Robinson v. Middleton et al

Filing 109

ORDER RULING ON REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION: The court ACCEPTS the Report of the Magistrate Judge (ECF No. 102 ). It is therefore ordered that Defendants Jones, Howell, Butter, Fields, Trusho, Simmons, Cooper, Joyner, Fripp, Mc Cants, Mauney, and Holcomb's Motion to Dismiss, or in the alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 72 ) and Defendant Middleton's Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 74 ) are GRANTED and this action (ECF No. 1 ) is DISMISSED. Signed by Honorable J Michelle Childs on 3/16/2015. (mcot, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA
ORANGEBURG DIVISION
Corey Jawan Robinson,

)
)
Plaintiff,
)
)
v.
)
)
Ofc. Jerome Middleton, Sgt. J. Jones, Ofc. )
Samuel Howell Ofc. Lasheka Butter, Ofc. )
Travis Adams, Nurse Brenda Fogel Fields, )
Cpl. C. Trusho, Sgt. Wilson Simmons,
)
Lt. Reginald Cooper, CCC T. Joyner,
)
CCC L. Fripp, CCC T. McCants, Luanne
)
Mauney, Elizabeth Holcomb,
)
)
Defendants.
)
____________________________________)

Civil Action No. 5:13-cv-02389-JMC

ORDER AND OPINION

Plaintiff Corey Jawan Robinson (“Plaintiff”) filed this pro se action pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
§ 1983. Plaintiff alleges “excessive force, medical indifference, gross negligence, assault and
battery, Eighth Amendment, conspiracy, retaliation, [and] Fourteenth Amendment harassment”
by Defendants Jerome Middleton, J. Jones, Samuel Howell, Lasheka Butter, Travis Adams,
Brenda Fogel Fields, C. Trusho, Wilson Simmons, Reginald Cooper, T. Joyner, L. Fripp, T.
McCants, Luanne Mauney, and Elizabeth Holcomb, (collectively “Defendants”). (ECF No. 1.)
This matter is before the court on Defendants Jones, Howell, Butter, Fields, Trusho, Simmons,
Cooper, Joyner, Fripp, McCants, Mauney, and Holcomb’s Motion to Dismiss, or in the
alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 72) and Defendant Middleton’s Motion for
Summary Judgment (ECF No. 74).
In accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b) and Local Rule 73.02, the matter was referred to
United States Magistrate Judge Kaymani D. West for pre-trial handling. On November 21, 2014,
the Magistrate Judge issued a Report and Recommendation (“Report”) recommending the court
1

grant both Motions and dismiss the case. (ECF No. 102.) This review considers Plaintiff’s
Objection to Report and Recommendation (“Objections”), filed December 1, 2014 (ECF No.
104), Defendant Middleton’s Response to Plaintiff’s Objections (“Response”), filed December
18, 2014 (ECF No. 106), and Plaintiff’s Reply Objection to the Report and Recommendation
(“Reply”), filed December 29, 2014 (ECF No. 107). For the reasons set forth herein, the court
ACCEPTS the Magistrate Judge’s Report. The court thereby GRANTS Defendants Jones,
Howell, Butter, Fields, Trusho, Simmons, Cooper, Joyner, Fripp, McCants, Mauney, and
Holcomb’s Motion to Dismiss, or in the alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No.
72) and Defendant Middleton’s Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 74) and dismisses this
action.
I. RELEVANT FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
The court concludes upon its own careful review of the record that the factual and
procedural summation in the Magistrate Judge’s Report is accurate, and the court adopts this
summary as its own. (See ECF No. 102.) The court will only recite herein facts pertinent to the
analysis of Plaintiff’s Objections, the Response, and the Reply.
Plaintiff is incarcerated at Lieber Correctional Institution (“LCI”), within the South
Carolina Department of Corrections (“SCDC”). (ECF No. 1 at 3.) Plaintiff alleges that on
January 31, 2013, he hit his head while in the crisis intervention unit at LCI, and never received
medical treatment for his head injury.

