercone on 9/29/10. (mwm)

MUSSI v. ASTRUE

Doc. 13

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA PAUL L. MUSSI, Plaintiff v. MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

2:09cv1218 Electronic Filing

OPINION

I.

IN T R O D U C T I O N Paul L. Mussi ("Plaintiff") brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), seeking

review of the final determination of the Commissioner of Social Security ("Defendant" or "Commissioner") denying his application for disability insurance benefits ("DIB") under Title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 401-433 ("the Act"). This matter comes before the court on cross-motions for summary judgment. (Docket Nos. 7, 11). The record has been developed at the administrative level. For the following reasons, Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment will be granted and Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment will be denied.

II.

PR O C ED U R A L HISTORY Plaintiff filed for DIB on June 1, 2006, claiming an inability to work as of June 29, 2003.

(R. at 104).1 Plaintiff initially was denied DIB on June 27, 2007. (R. at 60 - 63). A hearing was scheduled for August 15, 2008. Plaintiff, represented by counsel, appeared and testified. (R. at 20, 84 - 88). A vocational expert, Alina M. Kurtanich, also testified. (R. at 20). The ALJ issued his decision on October 17, 2008. (R. at 7 - 19). Plaintiff filed a request for review of the ALJ's decision by the Appeals Council, which was denied on July 10, 2009, thereby making the
1

C ita tio n s to Docket. Nos. 5 - 5-8, the Record, hereinafter, "R. at __."

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Dockets.Justia.com

decision of the ALJ the final decision of the Commissioner. (R. at 1 - 3). Plaintiff filed his Complaint on September 8, 2009. Defendant filed his Answer on November 13, 2009. Cross-motions for Summary Judgment followed.

III.

STATEMENT OF THE CASE A. General Background Plaintiff was born April 29, 1969, and was 39 years of age at the time of the hearing. (R.

at 28). As of June 1, 2007, Plaintiff had served in the United States military for fourteen years. (R. at 240). He served a tour of duty in the Persian Gulf from 1990 to 1991. (R. at 246). He served a second tour of duty in Iraq from 2003 to 2004. (R. at 246). While serving in Iraq, Plaintiff was involved in four improvised explosive device ("IED") attacks and injured his left shoulder. (R. at 240). During combat training in 2006, Plaintiff re-injured his left shoulder. (R. at 240). After his second tour of duty, Plaintiff attended college at Edinboro University for a degree in criminal justice. (R. at 240). He dropped out of college. (R. at 240). In 2006 Plaintiff was dismissed from a stint in officer training school. (R. at 240). Plaintiff currently lives with his spouse. (R. at 241). He has a child by a previous marriage who lives in North Carolina. (R. at 241). Plaintiff and his wife reside on a farm in northwestern Pennsylvania. (R. at 405). B. Medical Background - Physical On January 19, 2006, Plaintiff was examined at Martin Army Community Hospital for complaints of shoulder pain. (R. at 201). Plaintiff complained of pain of sudden onset, that worsened with activity and movement of the arm above shoulder level. (R. at 201). Plaintiff also complained that his shoulder often felt stiff, out of place, and unstable. (R. at 201). The hospital notes indicated no signs of psychological issues, no decreased functioning ability, no unusual sleep complaints or tiredness, and normal enjoyment and interest in activities. (R. at 201). Plaintiff appeared alert, well-developed, well-nourished, and in no acute distress. (R. at 202). Physical examination of the left shoulder revealed evidence of tissue injury and contusion of the 2

left deltoid region. (R. at 202). Some swelling and deformity was noted, as well as a lessened range of motion and pain during movement. (R. at 202). However, there was no pain on palpitation, no atrophy, normal shoulder abduction, normal shoulder extension, and normal internal rotation of the shoulder. (R. at 202). Plaintiff was provided medication and a brace. (R. at 202). Plaintiff's shoulder condition was attributed to combat training. (R. at 202). A January 19, 2006, radiology report on Plaintiff's shoulder revealed that Plaintiff's bones, joints, and soft tissues were normal. (R. at 205). There was no evidence of fracture or dislocation. (R. at 205). Plaintiff's left shoulder was considered normal. (R. at 205). Plaintiff was again seen at Martin Army Community Hospital on January 24, 2006 for complaints of left shoulder pain. (R. at 199). The examiner noted Plaintiff's normal radiology examination results from January 19, 2006. (R. at 199). Plaintiff reported that pain in his shoulder had decreased since his last visit. (R. at 199). On February 7, 2006, Plaintiff was examined at Martin Army Community Hospital for his left shoulder. (R. at 197). Plaintiff again appeared to be in no acute distress, was well-developed, and well-nourished. (R. at 197). The hospital notes indicate that there was some weakness in the left shoulder, though there was full range of motion and no instability. (R. at 197). Some swelling, joint pain, and stiffness were observed, as well as a popping sound, some clicking, and a grating sensation. (R. at 197). The examiner noted Plaintiff's normal radiology results, and diagnosed the condition as a left shoulder strain. (R. at 197). Medication was prescribed. (R. at 197). Plaintiff was last seen at Martin Army Community Hospital for his left shoulder pain on February 21, 2006. (R. at 195). Plaintiff appeared awake, alert, oriented, well-developed, wellnourished, hydrated, healthy, and active, and exhibited no signs of acute distress or discomfort. (R. at 195). Plaintiff's unremarkable radiology results were noted, and Plaintiff was again diagnosed with shoulder strain. (R. at 195). Plaintiff had an x-ray of his left shoulder taken at the Erie V.A. Medical Center on March 31, 2006. (R. at 214). The x-ray showed normal bone density, without significant degenerative changes, and no loose bodies or soft tissue calcifications. (R. at 214). The hospital concluded 3

that Plaintiff's results were normal. (R. at 214). Lawrence J. Galla, D.O., examined Plaintiff that same day and noted that flexion and extension of the left shoulder were normal. (R. at 353). Abduction caused Plaintiff some discomfort, as did touching the back of his neck. (R. at 353). Dr. Lawrence concluded that Plaintiff suffered from arthralgia of the left shoulder. (R. at 353). Another x-ray of Plaintiff's left shoulder at the Erie V.A. Medical Center on October 20, 2006, showed that Plaintiff's shoulder had minor abnormalities. (R. at 213). The radiology report noted that there was a focal bony irregularity on the clavicle that could have represented post-traumatic, and possibly degenerative, change. (R. at 213). However, glenohumeral relationship appeared normal, and there was no rotator cuff calcification. (R. at 213). At an orthopedic consult that same day, Plaintiff was noted as appearing healthy and in no acute distress. (R. at 312). Plaintiff's left shoulder showed some prominence of the distal clavicle, as well as crepitus and instability with compression of the distal clavicle; these abnormalities were credited with causing Plaintiff's pain. (R. at 314). There were no signs of loose bodies or calcification, and there were no signs of rotator cuff tear or labral tear. (R. at 314). Plaintiff had full strength in his left shoulder. (R. at 314). Plaintiff was injected with cortisone that subsequently provided excellent pain relief. (R. at 314). Electromyography ("EMG") was performed on January 29, 2007, for carpal tunnel syndrome, and showed that Plaintiff suffered from a minimal degree of carpal tunnel in the wrists. (R. at 210 - 11). On February 16, 2007, Plaintiff had an x-ray of his spine taken at the Erie V.A. Medical Center. (R. at 212). The x-ray showed satisfactory lumbar spinal alignment, no vertebral bodies, and no fractures. (R. at 212). Plaintiff's intervertebral disc spaces were normal, and there were no signs of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. (R. at 212). An "incidental note" of spina bifida occulta at the L5 vertebrae was made. (R. at 212). However, Plaintiff's spine was diagnosed as having only minor abnormality. (R. at 212). On February 16, 2007, Plaintiff was seen by Harvey P. Insler, M.D., at the Erie V.A. Medical Center for complaints of shoulder pain and numbness in the hands. (R. at 288). A radiology study revealed multiple small fractures in both hands. (R. at 288). However, an EMG study for carpal tunnel syndrome showed that both hands were only mildly affected. (R. at 288). 4

