KENGERSKI v. THE ALLEGHENY COUNTY JAIL et al

Filing 186

ORDER. As discussed on the record at the 9/27/2022 final pretrial conference, the Court resolves the following objections to the parties' exhibits. (1) Objections to exhibit nos. 2, 17, 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, 21, and 22 are sustained. (2) As stated on the record, Plaintiff withdrew his objections to exhibit nos. 29, 30, 32, and 33, except that Plaintiff objects to the authenticity of exhibit no. 30. The Court overrules that objection subject to Defendants laying a foundation for its admissibil ity at trial. (3) The Court sustains Defendant's objection to exhibit no. 36. Plaintiff represented that Warden Harper was not aware of this report, and therefore the exhibit does not relate to what Warden Harper knew at the time of Mr. Kengersk i's termination or the process he undertook in reaching that decision. Daniels v. Sch. Dist. of Philadelphia, 776 F.3d 181, 196 (3d Cir. 2015). Accordingly, the report is not relevant and its probative value is substantially outweighed by the ri sk of unfair prejudice, waste, or confusion. Fed. R. Evid. 403. (4) The Court overrules Plaintiff's objection to exhibit no. 57 without prejudice and subject to Defendant's authenticating the exhibit at trial. (5) As to exhibit nos. 62 and 63, the parties are directed to confer regarding those exhibits as part of the deposition designation process, attempt to resolve any disputes, and raise any unresolved disputes with the Court prior to trial. (6) The Court affirms its decision to exc lude exhibit nos. 65 and 66, pursuant to the Court's Omnibus Order 176 concerning Defendant's motion in limine #5, primarily on the basis of Rule 403. (7) The Court overrules Defendant's objection to exhibit no. 67 without prejudice and subject to Plaintiff's laying a foundation for its admissibility. Signed by Judge J. Nicholas Ranjan on 9/27/2022. (pak)

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Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 1 of 22 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA JEFFREY KENGERSKI, Civil Action No. 17-1048 Plaintiff, v. Judge Nicholas Ranjan COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY, Defendant. JURY TRIAL DEMANDED JOINT EXHIBIT LIST Ex. No. P/D/Joi nt Exhibit Date Author Descript. 1 D 2002-05-06 Kengerski Acknowledgement of Receipt of AC Code of Accountability, Conduct, and Ethics 2 P 2003 2007 2013 Various Kengerski Supervisors; Latest is Capt. McGovern Kengerski’s performance evaluations going back to his time as a Part-Time C/O Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. Court’s Ruling ∆ AC-JK_000685 401, 403 – receipt of documents not relevant, potentially confusing without actual document Relevant to show π’s receipt and understanding of the COC and supports ∆’s legitimate nonretaliatory reasons for termination: - ∆ AC-JK_000051 000055, 60-65, 6869 Obj. 401, 403 2003 and 2007 Evaluations conducted under different administration; π was only a CO and sergeant at time of evaluations (not Captain) Records of P’s Objection is sustained. satisfactory job performance are relevant to his claims that defendant’s reasons for terminating him were pretextual Sustained pursuant to Court's Order on Plaintiff's motion in limine re acknowledgment sheets and corresponding brief. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 2 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. Court’s Ruling 3 Joint 2005-10-30 AC Record Kengerski Promotion: Part-Time to Full-Time C/O ∆ AC-JK_000097 4 D 2005-10-31 (undated) Kengerski Acknowledgement of Receipt of AC Handbook ∆ AC-JK_000657 401, 403 – receipt of documents not relevant, potentially confusing without actual document. Relevant to show π’s receipt and understanding of the handbook and supports ∆’s legitimate nonretaliatory reasons for termination: Sustained pursuant to Court's Order on Plaintiff's motion in limine re acknowledgment sheets and corresponding brief. 5 D 2005-10-31 Kengerski Acknowledgement of Receipt of AC Code of Accountability, Conduct, and Ethics ∆ AC-JK_000676 401, 403 – receipt of documents not relevant, potentially confusing without actual document. Relevant to show π’s receipt and understanding of the COC and supports ∆’s legitimate nonretaliatory reasons for termination: - Sustained pursuant to Court's Order on Plaintiff's motion in limine re acknowledgment sheets and corresponding brief. Page 2 of 22 Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 3 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. Court’s Ruling 6 D 2005-10-31 Kengerski Acknowledgement of Receipt of ADHR Policy and Report Procedure ∆ AC-JK_000677 401, 403 – receipt of documents not relevant, potentially confusing without actual document. Relevant to show π’s receipt and understanding of the Policy and supports ∆’s legitimate non-retaliatory reasons for termination: - Sustained pursuant to Court's Order on Plaintiff's motion in limine re acknowledgment sheets and corresponding brief. 