(Id. at 4.) Plaintiff further alleges that on February 5,

2013, Defendant Middleton, in retaliation for another lawsuit Plaintiff had pending against him,
was rude to Plaintiff and pulled at Plaintiff’s legs and kicked Plaintiff. (Id. at 6-7.)
Plaintiff filed his Complaint on September 4, 2013, seeking $10,000 in compensatory and
punitive damages from Defendant Middleton; $5,000 in compensatory and punitive damages

2

from Defendants Fields, Mauney, and Holcomb; $7,500 in compensatory and punitive damages
from Defendants Trusho, Cooper, Simmons, Fripp, McCants, and Holcomb; $2,500 against each
Defendant for conspiracy; attorney’s fees, costs and all debts owed to SCDC and the state and
federal courts. (Id. at 10.)
On May 6, 2014, Defendants Jones, Howell, Butter, Fields, Trusho, Simmons, Cooper,
Joyner, Fripp, McCants, Mauney, and Holcomb filed their Motion to Dismiss, or in the
alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 72) and Defendant Middleton filed his
Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 74). On November 21, 2014, the Magistrate Judge
issued the report recommending the court grant both Motions and dismiss the action. (ECF No.
102.) In the Report, the Magistrate Judge found that Plaintiff had only met the Prison Litigation
Reform Act requirement that he fully exhaust his administrative remedies prior to filing suit with
regard to Grievance LCI0348-13,1 which addressed “conspiracy, medical malpractice, gross
negligence, [and] deliberate indifferent [sic] to a serious medical need of a head injury.” (Id. at
6; see also ECF No. 72-1 at 5.) As such, the Magistrate Judge recommended the causes of action
of excessive force, assault and battery, retaliation, and harassment be dismissed for failure to
exhaust. (ECF No. 102 at 7.) The Magistrate Judge further recommended the court grant
summary judgment on Plaintiff’s medical indifference claim, as “the record demonstrates that
SCDC medical personnel regularly assessed Plaintiff and concluded he did not need outside
medical attention.” (Id. at 10.) In addition, the Magistrate Judge stated, “Plaintiff’s purported
cause of action for conspiracy must also fail as a matter of law because Plaintiff has failed to

1

In the Report, the Magistrate Judge stated that Grievance LCI0261-13 is the “exhausted
grievance.” (ECF No. 102 at 6.) However, as Defendant Middleton noted in the Response, this
may have been a typo, as the grievance to which the Magistrate Judge cites and from which she
quotes is LCI0348-13. (ECF No. 106; see ECF No. 72-1 at 5.) Thus, the “exhausted grievance”
shall be construed to be LCI0348-13.
3

demonstrate any deprivation of a constitutionally protected right.” (Id. at 11.) As the Magistrate
Judge found the Defendants performed their official duties in an objectively reasonable fashion
and that they did not violate any constitutional rights of Plaintiff, she found the Defendants are
entitled to qualified immunity. (Id. at 12.) Regarding Defendant Middleton, the Magistrate
Judge found he performed the discretionary functions of his official duties in an objectively
reasonable manner, as well, and therefore was also entitled to qualified immunity. (Id. at 13.)
Finally, the Magistrate Judge found that as Defendant Middleton is an agent or employee of the
State of South Carolina when acting in his official capacity, he is not a “person” within the
meaning of § 1983 and is thus entitled to immunity under the Eleventh Amendment. (Id. at 1314.)

The Magistrate Judge also recommended the court decline to exercise supplemental

jurisdiction over any state law claims. (Id. at 10.)
Plaintiff timely filed his Objections on December 1, 2014. (ECF No. 104.) Defendant
Middleton filed the Response on December 18, 2014 (ECF No. 106), followed by Plaintiff’s
Reply on December 29, 2014 (ECF No. 107).
II. LEGAL STANDARD AND ANALYSIS
The Magistrate Judge’s Report is made in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and
Local Civil Rule 73.02 for the District of South Carolina. The Magistrate Judge makes only a
recommendation to this court.

The recommendation has no presumptive weight.

The

responsibility to make a final determination remains with this court. See Matthews v. Weber, 423
U.S. 261, 270-71 (1976). This court is charged with making a de novo determination of those
portions of the Report to which specific objections are made, and the court may accept, reject, or
modify, in whole or in part, the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation, or recommit the matter
with instructions. See 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1).