Dr. Insler acknowledged Plaintiff injured his left shoulder while serving in the military, but noted that recent magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI") of the shoulder showed no problems. (R. at 288). Surgery was not recommended. Dr. Insler prescribed night splints for Plaintiff's carpal tunnel syndrome and suggested taking over-the-counter medications to relieve pain. (R. at 288). He also recommended Plaintiff modify his activities to avoid pain. (R. at 288). Plaintiff was evaluated on May 31, 2007, by physical therapist Bobby Letzo, P.T., for traumatic brain injury and back pain. (R. at 238). Mr. Letzo noted that Plaintiff's chief complaints were low back pain, ear pressure, and nausea. (R. at 238). During the evaluation, Mr. Letzo found that Plaintiff's impulsiveness and disinhibition were a result of behavioral issues, and not necessarily a traumatic brain injury. (R. at 238 - 39). Plaintiff did not exhibit other signs of traumatic brain injury such as balance dysfunction, apraxia, ataxia, dysdiadokokinesia, diminished coordination, or weakness. (R. at 239). Mr. Letzo felt that physical therapy may be able to relieve Plaintiff's back pain. (R. at 239). An MRI study of Plaintiff's brain was completed on June 1, 2007, at Saint Vincent Health Center. (R. at 245). The MRI showed no abnormality. (R. at 245). Michael Orinick, M.D. examined Plaintiff on October 1, 2007 for a follow up on his earlier assessment for traumatic brain injury. (R. at 418). A neuropsychological evaluation showed that Plaintiff did not meet the physical criteria for traumatic brain injury and did not suffer from cognitive dysfunction. (R. at 418). Plaintiff was considered to be suffering primarily from issues related to depression, anxiety, mood disturbance, and post-traumatic stress disorder2 ("PTSD"). (R. at 418). C. Medical Background - Psychological Plaintiff received psychotherapy and medication from the Eric V.A. Medical Center.

2

P T S D is the development of "characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor." A m e r ic a n Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) 424 (4th ed. 1 9 9 4 ) . Traumatic events leading to the onset of PTSD include military combat. Id. Intense fear, hopelessness, and/ or h o r r o r is often experienced. Id. Persistent re-experience of the traumatic events leading to PTSD are often suffered in th e form of recurrent, intrusive recollections, distressing dreams, and dissociative states that can last for days. Id. The P T S D sufferer will experience persistent anxiety and arousal, often leading to difficulty sleeping, hypervigilance, e x a g g e r a te d startle responses, increased irritability, outbursts of anger, and difficulty concentrating and completing tasks. I d . at 425.

5

Over a period of time spanning 2006 to 2008, Plaintiff was treated by a number of medical professionals at the center. On May 22, 2006 Plaintiff had an initial evaluation with a behavioral science specialist, Mark A. Steg, M.S. (R. at 344 - 49). Mr. Steg determined that Plaintiff suffered from PTSD and depression. (R. at 344 - 49). During the initial evaluation, Mr. Steg noted that Plaintiff's grooming was appropriate, he was oriented, cooperative, and congenial, his speech was anxious but logical, his affect was appropriate, there were no signs of thought disorder, and he showed fair insight and judgment. (R. at 344 - 49). However, he appeared to have difficulty maintaining composure throughout the session. (R. at 347). Plaintiff was assessed a global assessment of functioning ("GAF") score of 50.3 (R. at 344 - 49). Mr. Steg concluded that Plaintiff's social, cognitive, and affective dysfunction rendered him unemployable. (R. at 348). Mr. Steg conducted Plaintiff's psychotherapy from June 12, 2006 until July 19, 2006, when Plaintiff switched psychotherapists. (R. at 322 , 331). Plaintiff was treated for PTSD and depression during these sessions. (R. at 322, 331). Mr. Steg generally noted that Plaintiff was anxious, and acted disproportionately cheerful to hide his anxiety. (R. at 322, 331). Plaintiff generally exhibited regular speech patterns, maintained his appearance appropriately, exhibited fair judgment, and was intelligent and motivated. (R. at 322, 331). However, Mr. Steg noted that Plaintiff's PTSD and depression worsened when confronted with the reality of his health, financial, and employment situations. (R. at 322, 331). Plaintiff began seeing Carol L. Teresi, C.R.N.P., for prescription medication maintenance
3

The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale ("GAF") assesses an individual's psychological, social and o c c u p a tio n a l functioning with a score of 1 being the lowest and a score of 100 being the highest. The GAF score c o n s id e r s "psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health-illness." A m e r ic a n Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 24 (DSM-IV-TR) (4th ed. 2 0 0 0 ) . An individual with a GAF score of 60 may have "[m]oderate symptoms" or "moderate difficulty in social, o c c u p a tio n a l, or school functioning;" of 50 may have "[s]erious symptoms (e.g., suicidal ideation ....)" or "impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning (e.g., no friends, unable to keep a job);" of 40 may have "[s]ome im p a ir m e n t in reality testing or communication" or "major impairment in several areas, such as work or school, family r e la tio n s , judgment, thinking or mood"; of 30 may have behavior "considerably influenced by delusions or h a llu c in a tio n s " or "serious impairment in communication or judgment (e.g., ... suicidal preoccupation)" or "inability to fu n c tio n in almost all areas ...; of 20 "[s]ome danger of hurting self or others ... or occasionally fails to maintain minimal p e r s o n a l hygiene ... or gross impairment in communication...." Id.

