Doyle v. South Carolina Democratic Party, The et al
Filing
217
ORDER AND OPINION RULING ON REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION adopting 205 Report and Recommendation, granting 192 Motion for Summary Judgment filed by William Bill Clyburn Signed by Chief Judge Margaret B Seymour on 8/28/2012. (asni, )
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA
COLUMBIA DIVISION
Brian “Ryan B” Doyle,
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Plaintiff,
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vs.
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State Representative William “Bill”
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Clyburn, individually and in his capacity
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as State Representative of the State
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of South Carolina,
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Defendant.
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____________________________________)
C.A. No. 3:10-203-MBS-KFM
ORDER AND OPINION
Brian “Ryan B” Doyle (“Plaintiff”) proceeding pro se, filed a complaint on January 27, 2010,
alleging several claims related to his involvement in Democratic Party politics in the State of South
Carolina. In accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(A) and Local Rule 73.02(B)(2)(e), D.S.C., the
action was referred to United States Magistrate Judge William M. Catoe and subsequently to
Magistrate Judge Kevin F. McDonald for review.
Background
In March 2008, Plaintiff was working as a talk show host at a local radio station in South
Carolina. At the time, Travis Johnson was running for a State Senate Seat for District 25. Plaintiff
announced to his listeners that he was supporting Johnson over a candidate who had been recruited
by members of the State Democratic Party, including State Representative William Clyburn
(“Defendant”). Plaintiff alleges that Defendant approached the radio station manager and Plaintiff’s
boss, Frank Neely (“Neely”), and indicated to him that he might lose valuable state contracts if
Plaintiff continued to support candidates who were running in opposition to the Democratic Party’s
recruits. Plaintiff alleges that Neely gave him an ultimatum of either supporting the Democratic
Party’s recruits or not talking about the issues at all on the air. Plaintiff allegedly refused the
ultimatum and was removed from the air and fired by Neely.
Plaintiff’s complaint contained various allegations, including RICO and § 1983 claims
against various individuals involved in the South Carolina Democratic Party. On March 1, 2010,
Defendants filed a joint motion to dismiss.1 On March 31, 2011, the court granted Defendants’
motion to dismiss as to all claims except Plaintiff’s 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim against Defendant.
On December 1, 2011, Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment. Defendant cited
to Neely’s affidavit, wherein Neely attested that he terminated Plaintiff because he had grown weary
of seven defamation law suits and an FCC investigation filed in 2007 occasioned by Plaintiff’s onair remarks. Neely stated the following in his affidavit:
In one of those cases, Sheriff Ronald Strength had won a judgment against me in a
defamation action, over things said by Doyle on the air, in the amount of $500,000
compensatory damages and $4 million punitive damages. In April 2008, I lost my
appeal of that judgment in the Court of Appeals of Georgia. In March 2008, radio
personality Austin Rhodes received a defamation judgment against my company and
Doyle for an amount in excess of one million dollars in Aiken County, South
Carolina. I could no longer tolerate Doyle’s conduct, its personal stress and financial
cost to me, and the deviation of my radio station from its Christian gospel mission.
. . .William Clyburn never pressured me to remove Doyle from the air or the station.
William Clyburn made no promises, nor threats, nor insinuations to me regarding
any contracts, nor about Mr. Doyle, nor about any political or financial matters.
William Clyburn had no involvement nor influence in my decision to terminate
Doyle’s services to the radio station.
(ECF No. 164-1).
1
As required by Roseboro v. Garrison, 528 F.2d 309 (4th Cir. 1975), the Magistrate Judge issued an
order on March 3, 2010 advising Plaintiff of the motion to dismiss, the dismissal procedures, and
the possible consequences if Plaintiff failed to respond adequately. Plaintiff filed a response in
opposition to Defendants’ motion to dismiss on March 8, 2010 and a supplemental response on
March 31, 2010.
