DURHAM v. VARANO, et al
Filing
88
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER re 83 MOTION for Rule 60(b) Relief re 73 Memorandum Opinion & Order, filed by GEORGE M. DURHAM dismissing motion and denying a certificate of appealability as a successive petition. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert C. Mitchell on 07/05/2016. (Mitchell, Robert)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
GEORGE M. DURHAM, HN-4374,
Petitioner,
v.
DAVID A. VARANO, et al.,
Respondents.
)
)
)
) 2:11-cv-719
)
)
)
MEMORANDUM and ORDER
Presently before the Court for disposition is a pro se Rule 60(b) motion filed by the
petitioner (ECF No.83). For the reasons set forth below, the motion will be dismissed as a
successive petition filed without leave from the Court of Appeals, and because reasonable jurists
could not conclude that a basis for appeal exists, a certificate of appealability will be denied.
George M. Durham has presented a pro se Rule 60(b) motion. Durham originally filed a
petition for a writ of habeas corpus on June 2, 2011 (ECF No. 2). He simultaneous moved for his
petition to be held in abeyance so that he could exhaust his state court remedies. On March 9,
2015 he moved to reopen the proceedings and on March 12, 2015 he submitted an amended 112
page petition (ECF No.47). On August 24, 2015 we filed a Memorandum and Order dismissing
the petition on its merits and denying a certificate of appealability (ECF No.73). On May 5, 2016
the Court of Appeals denied a certificate of appealability (ECF No.82) and on June 27, 2016 the
instant motion was filed.
Durham is presently serving a life sentence imposed following his conviction by a jury of
first degree murder at No. 1860 of 2007 in the Court of Common of Beaver County,
Pennsylvania. This sentence was imposed on March 14, 2008.1
An appeal was filed in the Superior Court in which the issues presented were:
I.
II.
III.
1
Did the trial court err in denying Appellant's request for a jury charge on
voluntary manslaughter?
Did the trial court's reference to Appellant as a "criminal" in the presence
of the jury, warrant a new trial?
Did the Commonwealth make inappropriate remarks to the jury tainting
the jury's judgment as to Appellant's burden of proof?
See: Petition at ¶¶ 1-6.
IV.
V.
VI.
Was Appellant denied the opportunity to fully cross-examine a witness,
Crystal Brown?
Was the evidence sufficient to support Appellant's conviction for murder
in the first degree?
Was the verdict against the weight of the evidence presented at trial?2
On April 21, 2010, the judgment of sentence was affirmed.3
Durham filed a post-conviction petition on September 7, 2010 which was supplemented
by counsel. Following a hearing the petition was dismissed on January 14, 2013.4 An appeal was
filed in which the issues presented were:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Whether prior legal trial counsel was ineffective in all aspects related to an
alibi defense, i.e., in failing to properly prepare for, effectively argue in
closing, and simply request an instruction on an alibi defense?
Whether prior legal trial counsel was ineffective in failing to properly
correct or otherwise impeach the false trial testimony of Irwin Smith
regarding his claimed first observance of defendant on the day of the
decedent's death?
Whether prior legal trial counsel was ineffective in failing to properly
protect defendant from improper cross-examination by forcing him to
comment on the veracity of every other witness in the case?
Whether prior legal trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to and
request a curative instruction on improper victim impact evidence?
Whether prior legal trial counsel was ineffective in failing to request the
trial court to properly and adequately charge the jury and/or failing to
object to the trial court improperly and inadequately charging the jury
regarding several topics?
Whether prior legal counsel was ineffective in failing to challenge the jury
being permitted to be in possession of … all expert reports admitted into
evidence during deliberations?
Whether prior legal trial counsel was ineffective in failing to request a
mistrial and new jury pool and/or object to the inadequacy of the curative
instruction after the court referred to defendant as a criminal?
Whether the individual and cumulative prejudice caused by the ineffective
(in)actions of prior legal trial counsel compromised the fairness and
integrity of the trial warranting a new trial?5
On May 9, 2014 the denial of post-conviction relief was affirmed,6 and allowance of appeal was
denied on January 21, 2015.7
2
See: ECF No.68 at pp.12-13.
See: ECF No.68 at p.1.
4
See: ECF No.69 at p.7.
5
Id. at pp.7-8 (citing to petitioner's brief on appeal).
6
Id. at p.1.
3
2
The original habeas petition was filed in this Court on June 2, 2011. Petitioner then
requested that proceedings be stayed pending exhaustion of his state court remedies (ECF No. 3).
At petitioner's request the proceedings were reopened on March 11, 2015, and on March 12,
2015 Durham filed an amended petition (ECF 47). Finally, on June 30, 2015, an answer was
filed (ECF No.59).8 The amended petition9 contains twenty alleged grounds for relief, however,
on July 27, 2015 Durham graciously moved to withdraw grounds fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen and eighteen "because Petitioner does not want to waste this Court's and the Superior
Court's time with issues that after further review have no real substance."10 On August 17, 2015
Durham filed a traverse consisting of 82 pages plus attached exhibits (ECF No.71).