6

on June 2, 2006. (R. at 327). Ms. Teresi monitored the effectiveness of Plaintiff's psychiatric medications for his PTSD and depression. (R. at 327). At their initial meeting, Ms. Teresi found Plaintiff's appearance to be neat and clean, he was fairly relaxed, he exhibited regular speech patterns, he thought logically, and he was oriented. (R. at 327). Nevertheless, she noted that Plaintiff suffered from significant PTSD symptoms, including hyper-vigilance and "fighting mode." (R. at 327). Plaintiff's mood and impulse control were down, his cognition was impaired, and his judgment and insight were limited. (R. at 327). Ms. Teresi believed that Plaintiff's symptoms were likely to impair his relationships and limited his ability to work. (R. at 327). Ms. Teresi continued to meet with Plaintiff and monitor his medications through June 18, 2007. (R. at 258). Ms. Teresi frequently found that Plaintiff was dressed neatly and cleanly, was relaxed and open, was oriented, exhibited regular speech patterns, showed logical thought processes, and had good cognition, impulse control, insight, and judgment. (R. at 258, 263, 277, 294, 299, 308-18, 325). However, these findings often fluctuated greatly depending upon the severity of the PTSD and depression suffered by Plaintiff over the course of Ms. Teresi's evaluations. (R. at 258, 263, 277, 294, 299, 308 - 18, 325). Plaintiff's marital, health, and financial problems often were enhanced by, and also enhanced, Plaintiff's PTSD and depression symptoms. (R. at 258, 263, 277, 294, 299, 308 - 18, 325). Ms. Teresi stressed the need to try to stabilize Plaintiff's mood. (R. at 309). Plaintiff was assessed a GAF score of 50 by Ms. Teresi in an October 27, 2006, evaluation. (R. at 310). Ms. Teresi's findings with respect to Plaintiff's mental state improved somewhat over the course of her evaluations. (R. at 258, 263, 277, 294, 299, 308 - 18, 325). In her final meeting with Plaintiff on June 18, 2007, Ms. Teresi noted that Plaintiff appeared to be responding favorably to a recent medication change, as his energy and ability to concentrate had improved. (R. at 258). Plaintiff continued to need help controlling agitation. (R. at 258). Ms. Teresi recommended Plaintiff try an additional medication to calm him down. (R. at 258). Following psychotherapy treatment with Mr. Steg, Plaintiff began visiting Andre ShreveNeiger, Ph.D., on December 12, 2006. (R. at 302). During his initial evaluation by Dr. Shreve, 7

Plaintiff was assessed a GAF score of 62. (R. at 62). Dr. Shreve noted that Plaintiff was of high average intelligence, and was open, cooperative, and motivated to get better. (R. at 302). However, Plaintiff suffered from intrusive traumatic memories, was easily startled, was hypervigilant, had stunted emotional expression, and felt isolated, detached, and guilty, as a result of PTSD and depression. (R. at 302). Dr. Shreve observed that Plaintiff was well-nourished, was neat and exhibited adequate hygiene, made good eye contact, was oriented, spoke normally, had a dysthymic mood, had intact judgment, and exhibited no signs of thought disorder. (R. at 302). Plaintiff had numerous psychotherapy sessions with Dr. Shreve through September 5, 2007. (R. at 420, 424). Plaintiff was often described as exhibiting euthymic mood, moodcongruent affect, adequate hygiene, and good eye contact. (R. at 302, 298, 296, 292 - 91, 286 81, 266, 432, 430, 420, 424). Plaintiff generally communicated well and was usually in no acute distress. (R. at 302, 298, 296, 292-91, 286-81, 266, 432, 430, 420, 424). As was noted by Ms. Teresi, Plaintiff often struggled because his continual difficulties with work, an unstable and emotionally charged relationship with his wife, PTSD, and depression often fed off of one another. (R. at 302, 298, 296, 292 - 91, 286 - 81, 266, 432, 430, 420, 424). At one point, Plaintiff secured employment, but did not start because he believed his psychological condition would prevent him from performing successfully. (R. at 283). In his final sessions with Plaintiff, Dr. Shreve opined that Plaintiff appeared to be fairing better in terms of mood and anxiety, and that his psychological condition was responding to medication. (R. at 266). Plaintiff's relationship with his wife also seemed to stabilize. (R. at 266). At his second to last session on August 8, 2007, Dr. Shreve noted that Plaintiff was especially communicative and insightful. (R. 430). Yet, at his September 5, 2007 session with Dr. Shreve, Plaintiff became particularly angry and defensive towards Dr. Shreve when he was informed that Dr. Shreve would be terminating the therapeutic relationship because of a job change the following month. (R. at 425). Plaintiff stated that he wished to terminate their sessions the same day, and not continue through October. (R. at 425). Dr. Shreve noted that despite some apparent progress in his preceding session, Plaintiff now appeared to be regressing, and left therapy on bad terms. (R. at 425). 8

Plaintiff continued psychotherapy with Erma Watt, C.R.N.P., after Dr. Shreve left. (R. at 415, 420, 424). In her first session, Ms. Watt noted that Plaintiff was frustrated, angry, and depressed. (R. at 415). He told Ms. Watt that unless his financial situation improved, he did not know how he would be able to change his psychological condition positively. (R. at 415). Otherwise, Plaintiff exhibited a wide range of affect, a neat and clean appearance, a relaxed and open demeanor, appropriate behavior, and ease of communication. (R. at 415). Plaintiff's last visit with Ms. Watt was on February 26, 2008. (R. at 402). He generally exhibited euthymic mood, a range of affect, logical thought processes, a neat and clean appearance, relaxed and appropriate behavior, and the ability to develop a good rapport. (R. at 415, 413, 407, 404, 402). Plaintiff's psychological state did fluctuate, and he often suffered from intrusive traumatic memories, anger, irritation, avoidance behaviors, hypersomnia4, anhedonia5, poor sleep, poor concentration, lack of energy, and an unstable relationship with his wife. (R. at 402, 404, 407, 413- 15). On January 22, 2008, Ms. Watt assessed Plaintiff a GAF score of 59. (R. at 404). At the last therapy session, she noted that Plaintiff had ceased taking his medication because it made him sleep too much. (R. at 402). Over the course of his psychological and psychiatric treatment at the V.A., Plaintiff was prescribed a wide range of medications at varying doses that were adjusted frequently in an effort to control his PTSD, anxiety, depression, and other related problems/symptoms. These drugs

4

" H y p e r s o m n ia is characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime s le e p . Different from feeling tired due to lack of or interrupted sleep at night, persons with hypersomnia are compelled to nap repeatedly during the day, often at inappropriate times such as at work, during a meal, or in conversation. These d a ytim e naps usually provide no relief from symptoms. Patients often have difficulty waking from a long sleep, and may fe e l disoriented. Other symptoms may include anxiety, increased irritation, decreased energy, restlessness, slow thinking, s lo w speech, loss of appetite, hallucinations, and memory difficulty. Some patients lose the ability to function in family, s o c ia l, occupational, or other settings. . . Medical conditions including . . . depression . . . may contribute to the disorder." N a tio n a l Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: National Institutes of Health, http://www.ninds.nih. g o v /d is o r d e r s / hypersomnia/hypersomnia.htm (last visited September 10, 2010).
5

A n h e d o n ia is the "absence of pleasure from the performance of acts that would ordinarily be pleasurable." W e b M D , http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/anhedonia (last visited September 10, 2010).