7 D 2005-11-21 Kengerski Acknowledgement of Receipt of ADHR Policy and Report Procedure ∆ AC-JK_000066 401, 403 – receipt of documents not relevant, potentially confusing without actual document. Relevant to show π’s receipt and understanding of the Policy and supports ∆’s legitimate non-retaliatory reasons for termination: - Sustained pursuant to Court's Order on Plaintiff's motion in limine re acknowledgment sheets and corresponding brief. 8 Joint 2007-04-29 AC Record Kengerski Promotion: C/O to Sergeant ∆ AC-JK_000094 9 D 2008-01-01 AC Policy Allegheny County Employee Handbook ∆ AC-JK_000422 000470 10 Joint 2008-02-20 Ramon Rustin ACJ Code of Ethics Policy 124 ∆ AC-JK_000168 000178 Page 3 of 22 Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 4 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # 11 D 2008-06-23 Lance Bohn Verbal Warning to Kengerski for Failing to Report Incident ∆ AC-JK_000389 12 D 2012-01-12 AC Policy Allegheny County ADHR Policy ∆ AC-JK_000321000325 13 Joint 2013 (estimate) Robyn McCall Screenshots of messages sent from Maj. McCall to Kengerski ∆ AC-JK_001815001828 14 Joint 2014 AC Record ACJ Organizational Chart ∆ AC-JK_000040 15 Joint 2014-09-21 AC Record Kengerski Promotion: Sergeant to Captain ∆ AC-JK_000075 16 Joint 2014-12-14 AC Record McCall Promotion from Captain to Major ∆ AC-JK_002034 Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. 401, 403 – if Ex. 2 is deemed inadmissible. Page 4 of 22 Resp. Admiss. Relevant to show notice that π is aware of reporting procedure Court’s Ruling Resolved pursuant to Court's Order on Plaintiff's motion in limine regarding disciplinary action. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 5 of 22 Ex. No. 17 P/D Joint D Date 2015-03-13 Author Robyn McCall Description Bates # Email chain between McCall and Kengerski re Taser π 000353-000358 Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 401, 403 relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial. Relevant to show actual state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense 403 – This is cumulative. Propose just using 357-58 which includes the entire chain. 18 Joint 2015-03-15 AC Policy ACJ Policy #154, Code of Ethics/Conduct Required for ACJ Employees π 000482 000484 Page 5 of 22 Court’s Ruling Objection is sustained. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 6 of 22 Ex. No. 19A P/D Joint D Date 2015-03-15 Author Kengerski Description Report re Taser Incident Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. 401, 403 relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial π 000359 Page 6 of 22 Resp. Admiss. Court’s Ruling Relevant to show actual Objection is sustained. state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails and this incident in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 7 of 22 Ex. No. 19B P/D Joint D Date 2015-03-15 Author McCall Description Email Re Report on Inspection Assignment Bates # Obj. Auth. π 000360 Page 7 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 401, 403 relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Relevant to show actual state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails and this incident in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense Court’s Ruling Objection is sustained. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 8 of 22 Ex. No. 20A P/D Joint D Date 2015-04-01 Author Robyn McCall; Kengerski; Others Description Email Chain with McCall re Kengerski Office Assignment Bates # Obj. Auth. π 000363 Page 8 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 401,403relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Relevant to show actual state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails and this incident in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense Court’s Ruling Objection is sustained. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 9 of 22 Ex. No. 20B P/D Joint D Date 2015-04-01 Author Robyn McCall; Kengerski; Others Description Bates # Email Chain with McCall re: vacation scheduling π 000364-000366 Obj. Auth. Page 9 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 401,403relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Relevant to show actual state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails and this incident in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense Court’s Ruling Objection is sustained. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 10 of 22 Ex. No. 21 P/D Joint D Date 2015-04-22 Author Robyn McCall; Kengerski Description Email chain between Kengerski and McCall re scheduling access Bates # Obj. Auth. π 000367 Page 10 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 401,403relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Relevant to show actual state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails and this incident in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense Court’s Ruling Objection is sustained. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 11 of 22 Ex. No. 22 P/D Joint D Date 2015-04-25 Author Robyn McCall; Robert Bytner Description Email Chain between McCall and Bytner re Kengerski’s vacation changes Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. 801, 802 – hearsay π 000369-000370 401,403relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Page 11 of 22 Resp. Admiss. Court’s Ruling Objection is sustained. Relevant to show actual state of occurrences between McCall and π during time he is accusing her of “harassment” in his alleged protected report; π specifically refers to the emails and this incident in his alleged protected report that is central to this lawsuit and are part of defense; Non hearsay not being offered for the truth – the emails are specifically referred to and part of the alleged protected report π submitted Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 12 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # 23 Joint 2015-04-27 Orlando Harper Email to Kengerski req. a memo re. allegations against McCall π 000371 24 D 2015-04-27 Orlando Harper Email from Harper to Kengerski, Suzio, re printing screenshots π 000372 25 Joint 2015-04-29 Kengerski Memo to Warden Harper re. Major McCall π 000373 000374 26 Joint 2015-05-05 Robyn McCall McCall Email re overdue Buddy Days π 000377 27 Joint 2015-05-14 Orlando Harper Email between Harper and Kengerski re investigating filed complaint π 000378 28 Joint 2015-06-08 AC Record McCall Personnel Form π MSJ Ex. P9 29 D 2015-07-01 Simon Wainwright Notice of hearing to Kengerski re Buddy Days ∆ AC-JK_000386 Obj. Auth. Page 12 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 401, 403relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Relevant to establish ∆ legitimate nonretaliatory reasons for π five-day suspension and goes to causation Court’s Ruling Objection withdrawn by Plaintiff. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 13 of 22 Ex. No. 30 P/D Joint D Date 2015-07-01 Author AC Record Description Bates # Kengerski Buddy Day violations from personnel file ∆ AC-JK_000105000119 Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Foundation will be laid at trial 801 – hearsay. Author/prepar er is not identified. NO business record foundation laid. Even if business records, document contain handwriting from an unidentified individual who is not subject to cross examination. 401, 403. - not relevant. Documents are incomplete (pages are cut off). Page 13 of 22 Resp. Admiss. Business Record contained in π’s personnel file also offered for nonhearsay purpose of notice to County to support nonretaliatory business decision to suspend π for Buddy Day violation – goes to causation issue Court’s Ruling Objection withdrawn by Plaintiff except as to authenticity. That objection is overruled subject to Defendant's laying a foundation at trial. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 14 of 22 Ex. No. 32 P/D Joint P Date 2015-07-14 Author Kengerski Description Incident Report re. Sgt. Coulter Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Yes 801, 805 401, 403 π 000387 Self-serving statement document not produced by ∆; Hearsay within hearsay Best Evidence Rule – “post” was never produced 33 D 2015-07-14 Simon Wainwright Letter detailing Kengerski’s Buddy Day suspension ∆ AC-JK_000385 401, 403relevance – reserve objection pending proffer and/or proper foundation at trial Page 14 of 22 Resp. Admiss. Business record. Statements of wainwright and Bytner are statements of a party opponent. Admissible to rebut a charge of recent fabrication. Statements reported by Kengersi are Admissible to establish the effect him and the fact that the ACJ was aware of these incidents. Relevant to establish ∆ legitimate nonretaliatory reasons for π five-day suspension and goes to causation Court’s Ruling Objection withdrawn by Plaintiff. Objection withdrawn by Plaintiff. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 15 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # 34 D 2015-08-11 Orlando Harper Email from Harper reminding all of ADHR Policy π 000392 35 Joint 2015-08-17 Orlando Harper; Kengerski Email RE return to Sergeant π 000395 36 P 2015-08-18 Kengerski Incident Report re Officer Tucker – Kengerski to Bytner π 000396 39 Joint 2015-09-09 Unknown Anonymous Letter Obj. Auth. Yes; County has disputed the authentici ty of this document since the personnel board hearing; County does not have this record ∆ AC-JK_001123 Page 15 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Yes Hearsay 403; County was never in possession of this report and has disputed that it is a county record since the personnel board hearing; Self serving statement being used to establish truth Resp. Admiss. Business Record. Not being used to establish truth of contents, used to establish that P made the report. Court’s Ruling Sustained. The report is not relevant and its probative value is substantially outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice, waste, or confusion. Fed. R. Evid. 403. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 16 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 40 P 2015-09-09 Inspector William Palmer Investigator’s Report on Anonymous Letter ∆ AC-JK_001410001412 Rel 401, 403 Relevant to establish Harper’s knowledge of factions and likely retaliation against P. 41 P 2015-09-20 Kengerski Redacted e-mail from Plaintiff to Jail Personnel π MSJ Ex. P28 Obj, 801, 403 Not hearsay. Offered to show notice to jail administration. Relevant to show that jail administration was aware of P’s complaints. Confusing This is a blank email with only a subject line and no attachments or explanation 42 Joint 2015-10-08 AC Record PA 1000 Termination Report for Robert Bytner ∆ AC-JK_002028 Page 16 of 22 Court’s Ruling Report is admissible. Overrule Defendant's 401, 403 objections. Admissible. Statement is not hearsay if offered to show Plaintiff noticed recipients. Fed. R. Evid 801(c). Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 17 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # 43 D 2015-11-01 AC Record ACJ Captain Job Description ∆ AC-JK_000375000376 44 Joint 2015-11-20 Kengerski Incident Report re Officer Tucker – Kengerski to Administration ∆ AC-JK_000367 45 D 2015-11-20 Kengerski Acknowledgement of Receipt of ADHR Policy and Report Procedure ∆ AC-JK_000662 46 D 2015-11-20 AC Record Sexual Harassment Training Sign-in Sheet ∆ AC-JK_001405001406 47 D 2015-11-23 Orlando Harper Harper email to Nichole Nagle encl. Tucker sexual harassment complaint ∆ AC-JK_000421 48 Joint 2015-11-23 Alyssia Tucker Incident Report re Sergeant Brown ∆ AC-JK_000363 – 000364 49 Joint Undated; Incident occurred 2015-11-23 Jason Batykefer Incident Report re Tucker, Brown. ∆ AC-JK_000371 Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Yes, Date unknown. Cannot establish when job descriptio n was in effect. Will lay a foundation Page 17 of 22 Obj. Admiss. 401,403 Resp. Admiss. Relevant to show captain’s role within the jail; what is expected of the position; supports ∆ legitimate nonretaliatory justifications for termination Court’s Ruling Admissible. Overrule Plaintiff's 401, 403 objections. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 18 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # 50 Joint 2015-11-24 Alyssia Tucker Incident Report re Kengerski asking Tucker to say she spoke with Bytner ∆ AC-JK_000366 51 Joint 2015-11-24 Andrew Coulter Incident Report re Kengerski asking Brown, Tucker, to say they spoke with Bytner ∆ AC-JK_000365 52 Joint 2015-11-24 Michael Brown Incident Report re Kengerski asking Brown to not report conversation ∆ AC-JK_000370 53 Joint Assume P agrees to use redated 2015-11-30 Orlando Harper Termination Letter ∆ AC-JK_000915 54 D 2015-11-30 AC Record PA 1000 Termination Report of Kengerski ∆ AC-JK_000073 55 Joint 2015-12-08 Orlando Harper Post-Termination Hearing Memo ∆ AC-JK_000303 56 Joint 2015-12-14 Orlando Harper Harper email to Samuel Pastor req. footage ∆ AC-JK_001790 Obj. Auth. Page 18 of 22 Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. Court’s Ruling Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 19 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # 57 D various AC Record KRONOS timesheets ∆ AC-JK_001791001794 58 P 2016-01-12 Ct. Reporter Unemploy. Comp. Transcript 59 P 2016-03-14 Ct. Reporter 61 D 2019-01-23 Kengerski Obj. Auth. Yes Resp. Auth. Resp. Admiss. 