Thus, the remaining issues were:
1. A violation of petitioner's right to due process and equal protection against
double jeopardy arising out of the seizure of his car.
2. Improper jury instructions.
3. Ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to request an instruction on the
alibi defense.
4. Same issue.
5. Ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failing to impeach the "perjured"
testimony of Commonwealth witness Irwin Smith.
6. Ineffective assistance of trial counsel to properly prepare an alibi defense.
7. Ineffective assistance of trial counsel in permitting the petitioner to be
extensively cross-examined about the credibility of Commonwealth witnesses.
8. Ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to request jury instructions on
confession or admissions, evidence of other offenses, alibi evidence, absence
of motive, consciousness of guilt resulting from petitioner's cooperation with
the police, witnesses use of drugs and/or alcohol and the number of witnesses.
9. Ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failing to object to permitting the
jury to review the experts' evidence exhibits during deliberation.
10. Ineffective assistance of counsel for permitting Commonwealth witness Irwin
Smith to testify about his first encounter with the petitioner on the day of the
crime.
7
See: https://ujsportal.pacourts.us at Beaver County Criminal Docket CP-04-CR-1860-2007 at p.30.
The respondent is reminded that there are very specific requirements for an answer set forth in 28 U.S.C. §2254.
In addition, the respondent is reminded that any matter which is deemed necessary for consideration by the Court
must be made a part of the official record and not left for the Court to discover. We take issue with the fact that the
response does not in any way assist the Court; is totally devoid of any record supports for the positions taken and is
equally lacking is case law support for the arguments made. Where, as here, the petition is essentially unintelligible
due to its rambling and disconnected nature, and the response does not provide any assistance to the Court, the entire
burden of reviewing the petition falls on the Court without any assistance from the parties.
9
The instant amended petition is112 pages long, and as observed by the Superior Court in its April 21, 2010
Memorandum (ECF No.68 at p.1), "this appeal is affected by the complex procedural history, to which Appellant's
pro se filing have contributed undue confusion."
10
See: ECF No.65. The request was granted on August 6, 2015 (ECF No.66).
8
3
11. Ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to object or move for a mistrial
when Commonwealth witness Crystal Brown continued in her presentation of
unsolicited prejudicial testimony.
12. Ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failing to object to the court's
description of petitioner as a "criminal defendant" to the original jury pool.
13. Ineffective assistance of trial counsel resulting from his failure to object to the
jury instruction on flight permitting a consideration of consciousness of guilt
when there was no evidence indicating flight…
19. Ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to object to victim impact
testimony.
20. Cumulative effect of the ineffective assistance of counsel.
The background to this prosecution is set forth in the Superior Court's May 9, 2014
Memorandum (ECF No.69 pp.1-3):
Appellant was charged with the murder of his then girlfriend, Mary Ann Brown.
Appellant pled not guilty and was tried in a jury trial.
[The following facts were adduced at trial.] On the afternoon of August 17, 2007,
the victim, Mary Ann Brown, Mr. Irwin Smith, and Mr. James Little John were
building a swimming pool deck at a home on Second Avenue in Aliquippa,
Pennsylvania. Later in the evening, Mr. Smith returned to the job site to clean up
and then proceeded to a nearby friend's house on First Avenue, where he sat on
the outdoor step. While seated on the step, Mr. Smith heard Appellant and the
victim arguing behind a row of hedges and outside of Mr. Smith's view. He
testified that he heard the victim say "Why did you stab me? You stabbed me,"
and saw Appellant's car drive away shortly thereafter. The following day the
victim's body, containing multiple stab wounds, was discovered on First Avenue.
Police officers apprehended Appellant on August 18, 2007 and charged him with
criminal homicide.
At trial, Wanita Hooks testified that on August 17, 2007, Appellant informed her
that he was looking for the victim, that he was angry with her, and that he was
going to hurt her when he found her. Later that day, Ms. Hooks encountered the
victim and warned her of Appellant's threats. She testified that later that night she
encountered Appellant again, at a friend's house, and that Appellant's hand was
injured and bleeding.
On August 19, 2007, police officers found Appellant's car in a parking lot outside
the Outkast bar, with blood on the door. The police officers also found a knife in
close proximity to the vehicle and bloody clothes in a nearby dumpster.
Annette West, an employee at the Outkast bar, testified that on the evening of
August 17, 2007, Appellant entered the bar wearing a shirt covered in blood and
socks, but no shoes or pants, and ordered a drink. She testified that his hand was
bleeding, that he told her that he had been "jumped," and requested that she call
4
his brother. When his brother arrived, Ms. West went outside and observed a pair
of jeans and tennis shoes beside Appellant's car.
Another witness, Roseann Johnson, testified that on the morning of August 18,
2017, she encountered Appellant at a friend's house and that his hand was
bleeding. When she asked Appellant what happened, he stated, "I think I killed
her," referring to Mary Ann Brown.