9

included: Butalbital6, Celexa7, Depakote8, Effexor9, Hydroxyzine10, Prozac11, Tegretol12,

6

" B u ta lb ita l is a sedative that helps to decrease anxiety and cause sleepiness and relaxation." WebMD, h ttp ://w w w .w e b m d .c o m /d r u g s /d r u g -1 9 8 4 3 - B u t a l b i t a l + C o m p o u n d + O r a l.a s p x ? d r u g id = 1 9 8 4 3 & d r u g n a m e = B u ta lb ita l+ C o m p o u n d + O r a l& s o u r c e = 1 ( la s t visited September 10, 2010).
7

" C e le x a is an orally administrered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with a chemical structure u n r e la te d to that of other SSRI's or of tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other available antidepressant agents." Physician's Desk R e fe r e n c e 1176 (61st ed. 2007). "Celexa is indicated for the treatment of depression." Id. at 1177.
8

" D e p a k o te is indicated for treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood." Physician's Desk Reference 429, 4 3 6 (61st ed. 2007).
9

" E ffe x o r is a structurally novel antidepressant for oral administration." Physician's Desk Reference 3411 (61st e d . 2007). "Effexor is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder." Id. at 3412.
10

H y d r o x y z in e is indicated for use in treatment of various conditions, including anxiety. U.S. National Library o f Medicine, National Institutes of Health, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gove/pubmedhealth/PMH0000796 (last visited S e p te m b e r 13, 2010).
11

" P r o z a c is a psychotropic drug for oral administration." Physician's Desk Reference 1801 (61st ed. 2007). " P r o z a c is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder . . . obsessive compulsive disorder . . . bulimia nervosa . . . [and] panic disorder." Id. at 1803.
12

" T e g r e to l, carbamazepine USP, is an anticonvulsant and specific analgesic for trigeminal neuralgia." P h y s ic ia n ' s Desk Reference 2295 (61st ed. 2007).

10

Trazodone13, Wellbutrin14, Valproic Acid15, and Zoloft16. Rosemary C. Buzzard, C.N.R.P., began to oversee the management of Plaintiff's medications on September 5, 2007. (R. at 421-23). Ms. Buzzard noted Plaintiff showed minimal responsiveness to medication. (R. at 423). On May 31, 2007, Plaintiff underwent a speech, language, and cognitive evaluation with Lorri MacIsaac, M.S. (R. at 231). Plaintiff reported that he had recently been experiencing memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and hearing loss in noisy areas. (R. at 231). Following the evaluation, Ms. MacIsaac concluded that Plaintiff's hearing was within the normal range, but that he did exhibit hearing loss at high frequency. (R. at 232). Plaintiff had no difficulties with orientation. (R. at 232). In terms of problem-solving and reasoning, Plaintiff was mildly deficient. (R. at 232). He also had difficulty with simple, non-verbal tasks, and with complex verbal and nonverbal reasoning. (R. at 232). Ms. MacIsaac determined Plaintiff showed definite difficulty with respect to maintaining attention and coping with distractions. (R. at 232 - 33). Plaintiff was assessed as being in the fifty percent range when completing attention-testing tasks. (R. at 233). Plaintiff was also moderately deficient with respect to memory, particularly his recent and short-term memory. (R. at 233). Plaintiff's speech production was mildly deficient. (R. at 233). Ms. MacIsaac found he
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T r a z o d o n e "is used to treat depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural c h e m i c a l (serotonin) in the brain." W e b M D , http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-11188-T r a z o d o n e + O r a l.a s p x ? d r u g id = 1 1 1 8 8 & d r u g n a m e = T r a z o d o n e + O r a l& s o u r c e = 2 (last visited September 13, 2010).
14

" W e l l b u t r in , an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, s e le c tiv e serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents." Physician's Desk Reference 1603 (61st e d . 2007). "W e llb u tr in is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder." Id. at 1604.
15

" D e p a k e n e (valproic acid) is indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with c o m p le x partial seizures that occur either in isolation or in association with other types of seizures." Physician's Desk R e fe r e n c e (61st ed. 2007) at 418.
16

" Z o lo ft is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for oral administration." Physician's Desk Reference 2586 ( 6 1 s t ed. 2007). "Zoloft is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder . . . obsessive compulsive disorder . . . panic disorder . . . post traumatic stress disorder . . . premenstrual dysphoric disorder . . . [and] social anxiety d is o r d e r ." Id. at 2588.

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had difficulty finding the correct word to describe or identify objects, and sometimes incorrectly substituted one word for another. (R. at 233). Plaintiff was also noted as exhibiting difficulty with executive functions such as planning, decision-making, time management, and organization. (R. at 233). Ms. MacIsaac recommended that Plaintiff seek speech therapy, and focus upon addressing deficits in memory, attention, executive function, and word retrieval. (R. at 233). Following his session with Ms. MacIsaac, Plaintiff was evaluated by an occupational therapist, Michelle Mioduszewski, M.S. (R. at 234). Ms. Mioduszewski noted that Plaintiff was well-dressed, clean, and groomed, and exhibited no signs of difficulty with independent living skills. (R. at 234). Plaintiff was within functional limits with respect to range of motion, sensation, gross motor control, and fine motor control in his bilateral upper extremities. (R. at 234). Ms. Mioduszewski determined that Plaintiff's visual skills were within functional limits for distance and peripheral vision, as was his tolerance for light. (R. at 235). However, his visual perception skills were in the low average range, and his visual motor assessment indicated personality disturbance. (R. at 235). In terms of cognition and executive functioning, Plaintiff was found to have difficulty maintaining attention when there were multiple distractions. (R. at 235). Plaintiff's had a significant deficit in impulse control. (R. at 235). Planning and organizational skills were also found to be lacking. (R. at 236). Plaintiff was found to exhibit frustration with more complex tasks. (R. at 236). Ms. Mioduszewski observed that Plaintiff was alert and compliant throughout the evaluation, though significant thoughts of aggressive behavior were noted. (R. at 236). Ms. Mioduszewski concluded that Plaintiff was within the normal limits of daily living and independent functioning. (R. at 236). Plaintiff's bilateral upper extremities were normal, except that his left upper extremity was slightly weaker than the right. (R. at 236). Plaintiff had no sensory deficits, despite complaints of tingling in both hands. (R. at 236). Plaintiff's physical endurance was normal. (R. at 236). Basic cognitive processes were very functional, though there was difficulty with executive and cognitive functions. (R. at 236). Ms. Mioduszewski also found that Plaintiff's difficulty with impulse control was consistent with an individual suffering from 12

brain damage. (R. at 236). She recommended Plaintiff receive occupational therapy. (R. at 237). Plaintiff was referred to Jonathan L. Costa, M.D., Ph.D., for a "physiatric" evaluation on June 1, 2007. (R. at 240). After examining Plaintiff Dr. Costa concluded that he suffered from multiple war-related closed head injuries and a left shoulder acromioclavicular ("AC") separation. (R. at 243). Dr. Costa also noted the presence of some degree of amnesia, ataxia17, anosognosia18, chronic pain, cognitive deficiency with behavior disorder, depression and episodic dyscontrol syndrome19, post-concussive syndrome20, sleep disturbance, cervical spine derangement with sprain/ strain, cervicogenic headache, and thoracic spine sprain/strain. (R. at 243). Dr. Costa opined that certain of Plaintiff's psychiatric medications might have been contributing to his cognitive defects and episodic dyscontrol. (R. at 243). He recommended changes in Plaintiff's regimen of medications - suggesting Plaintiff cease taking Depakote and Zoloft and continue with Prozac. (R. at 243). It was further recommended that Plaintiff's medical regimen include Zyprexa21, Celexa, and Provigil22 as alternative means of controlling his