2
On December 2, 2011, the Magistrate Judge filed an order pursuant to Roseboro v. Garrison,
528 F.2d 309 (4th Cir. 1975), advising Plaintiff of the consequences if he failed to adequately
respond to Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. On January 9, 2012, Plaintiff filed a
response in opposition. Plaintiff also submitted his own affidavit in support of his opposition to
summary judgment, wherein he stated:
I was then told by Frank [Neely] and asked by Frank, ‘Ryan B, why can't you
support this [sic] Clyburn thinks it's a great ideal [sic] and I want to keep my
relationship between him and his cousin and I have been told I would lose State
Contracts and I'm working on the James E. Clyburn Transportation Center at South
Carolina State,’ where Frank Neely had received a large contract. . . . Frank pleaded
with me to go to along with Anderson for the State Senate seat and to support the
curfew in light of him being in the good graces of both Bill and Jim Clyburn to
continue the[ir] support for his construction company to continue to receive state
contract [sic] (7 Star Construction Inc., and later 8 Star Construction Inc.)
(ECF No. 195-2).
On January 18, 2012, Defendant filed a reply brief. On March 19, 2012, the Magistrate
Judge filed a Report and Recommendation in which he recommended that Defendant’s motion for
summary judgment be granted for the reasons discussed below. On April 6, 2012, Plaintiff filed
objections and a motion for extension of time to file supplemental objections, which the court
granted. On May 8, 2012, Plaintiff filed supplemental objections. On May 9, 2012, Defendant filed
a reply to Plaintiff’s objections.
Discussion
Standard of Review
The Magistrate Judge makes only a recommendation to this court. The recommendation has
no presumptive weight. The responsibility for making a final determination remains with this court.
Mathews v. Weber, 423 U.S. 261, 270 (1976). The court is charged with making a de novo
determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to
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which an objection is made. The court may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the
findings or recommendations made by the Magistrate Judge. The court may also receive further
evidence or recommit the matter to the Magistrate Judge with instructions. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).
Summary judgment should be granted “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to
any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
A fact is “material” if proof of its existence or non-existence would affect the disposition of the case
under the applicable law. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248-49 (1986). A genuine
question of material fact exists where, after reviewing the record as a whole, the court finds that a
reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party. Newport News Holdings Corp. v.
Virtual City Vision, 650 F.3d 423, 434 (4th Cir. 2011).
Generally, an affidavit filed in opposition to summary judgment must present evidence in
substantially the same form as if the affiant were testifying in court. See King v. Marriott Int’l Inc.,
No. 9:05-1774-PMD, 2007 WL 951738, at *6 (D.S.C. March 27, 2007). Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)
specifically requires that affidavits used to oppose a motion be made on personal knowledge and set
out facts that would be admissible in evidence. See Williams v. Griffin, 952 F.2d 820, 823 (4th Cir.
1991). Thus, summary judgment affidavits cannot be conclusory or based upon hearsay. See Evans
v. Techs. Applications & Serv. Co., 80 F.3d 954, 962 (4th Cir. 1996).
Section 1983 provides that “[e]very person who, under color of any statute, ordinance,
regulation, custom, or usage, of any State . . . subjects . . . any citizen . . . to the deprivation of any
rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party
injured . . . .” 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In order to establish a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must prove
that the defendant deprived him of a right secured by the Constitution and that the defendant
deprived him of the right under color of state law. See Mentavlos v. Anderson, 249 F.3d 301, 310
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(4th Cir. 2001). Like the state-action requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment, the under-color-ofstate-law element of § 1983 excludes from its reach “merely private conduct, no matter how
discriminatory or wrongful.” See American Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Sullivan, 526 U.S. 40, 50 (1999).
Section 1983’s requirement that a defendant act under “color of law” is treated as the equivalent of
the “state action” requirement under the Fourteenth Amendment. See Haavistola v. Community Fire
Co. of Rising Sun, Inc., 6 F.3d 211, 215 (4th Cir. 1993).
In order to prevail in a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action for a First Amendment violation, Plaintiff
must also establish that 1) he engaged in speech that was protected; 2) Defendant engaged in
retaliatory action which adversely affected his constitutionally protected speech; and 3) a causal
relationship existed between his speech and Defendant’s retaliatory action. See Trulock v. Freeh,
275 F.3d 391, 404 (4th Cir. 2001) (citations omitted).
Analysis
The Magistrate Judge’s Findings
The Magistrate Judge found that Plaintiff failed to establish the elements of a § 1983 claim.