Dr. James Smith, a forensic pathologist who conducted an autopsy on the victim,
testified that the victim sustained a total of nineteen stab wounds, seven on her
chest, some [of] which pierced her lungs and exited from her back, as well as stab
wounds to her arm, face, and thighs. Mr. Timothy Gavel, a forensic scientist
additionally testified that the victim's shirt and a bloodstain on the street near the
body contained Appellant's DNA.
Appellant testified on his own behalf, and asserted that he was not the perpetrator.
He stated that prior to the victim's death he had decided to end his relationship
with her, and packed up her belongings and placed them in his car. On August 17,
2007, he encountered the victim on the street and stopped his car to inform her
that he had her clothes. She requested that he take her clothes to her daughter's
house nearby. But he refused and the victim became upset and walked away from
him. He followed her in his car for some distance, then exited his vehicle and
attempted to remove her bag of clothes from the car whereupon the victim cut him
on his hand. He pushed her, reentered his vehicle, and drove away. He testified
that he did not kill Mary Ann Brown.
On March 14, 2008 the jury impaneled in this case returned its verdict, finding
Appellant guilty of Murder in the First Degree. On April 23, 2008, the trial court
imposed sentence, as required by law…
Durham has now filed a Rule 60(b) motion for relief from the earlier judgment in this
case. Durham contends that fraud and mistake were injected in his original petition and as a
result he is entitled to relief. Specifically, he alleges:
1. Did Magistrate Judge Robert C. Mitchell, inject fraud or misrepresentation of
the facts in his Opinion denying petitioner's habeas corpus petition, without the
benefit of the State Court Record (Trial Transcripts and PCRA Hearing
transcripts) concerning his recitation of facts concerning petitioner's alibi
argument, and other issues, which influenced petitioner's appella[te] counsel in
his alibi argument in petitioner's application for [a] certificate of appealability in
the Third Circuit Court of Appeals within the meaning of Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 60(b)
§ (3) and (6)?
2. Did petitioner's appellate counsel, Mark Rubenstein, commit mistake,
inadver[t]ence, surprise or excusable neglect in his alibi argument to the
Third Circuit Court of Appeals in arguing that petitioner's trial counsel,
5
Attorney Stephen D. Colafella, failed to pursue an alibi defense when
petitioner had always argued in his pleadings in state and federal courts that
trial counsel did not forgo the alibi defense and that in fact trial counsel did
pursue the alibi defense during the trial but provided ineffective assistance
of counsel in his arguments at petitioner's trial, within the meaning of
Fed.R.Civ.Pro 60(b) (1) and (6)?
Clearly the issue of his alibi defense was raised as his third issue here and addressed in
our prior opinion wherein we concluded,
[D]uring his closing argument, defense counsel argued that despite its confusion,
the conflicting testimony demonstrated that the alleged animated exchange
between petition and victim occurred at the same time when the petitioner could
be placed in the Outkast bar. Defense counsel's strategic determination to cast
doubt on the testimony of Smith rather than argue an alibi defense and assume the
inherent risks of such a defense under the circumstances was not unreasonable
and does not demonstrate ineffective assistance. (ECF No. 73 at pp.8-9)(internal
reference and citation omitted).
That is, as a tactical decision counsel determined that it was less confusing to attempt to discredit
the witness rather than pursue a possible alibi. See: Rolan v. Vaughn, 445 F.3d 671 (3d
Cir.2006).
In United States v. Doe, 810 F.3d 132, 152 (3d Cir. 2015), the Court observed that
petitioner’s diligence is an “important factor” in differentiating a true 60(b) motion from a successive
habeas petition. In addition, to warrant relief from a judgment under Rule 60(b)(6), “extraordinary
circumstances” must be demonstrated. Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 526, 535 (2005). Finally, the
Court in Gonzalez held “that a Rule 60(b)(6) motion in a § 2254 case is not to be treated as a
successive habeas petition if it does not assert, or reassert, claims of error in the movant’s state
conviction.” Id. at 538. Here, petitioner seeks to reassert arguments previously raised in his postconviction petition as well as in his present motion. These issues are ineffective assistance of counsel
in not presenting an alibi defense, and a fraud on this court by not having the trial transcripts before
it.11
Rule 60(b) allows a party to seek relief from a final judgment, and request
reopening of his case, under a limited set of circumstances including fraud,
mistake, and newly discovered evidence.
***
Using Rule 60(b) to present new claims for relief from a state court's judgment of
conviction – even claims couched in the language of a true Rule 60(b) motion –
11
See: Footnote 8, supra.
6
circumvents AEDPA's requirement that a new claim be dismissed unless it relies
on either a new rule of constitutional law or newly discovered facts. § 2244(b)(2).
Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at pp, 529, 531.
Clearly the instant motion is an attempt to avoid the prohibitions on successive petitions
and is not a proper Rule 60(b) motion. For this reason, the motion will be denied and because
reasonable jurists could not conclude that a basis for appeal exists, a certificate of appealability
will be denied.
An appropriate Order will be entered.
Filed: July 5, 2016
s/ Robert C. Mitchell
United States Magistrate Judge
7
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