801 – Hearsay – 401, 403 – relevance as to D’s additional pages. Business record being offered to show ∆ notice and what was relied on in legitimate nonretaliatory reasons for term π 000722-752 Obj. – Hearsay these should have been designated excerpts to be filed with pretrial statement Non-hearsay Statement of a party opponent. Relevant to show pretext. π Personnel Hearing Transcript π 000568-721 Obj. – Hearsay these should have been designated excerpts to be filed with pretrial statement Non-hearsay Statement of a party opponent. Relevant to show pretext. Plaintiff’s Responses to Defendant’s Interrogatories and Request for Production of Documents Unnumbered Page 19 of 22 Will lay foundation Obj. Admiss. Court’s Ruling Objection is overruled subject to Defendant's laying a foundation at trial. Overrule Defendant's objection. Admissible as statements of party opponent or for impeachment. Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1), (2). Overrule Defendant's objection. Admissible as statements of party opponent or for impeachment. Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1), (2). Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 20 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Resp. Admiss. 62 D 2019-02-07 Various Kengerski Deposition & exhibits A, C, E, I, J, L, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, z, CC, FF, GG, HH Various To the extent that D wants to use any of these exhibits, they should be listed separately so that P can object to their admissibility and/or relevance separately individually. These are exhibits that coordinate depo designations in pre-trial: it would only come in at time particular designation was read 63 D 2019-03-21 Ct. Reporter Video Deposition of Simon Wainwright & Exhibits 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14 Unnumbered To the extent that D wants to use any of these exhibits, they should be listed separately so that P can object to their admissibility and/or relevance individually. These are exhibits that coordinate depo designations in pre-trial: it would only come in at time particular designation was read 64 P 2018 2019 2020 2021 Kengerski P W-2’s π 000562-567 Page 20 of 22 Court’s Ruling Parties are to confer as part of deposition designation process and resolve disputes, or else raise disputes before trial. Parties are to confer as part of deposition designation process and resolve disputes, or else raise disputes before trial. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 21 of 22 Ex. No. P/D Joint Date Author Description Bates # Obj. Auth. Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. 65 P 2019-07-25 Unknown Carl Prine(?) Voicemail from Tribune Review Reporter π 000558 Yes Yes 401, 403 802; Hearsay of someone available; Not relevant; speculation – asking to infer leaking of information on behalf of D 66 P 2019-07-25 Heather McDonald Transcript of Voicemail from Tribune Review Reporter, π 000558 π MSJ Ex. P39a Yes Yes 401, 403 802; Hearsay of someone available; Not relevant; speculation – asking to infer leaking of information on behalf of D Page 21 of 22 Resp. Admiss. Relevant to show that information regarding P’s discipline was leaked to the press immediately after his termination. Court’s Ruling Resolved pursuant to the Court's Order on Defendant's motion in limine #5, primarily on basis of Rule 403. Resolved pursuant to the Court's Order on Defendant's motion in limine #5, primarily on basis of Rule 403. Case 2:17-cv-01048-NR Document 186 Filed 09/27/22 Page 22 of 22 Ex. No. 67 P/D Joint P Date 2022 Author AC Website Description List of County Pay Bates # None Obj. Auth. Yes Not produced/ requested in discovery Unknown if accurate Unfair surprise Resp. Auth. Obj. Admiss. Yes Hearsay; 403 P Has not produced comparative info. only produced w-2 info., and only from 2016-21. Difference between gross wages and w-2 information not reflected in this exhibit – P is not prejudiced already included comparator information in original pretrial Page 22 of 22 Resp. Admiss. I don’t understand the objection. Court’s Ruling Objection is overruled without prejudice.

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