17

" A ta x ia describes a lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements, such as walking or picking up o b j e c ts ." MayoClinic.com, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ataxia/ DS00910 (last visited September 13, 2010).
18

A n o s o g n o s ia , generally, is the inability to recognize portions of one's own body, or physical deficits or paralysis in portions of one's own body. The Merck Manual 1785 (18th ed. 2006).
19

E p i s o d ic dyscontrol syndrome - intermittent explosive disorder "is marked by sudden, unpredictable acts of violent, aggressive behavior in otherwise normal persons." M edicineO nline, h ttp ://w w w .m e d ic in e o n lin e .c o m /a r tic le s /E /2 /E p is o d ic -D y s c o n tr o l-S y n d ro m e /In te rm itte n t-E x p lo siv e -D iso rd e r.h tm l (last v is ite d September 13, 2010).
20

" P o s t-c o n c u s s iv e syndrome is a complex disorder in which a combination of post-concussion symptoms - such a s headaches and dizziness - last for weeks and sometimes months after the injury that caused the concussion." M a y o C lin ic .c o m , http://www.mayoclinic.com/ health/post-concussion-syndrome/DS01020 (last visited September 13, 2 0 1 0 ).
21

" Z y p r e x a is a psychotropic agent that belongs to the thienobenzodizepine class." Physician's Desk Reference 1 8 3 0 (61st ed. 2007). "Zyprexa is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia . . . [and] bipolar disorder." Id. at 1831.
22

" P r o v ig il is a wakefulness-promoting agent for oral administration." Physician's Desk Reference 988 (61st ed. 2 0 0 7 ).

13

PTSD and depression effectively. (R. at 244). Dr. Costa also advised Plaintiff to get an orthopedic evaluation for his left shoulder and physical therapy for his neck. (R. at 244). Plaintiff received a neuropsychological evaluation from Michael Schwabenbauer, Ph.D. on June 4, 2007, to assess Plaintiff's cognitive and behavioral functioning. (R. at 246). Dr. Schwabenbauer found Plaintiff to be alert and oriented during the evaluation. (R. at 248). Plaintiff's verbal intellectual resources were in the high-average range; Plaintiff's verbal working memory was in the low-average range; intellectual testing measures indicated Plaintiff was in the average/ high-average range; Plaintiff's executive functioning was within expected limits; Plaintiff's word fluency was average; Plaintiff's verbal and visual recall were in the average range; repetition improved Plaintiff's recall significantly; Plaintiff's oral language was fluent, prosodic, and adequate in volume; Plaintiff's comprehension was functional for conversational purposes; Plaintiff exhibited no word-finding difficulty as earlier reported; and, he exhibited no visual construction difficulties which would indicate mental disturbance. (R. at 248). Dr. Schwabenbauer opined that a personality assessment of Plaintiff showed performance consistent with Plaintiff's personal belief that he was suffering from severe psychological stress and had no resources to cope with such distress; however, this personal belief was not an accurate reflection of reality. (R. at 249). Dr. Schwabenbauer concluded that Plaintiff did not suffer from any significant cognitive dysfunction. (R. at 249). Plaintiff's intellect, memory, language, perception, and attentional processing fell within average ranges and were fairly wellpreserved. (R. at 249). He did not find slowness in processing speed or other indicators of traumatic brain injury. (R. at 249). The objective testing did indicate, however, that Plaintiff likely suffered from intense anxiety, PTSD, and depression. (R. at 249). He noted that Plaintiff's symptoms appeared to be fairly well-controlled by medication. (R. at 249). Dr. Schwabenbauer stated that Plaintiff would likely benefit from stress management therapy, continued group therapy at the V.A. hospital, and psychiatric treatment for depression. (R. at 249). D. RFC Assessments An RFC assessment of Plaintiff's left shoulder and carpal tunnel syndrome was completed by `Nghia Van Tran, M.D., on June 5, 2007. (R. at 250 - 256). Dr. Van Tran reviewed 14

Plaintiff's medical record and concluded that he had medically determinable impairments of left shoulder arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome in both hands. (R. at 255). Dr. Van Tran determined that Plaintiff could still lift twenty pounds occasionally and ten pounds frequently. (R. at 251). Plaintiff also was found able to stand at least six hours, sit about six hours, and push or pull without limitation in an eight hour workday. (R. at 251). No other limitations were noted in the RFC assessment. (R. at 250 - 254). Plaintiff's statements concerning limitations in daily functions were found to be only partially credible. (R. at 255 - 256). Specifically, Dr. Van Tran found that although Plaintiff claimed his left shoulder was injured in Iraq in 2003, and re-injured during combat training in 2006, radiology tests on his shoulder showed only normal to mildly abnormal results. (R. at 255). Plaintiff also did not take pain medication. (R. at 255). Dr. Van Tran determined that past physical examinations of Plaintiff's left shoulder revealed no deformities, some tenderness on palpitation, shoulder flexion of 180 degrees, shoulder abduction of 140 degrees, internal rotation to L3, external rotation of 80 degrees, and some tenderness on abduction. The evaluations also revealed normal neurology results, normal gait and station, and normal bilateral hand grip. (R. at 255). With respect to his carpal tunnel syndrome, physical examination of Plaintiff's wrist flexion was normal. (R. at 255). Plaintiff's grip strength was also normal, and neurology exams were relatively unremarkable. (R. at 255). A State Agency consultant, Richard A. Heil, Ph.D., performed a mental RFC assessment on June 21, 2007. (R. at 357). In his assessment, Dr. Heil found that Plaintiff was moderately limited in his ability to remember locations and work-like procedures, understand and remember detailed instructions, carry out detailed instructions, maintain attention and concentration for extended periods, sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision, and work in coordination with or proximity to others without being distracted. (R. at 355). Dr. Heil also determined that Plaintiff was moderately limited in his ability to complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace without an unreasonable number and length of rest periods. (R. at 356). Additionally, Plaintiff would be moderately limited in his ability to interact appropriately with 15

the general public, respond appropriately to changes in the work setting, travel in unfamiliar places or use public transportation, and set realistic goals or make plans independently of others. (R. at 356). Dr. Heil summarized his findings by concluding that neither Plaintiff's long-term or short-term memory were significantly impaired; Plaintiff could understand, retain, and follow simple job instructions; Plaintiff could carry out very short and simple instructions; Plaintiff could maintain concentration and attention for long periods; Plaintiff could maintain regular attendance; Plaintiff could maintain socially appropriate behaviors and maintain himself; and, Plaintiff could function in production-oriented jobs requiring little independent decision-making. (R. at 356). As such, Dr. Heil determined Plaintiff could hold competitive employment on a sustained basis. (R. at 356). On June 8, 2008, Ms. Watt conducted an updated mental RFC assessment of Plaintiff. (R. at 381). She indicated that Plaintiff had Major Depression characterized by anhedonia, appetite disturbance, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating or thinking, and thoughts of suicide. (R. at 378). Ms. Watt indicated that Plaintiff had marked restriction of activities of daily living, marked difficulty in maintaining social functioning, marked difficulty in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace, and, repeated episodes of decompensation. (R. at 379). He was also assessed as suffering from an anxiety disorder due to generalized persistent anxiety accompanied by autonomic hyperactivity, apprehensive expectation, and vigilance and scanning. (R. at 382). Plaintiff also had recurrent and intrusive recollections of traumatic experiences, resulting in marked distress. (R. at 382). Plaintiff's abilities in the following areas were marked as `Poor' by Ms. Watt: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Relate to co-workers; Deal with the public; Interact with supervisors; Deal with work stress in the usual work setting; Maintain attention/concentration; Understand, remember and carry out complex job instructions; Understand, remember and carry out detailed, but not complex job instructions; Maintain personal appearance; 16

9. 10.