Specifically, the Magistrate Judge noted that Plaintiff had submitted no admissible evidence to
dispute Neely’s purported reason for terminating Plaintiff, that he had grown weary of the
defamation law suits occasioned by Plaintiff. Although Plaintiff had submitted his own affidavit
as evidence disputing Neely’s affidavit, the Magistrate Judge found that Plaintiff’s affidavit
contained inadmissible hearsay. See Fed. R. Evid. 801(c). The Magistrate Judge noted that Plaintiff
was given an opportunity to subpoena Neely for deposition, but he did not do so. The Magistrate
Judge found that the recitations in Plaintiff’s affidavit also did not constitute hearsay exceptions for
admissible prior statements by a witness or statements against interest.
Ultimately, the Magistrate Judge found that Plaintiff failed to present any admissible
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evidence demonstrating that Defendant, acting under the color of state law, coerced Neely to
terminate Plaintiff’s employment. As such, the Magistrate Judge found Plaintiff’s § 1983 claim
could not survive and recommended that Defendant’s motion for summary judgment be granted.
Plaintiff’s Objections
First, Plaintiff argues that the court should not give weight to Neely’s affidavit, arguing that
Defendant, who exercised coercive power over Neely in convincing him to terminate Plaintiff’s
employment, similarly could have coerced Neely in formulating his affidavit. Plaintiff’s objection
is without merit because it is speculative and based on unproven allegations.
Second, Plaintiff argues that Neely’s purported reasons for terminating Plaintiff are
pretextual because the defamation lawsuits that serve as the basis for termination were in existence
for some time prior to his termination. Plaintiff argues that the direct intervention by Defendant is
actually what prompted Plaintiff’s termination.2 Further, Plaintiff argues that his affidavit provides
sufficient evidence of state action by Defendant and that the Magistrate Judge erred in refusing to
consider the statements contained therein.
In this case, the only evidence of “state action” by Defendant is contained in Plaintiff’s
affidavit regarding Plaintiff’s conversation with Neely.
Admissibility of Plaintiff’s Affidavit
In his objections, Plaintiff appears to concede that his affidavit contains hearsay, but
contends that the content of the affidavit is admissible under hearsay exceptions, outlined in Fed.
R. Evid. 801 (d)(1)(B) and 804(b)(3).
2
Plaintiff’s objection regarding the merits of his First Amendment claim including the true
“causation” for his termination need not be considered at this point, because the court must first
determine whether Plaintiff presented sufficient evidence of state action as required under § 1983
action, before analyzing the merits of his First Amendment claim.
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Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1)(B) involves prior consistent statements by a witness, which is
inapplicable here. The court assumes that Plaintiff is referring to Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1)(A) which
permits the use of a prior statement containing hearsay, when the declarant testifies and is subject
to cross examination about the prior statement and the prior statement is inconsistent with the
declarant’s testimony and was given under penalty of perjury at a trial, hearing, or other proceeding
or in a deposition. The prior statements urged by Plaintiff, namely the statements made by Neely
in his conversation with Plaintiff, were not made under the penalty of perjury. Thus, Fed. R. Evid.
801(d)(1)(A) is an inapplicable hearsay exception.
Fed. R. Evid. 804(b)(3) provides a hearsay exception for a statement containing hearsay only
when the declarant is unavailable to testify as witness. Neely has not been unavailable to testify.
Plaintiff was ordered to provide the court with the scheduling information for the deposition of
Neely and was informed that the court would provide a deposition subpoena thereafter. Plaintiff
chose not to avail himself of that opportunity; however, it does not follow that Neely is therefore
an “unavailable witness.” Thus, Fed. R. Evid. 804(b)(3) is also an inapplicable hearsay exception.
Thus, having concluded that Plaintiff’s only evidence constituting “state action” by Defendant is
based on inadmissible hearsay for which there are no hearsay exceptions, the court finds that
Plaintiff failed to show sufficient evidence of state action to survive summary judgment.
Conclusion
After a thorough review of the Report and Recommendation, Plaintiff’s objections, the
record in its entirety, and the applicable law, the court adopts the Magistrate Judge’s Report and
Recommendation and incorporates it herein by reference. Defendant’s motion for summary
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judgment is granted.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/ Margaret B. Seymour
Chief United States District Judge
August 28, 2012
Columbia, South Carolina
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