Behave in an emotionally stable manner; and, Demonstrate reliability.

(R. at 380 - 81). E. ALJ Hearing Plaintiff testified that he graduated high school and had completed several semesters at Edinboro University in pursuit of a criminal justice degree. (R. at 28). While attending school, Plaintiff worked at a local Wal-Mart as a snack bar assistant. (R. at 31). He maintained a commercial driver's license and regular driver's license. (R. at 29 - 29). Plaintiff served as a military policeman in the army. (R. at 29). Outside the army, he had worked as a commercial truck driver and security guard/investigator. (R. at 30). In 2006, Plaintiff attempted to complete officer training school, but was unable to finish. (R. at 33). He was dismissed from the program because he was confrontational and argumentative with the instructors. (R. at 43). Plaintiff felt the instructors were teaching the subject matter of various courses improperly. (R. at 43 - 44). Plaintiff often was reprimanded for his behavior. (R. at 45). Plaintiff testified that as a result of his physical condition he was limited in his ability to complete drills and exercises properly. (R. at 45). Overall, Plaintiff believed that he had not been a team player, and he had not fit in. (R. at 45). Plaintiff stated that while at training, his anger, concentration difficulties, and headaches became progressively worse; however, these conditions were not as bad as they became subsequent to leaving officer training. (R. at 46). Plaintiff claimed he suffered from anger management problems. (R. at 31). He believed his anger had forced him to quit past employment. (R. at 32). Plaintiff's anger had also soured his relationship with his wife. (R. at 32). There were times that he could not concentrate, and he suffered from severe headaches which required him to lie down or else he might "snap and throw things." (R. at 34). He became irritable like this every three days. (R. at 34). These spells could last a few hours or an entire afternoon, and prevented him from taking part in everyday activities. (R. at 34). The headaches often prohibit him from doing any type of work - he cannot even watch television or operate a computer. (R. at 40 - 41). They also make him irritable to the point 17

where he avoids all social activity. (R. at 41). Plaintiff claimed his irritability got so bad when around others that he once wanted to throw an individual off a bridge for taking his fishing spot. (R. at 46 - 47). Plaintiff began vocational rehabilitation in 2007, and his therapists were not hopeful about his future employment prospects. (R. at 48). They recommended that he seek disability. (R. at 48). Plaintiff was placed on medications for his psychological issues, but at the time of the hearing his medications were not providing him with much relief. (R. at 49). Plaintiff claimed that he suffered side effects from his medications and he often could not get out of bed. (R. at 40 - 50). He has been fully compliant with his medication regimen. (R. at 50 - 51). Plaintiff testified that his left shoulder and hands gave him difficulty. (R. at 35). While serving in Iraq, a Humvee accident caused him to hit the dashboard of the vehicle and injure his left shoulder. (R. at 35). An orthopedic doctor in Erie informed him that he was a candidate for shoulder replacement, but that he was too young. (R. at 35). The doctor told Plaintiff that he would just have to deal with the pain. (R. at 35). When he sought second opinions in Pittsburgh, the Pittsburgh doctors could find nothing wrong with his shoulder. (R. at 35). Yet, Plaintiff also stated that testing conducted at some point had found a pinched nerve in his spine that was causing his shoulder pain. (R. at 35 - 36). Plaintiff's shoulder pain prevented him from lifting his left arm, and his pain had been so bad that he once went to a hospital to get pain medication. (R. at 36). As a result of his left shoulder, he did not use his left arm much, and avoided picking up objects with it. (R. at 37). With respect to his hands, Plaintiff claimed that he experienced uncomfortable swelling and numbness. (R. at 35). Numbness was particularly pronounced when he was using his hands consistently, such as with typing or writing. (R. at 38). As a result, Plaintiff often drops things. (R. at 37). Holding objects often give him the feeling of being electrically shocked, which in turn force him to let go of whatever he is holding. (R. at 37). Plaintiff has not received treatment for his hands. (R. at 39). As a result of his psychological and physical condition, Plaintiff has given up all pleasurable activities and hobbies. (R. at 51 - 52). His interactions with others in public were 18

limited mostly to helping his wife with grocery shopping. (R. at 52). A vocational expert, Ms. Kurtanich, testified regarding the availability of employment for a hypothetical person limited to: light work activity that is simple and repetitive in nature involving routine work processes and settings not involving teamwork; activities involving no more than incidental interaction with the public; activities not involving high stress - high stress being defined as high quotas or close attention to quality production standards; and, activities not involving overhead reaching or lifting with the left, non-dominant arm as an integral part of the job. (R. at 54). Ms. Kurtanich stated that a hypothetical person of Plaintiff's age, education, work experience, and limitations had a variety of employment options available. (R. at 54). The person could work as a warehouse checker, with 100,000 positions in the national economy; could work as a ticket taker, with 105,000 positions in the national economy; and could work as a ticketer, with 160,000 positions in the national economy. (R. at 54). The ALJ asked Ms. Kurtanich what would be available if the hypothetical person was further limited to only sedentary work. (R. at 54). Ms. Kurtanich testified that such a person could work as a surveillance system monitor, with 230,000 positions in the national economy; a document preparer, with 200,000 positions in the national economy; and a ticket check, with over one million positions in the national economy. (R. at 55). These jobs could be completed sitting or standing. (R. at 55). According to Ms. Kurtanich, the hypothetical person would not have job opportunities available if he was unable to report for work or would have to leave work on an irregular basis three or more times per month; if he would be off task fifteen percent of the work day; if he would react inappropriately to supervision by either ignoring supervisors or reacting negatively to supervision; or, if once a week he would have difficulty concentrating for about two hours at a time. (R. at 55 - 56). IV. STA N D A R D OF REVIEW Judicial review of the Commissioner's final decisions on disability claims is provided by

19

statute. 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g)23 and 1383(c)(3).24 Section 405(g) permits a district court to review transcripts and records upon which a determination of the Commissioner is based. The district court's role is limited to determining whether substantial evidence exists in the record to support the ALJ's findings of fact. Burns v. Barnhart, 312 F.3d 113, 118 (3d Cir. 2002). Substantial evidence is defined as "more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate" to support conclusion. Ventura v. Shalala, 55 F.3d 900, 901 (3d Cir. 1995)(quoting Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)). Additionally, if the ALJ's findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, they are conclusive. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Richardson, 402 U.S. at 390. A district court cannot conduct a de novo review of the Commissioner's decision nor re-weigh evidence of record. Palmer v. Apfel, 995 F.Supp. 549, 552 (E.D. Pa. 1998); see also Monsour Medical Center v. Heckler, 806 F.2d 1185, 90-91 (3d. Cir. 1986) ("even where this court acting de novo might have reached a different conclusion . . . so long as the agency's factfinding is supported by substantial evidence, reviewing courts lack power to reverse either those findings or the reasonable regulatory interpretations that an agency manifests in the course of making such findings."). To determine whether a finding is supported by substantial evidence, however, the district court
23

S e c tio n 405(g) provides in pertinent part: Any individual, after any final decision of the [Commissioner] made after a hearing to which he was a party, irrespective of the amount in controversy, may obtain a r e v ie w of such decision by a civil action ... brought in the district court of the U n i t e d States for the judicial district in which the plaintiff resides, or has his p r in c ip a l place of business 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
24

S e c tio n 1383(c)(3) provides in pertinent part: The final determination of the Commissioner of Social Security after a hearing u n d e r paragraph (1) shall be subject to judicial review as provided in section 405(g) o f this title to the same extent as the Commissioner's final determinations under s e c tio n 405 of this title. 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3).

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must review the record as a whole. See 5 U.S.C. §706. To be eligible for social security benefits under the Act, a claimant must demonstrate that he cannot engage in substantial gainful activity because of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months. 42 U.S.C. §423(d)(1)(A); Brewster v. Heckler, 786 F.2d 581, 583 (3d Cir. 1986). The ALJ must utilize a five-step sequential analysis when evaluating the disability status of each claimant. 20 C.F.R. §404.1520. The ALJ must determine: (1) whether the claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) if not, whether the claimant has a severe impairment or a combination of impairments that is severe; (3) whether the medical evidence of the claimant's impairment or combination of impairments meets or equals the criteria listed in 20 C.F.R., pt. 404 subpt. P., appx. 1; (4) whether the claimant's impairments prevent him from performing his past relevant work; and (5) if the claimant is incapable of performing his past relevant work, whether he can perform any other work which exists in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. §404.1520(a)(4); see Barnhart v. Thomas, 540 U.S. 20, 24-25 (2003). If the claimant is determined to be unable to resume previous employment, the burden shifts to the Commissioner (Step 5) to prove that, given plaintiffs's mental or physical limitations, age, education, and work experience, he or she is able to perform substantial gainful activity in jobs available in the national economy. Doak v. Heckler, 790 F.2d 26, 28 (3d Cir. 1986). V. DISC U SSIO N Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to account adequately for the severity of his physical limitations resulting from a left shoulder injury and carpal tunnel syndrome, and the psychological limitations stemming from depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. (Id.). Defendant responds that the ALJ's determination was supported by substantial evidence; the ALJ assessed the credibility of Plaintiff's subjective complaints, and adequately discussed and relied upon the findings of medical professionals' conclusions in the record. (Docket No. 12 at 9 - 13). A. Treatment Notes and Physicians' Opinions 21

Plaintiff's first objection to the ALJ's decision is that the ALJ failed to consider properly the opinions of Plaintiff's treating physicians and other medical personnel respecting Plaintiff's physical and psychological limitations. (Docket No. 8 at 3 - 9). Had the ALJ properly considered the entire record, Plaintiff asserts he would be entitled to DIB. (Id.). Defendant counters that the ALJ relied upon, and gave the greatest weight to, the opinions and findings of actual physicians and other medical personnel who were entitled to some degree of deference when making limitations findings. (Docket No. 12 at 10 - 14). Defendant asserts that Plaintiff would rather the ALJ have favored the opinions of medical personnel who were not "acceptable medical source[s]" under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513. (Id.). Instead, the ALJ accounted for and properly relied upon the opinions of acceptable medical sources when rendering his decision. (Id.). Further, Defendant claims that Plaintiff has not demonstrated how the ALJ's RFC assessment failed to accommodate Plaintiff's medically determinable limitations, and also did not provide examples of objective medical evidence sufficient to contradict the findings of the physicians upon which the ALJ relied. (Id.). "A cardinal principle guiding disability eligibility determinations is that the ALJ accord treating physicians' reports great weight, especially `when their opinions reflect expert judgment based on a continuing observation of the patient's condition over a prolonged period of time.'" Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d 310, 317 (3d Cir. 2000) (quoting Plummer v. Apfel, 186 F.3d 422, 429 (3d Cir. 1999)); see also Brownawell v. Commissioner of Social Security, 554 F.3d 352, 355 (3d Cir. 2008); Rocco v. Heckler 826 F.2d 1348, 1350 (3d Cir. 1987); Allen v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 37, 41 (3d Cir. 1989); Podedworney v. Harris, 745 F.2d 210, 217-18 (3d Cir. 1984). And reports from consulting physicians who have examined the claimant and rendered assessments on conditions within their respective area of expertise are to be given appropriate evidentiary weight, which will vary based on the circumstance and the other medical evidence presented. Gordils v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 921 F.3d 327, 328 (1st Cir. 1990) (citing Rodriguez v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 647 F.2d 218, 223 (1st Cir. 1981) (weight to be afforded a consulting/examining physician's report "will vary with the circumstances, including the nature of the illness and the information provided the expert."). For example, 22

where the consulting/examining physician's report constitutes the only probative medical evidence on the condition in question, it may be entitled to great or even controlling weight. See Reid v. Chater, 71 F.3d 372, 374 (10th Cir. 1995) (examining physician's report accorded significant weight where it was the only medical assessment on point and corroborated by other evidence). Similarly, examining physician's reports that rest on objective clinical test results may be entitled to significant or controlling weight. See Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989). While it is not expected that the ALJ's explanation match the rigor of the "medical or scientific analysis" a medical professional might provide in justifying his or her decisions, when rejecting a treating physician's findings or according such findings less weight, the ALJ must be as "comprehensive and analytical as feasible," and provide the factual foundation for his decision and the specific findings that were rejected. Cotter, 642 F.2d at 705. The explanation should allow a reviewing court the ability to determine if "significant probative evidence was not credited or simply ignored." Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 42. While the explanation need not reference every relevant treatment note in a voluminous medical record, the ALJ, as the factfinder, should consider and evaluate the medical evidence thoroughly. Id. In doing so the ALJ "cannot reject evidence for no reason or for the wrong reason." Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d 310, 317 (3d Cir. 2000) (citing Mason v. Shalala, 994 F.2d 1058, 1066 (3d Cir. 1993)). Nor can he "substitute his lay opinion for the medical opinion of experts," or engage in "pure speculation" unsupported by the record. Id. at 318-19; Daring v. Heckler, 727 F.2d 64, 70 (3d Cir. 1984). The ALJ concluded that objective testing of Plaintiff's physical ailments revealed his ability to do at least light work not requiring overhead reaching or lifting with his left arm. (R. at 16). The ALJ first looked to the results of diagnostic testing: on January 19, 2006, x-rays of Plaintiff's left shoulder were normal; in October of 2006, imaging of the left shoulder showed possible injury or degeneration of the joint, but the findings were largely unremarkable; nerve conduction studies of Plaintiff's arms for carpal tunnel syndrome on January 29, 2007 showed only minimal affliction; lumbar spine imaging in February of 2007 showed only minor abnormality; and, an MRI of Plaintiff's brain in June of 2007 had normal results. (R. at 16). 23

Also, occupational therapy records from May of 2007 showed Plaintiff's upper extremities were within functional limits. (R. at 16). The examination undertaken in conjunction with the physiatric evaluation conducted by Dr. Costa affirmed the findings revealed by diagnostic testing. Dr. Costa found some abnormality in Plaintiff's left shoulder and cervical spine, but noted that he had very good musculature of his upper extremities, and his upper extremities were otherwise intact, with the exception of some pain and weakness in the left shoulder. (R. at 16). State agency physician Dr. Van Tran also indicated that Plaintiff's medical record showed the ability to perform a full range of light work. (R. at 16). The ALJ also noted Plaintiff's own report of daily activities which include independence in personal care and grooming, the ability to drive, the ability to ride a tractor and tend to a farm, and the ability to help his wife with grocery shopping. (R. at 16). The ALJ concluded that while Plaintiff had medically determinable shoulder and carpal tunnel impairments, the evidence of record showed these conditions were not so severe as to preclude Plaintiff from light work. (R. at 17). The applicable standard requires the ALJ to support his findings with substantial evidence for his determination to be conclusive. Ventura, 55 F.3d at 901; 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Richardson, 402 U.S. at 390. In his decision, the ALJ relied upon objective findings by medical sources and diagnostic medical testing, analyzed the significance of the evidence, and provided a sound factual foundation for his decision. Cotter, 642 F.2d at 705. Moreover, Plaintiff has not shown how the ALJ failed to accommodate his physical limitations, or failed to cite contradictory evidence that would support his contention that his physical limitations prevented him from working. As such, the ALJ's determination with respect to Plaintiff's physical limitations is supported by substantial evidence. With respect to Plaintiff's psychological limitations, the ALJ relied almost exclusively on the report from the consultative evaluation conducted by Dr. Schwabenbauer. (R. at 13 - 15). The ALJ observed that based on neuropsychological testing, Dr. Schwabenbaur indicated that plaintiff did not exhibit significant cognitive dysfunction. (R. at 15). Dr. Schwabenbaur opined that Plaintiff's intelligence was average, his memory was above average, and his language, 24

perception, and attention were fairly well-preserved. (R. at 15). Dr. Schwabenbauer found no signs of traumatic brain injury, and Plaintiff showed no slowness in processing speed. (R. at 15). The ALJ indicated that Dr. Schwabenbauer noted that Plaintiff presented with significant complaints of depression and anxiety consistent with PTSD but that Plaintiff was responding well to his medication regime. (R. at 15). The ALJ further observed that Plaintiff's mental state could vary widely in response to environmental stressors, with plaintiff often becoming angry or argumentative. (R. at 13 - 15). The ALJ nevertheless found that Plaintiff was able to function independently, and his treating sources generally noted his ability to communicate and act appropriately. (R. at 13). Even when Plaintiff voluntarily ceased taking his medications, his treating sources noted that at times he was alert, euthymic, had a wide range of affect, thought logically, and was relaxed, open, and appropriate. (R. at 15 - 16). Thus, the ALJ reasoned that limiting Plaintiff to light work involving simple, repetitive tasks, routine work processes and settings, without the need for teamwork, no more than incidental interaction with the public, no high stress, no quotas, and no close attention to quality production standards, was sufficient to account for Plaintiff's psychological limitations. (R. at 14). Plaintiff highlights a list of records that the ALJ did not explicitly analyze in his decision, and argues that based upon the failure to discuss these records - including the opinions of treating medical professionals and Plaintiff's GAF scores - the ALJ's determination was not supported by substantial evidence. (Docket No. 8 at 3 - 10). Plaintiff notes the details of one of these records the RFC assessment completed by Ms. Watt - as exemplifying why the medical record does not support the ALJ's determination. (Id.). Defendant argues that Ms. Watt, a nurse practitioner, is not an "acceptable medical source" under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(a), and her limitation findings are not entitled to controlling weight. (Docket No. 12 at 14). A medical source's opinion is necessary for an ALJ to determine medical impairments. 20 C.F.R.§ 404.1513(a). "Acceptable medical sources" are limited to licensed physicians, licensed or certified psychologists, licensed optometrists, licensed podiatrists, and qualified speech-language pathologists. Id. Opinions and assessments from "other sources" may be used 25

to provide additional evidence about the symptoms, diagnoses, and prognoses of any impairments identified by acceptable medical sources. 20 C.F.R.§ 404.1513(d) ("Other sources" that may be used to show the severity of impairments include "nurse practitioners, physicians' assistants, neuropaths, chiropractors, audiologists, and therapists . . ."). Such sources may not be used to establish the existence of an impairment. See Dougherty v. Astrue, 2010 WL 2075875 at 2 (3d Cir. 2010) (chiropractor's decision "should not be given `controlling weight' because . . . the opinion of a chiropractor is not an `acceptable medical source' capable of establishing a determinable impairment"). Moreover, the Administration has promulgated Social Security Ruling 06-03p to better accommodate the way health care is administered and managed today. As another member of this court recently noted: Social Security regulations state that evidence of a claimant's impairment may be provided by "other" medical sources, including, among others, licensed clinical social workers and therapists. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d). In the past, this evidence was given little weight compared to that provided by "acceptable medical sources." However, Social Security Ruling 06-03p, "Considering Opinions and Other Evidence from Sources Who Are Not `Acceptable Medical Sources' in Disability Claims; Considering Decisions on Disability by Other Governmental and Non-governmental Agencies," reflects recent changes in how medical care is provided in this country. That is, managed health care and the emphasis on containing medical costs has resulted in medical sources such as nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and licensed clinical social workers assuming a greater percentage of the treatment and evaluation functions previously handled by physicians and psychologists. The opinions of these medical sources, although not technically "acceptable medical sources" under Social Security rules, are to be evaluated on key issues such as impairment severity and functional effects, although their opinions cannot establish the existence of a medically determinable impairment. The weight given to such evidence will vary according to the particular facts of the case, the source of the opinion, including that source's qualifications, the issue(s) that the opinion is about, and many other factors. Furthermore, the opinions are to be evaluated using the same factors as those used in weighing the opinions of acceptable medical sources, e.g., how long the source has known and how frequently he has seen the individual; how consistent the opinion is with other evidence; the degree to which the source presents relevant evidence to support an opinion; how well he explains his opinion; whether he has a specialty or area of expertise related to the individual's impairment(s); and any other factors that tend to support or refute the opinion. Finally, the ALJ's discussion of these opinions should include information about the weight given to them so subsequent reviewers may understand the ALJ's reasoning, particularly when those opinions may have an effect on the outcome of the case. Smith v. Astrue, 2008 WL 4853757, * 7 n. 16 (W.D. Pa. November 6, 2008).

26

Against the above backdrop, it is clear that Dr. Schwabenbaur's report cannot carry the weight the ALJ assigned to it. It was based on a one-time neuropsychological consult that was designed to assess Plaintiff's cognitive and behavioral functioning. It did not speak to the other numerous aspects of the record highlighting the ramifications from plaintiff's poor emotional health that suggest or imply that plaintiff is disabled from the limitations produced