4

Objections to a Report and Recommendation must specifically identify portions of the
Report and the basis for those objections. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b). “[I]n the absence of a timely
filed objection, a district court need not conduct a de novo review, but instead must ‘only satisfy
itself that there is no clear error on the face of the record in order to accept the
recommendation.’” Diamond v. Colonial Life & Acc. Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 310, 316 (4th Cir. 2005)
(quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 72 advisory committee’s note). Failure to timely file specific written
objections to a Report will result in a waiver of the right to appeal from an Order from the court
based upon the Report. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 155 (1985); Wright
v. Collins, 766 F.2d 841 (4th Cir. 1985); United States v. Schronce, 727 F.2d 91, 94 (4th Cir.
1984).

If the plaintiff fails to properly object because the objections lack the requisite

specificity, then de novo review by the court is not required.
As Plaintiff is a pro se litigant, the court is required to liberally construe his arguments.
Gordon v. Leeke, 574 F.2d 1147, 1151 (4th Cir. 1978). The court addresses those arguments
that, under the mandated liberal construction, it has reasonably found to state a claim. Barnett v.
Hargett, 174 F.3d 1128, 1133 (10th Cir. 1999).
A. First Motion to Dismiss
Plaintiff offers no objection to the portions of the Report discussing the allegations
against Defendants Jones, Howell, Butter, Fields, Trusho, Simmons, Cooper, Joyner, Fripp,
McCants, Mauney, and Holcomb or these Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss. Indeed, Plaintiff
specifies, he “makes an objection to report and recommendation only addressing the allegations
involving defendant Jerome Middleton for the use of excessive force, gross negligence, and
assault and battery.” (ECF No. 104 at 1.)

5

In the absence of objections to the Magistrate Judge’s Report, this court is not required to
provide an explanation for adopting the recommendation. See Camby v. Davis, 718 F.2d 198,
199 (4th Cir. 1983). Rather, “in the absence of a timely filed objection, a district court need not
conduct a de novo review, but instead must ‘only satisfy itself that there is no clear error on the
face of the record in order to accept the recommendation.’”

Diamond, 416 F.3d at 315.

Furthermore, failure to file specific written objections to the Report results in a party’s waiver of
the right to appeal from the judgment of the District Court based upon such recommendation. 28
U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Thomas, 474 U.S. 140; Wright, 766 F.2d 841; Schronce, 727 F.2d 91.
Therefore, after a thorough and careful review of the Report and the record, the court finds the
Report provides an accurate summary of the facts and law and adopts the Magistrate Judge’s
recommendation on these issues. Therefore, these Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss is granted,
and this action is dismissed as to these Defendants and as to all claims other than excessive force,
gross negligence, and assault and battery against Defendant Middleton.
B. Defendant Middleton’s Motion for Summary Judgment
Plaintiff first argues that he has, in fact, exhausted his administrative remedies with
regard to his claims against Defendant Middleton. (ECF No. 104 at 3.) Plaintiff attached to his
Objections copies of his Step 1 and Step 2 Grievance forms for Grievance No. LCI0262-13,
which show final responses from SCDC officials. (ECF No. 104-1.) Defendant Middleton
counters, however, that Plaintiff did not file his Step 2 Grievance prior to filing this suit, and
therefore did not fully exhaust his remedies before filing suit. (ECF No. 106 at 1-2.) Plaintiff
argues that because SCDC officials took longer than the policy-mandated time period to respond
to his grievance, he should not be punished for failing to file a Step 2 Grievance prior to filing
suit. (ECF No. 107 at 2.) Further, Plaintiff argues, this court found he had exhausted his

6

administrative remedies in a prior suit when his Step 2 Grievance was filed after he filed a
complaint. (Id. at 2-3.)
Indeed, this court declined to dismiss Plaintiff’s claims in that case for failure to exhaust.
See Robinson v. Marquart, Civil Action No. 5:13-cv-01899-JMC, ECF No. 42 at 6-7. However,
the court notes, the grievances at issue in that case were affected by a policy change, which
caused Plaintiff to have to resubmit his grievances multiple times to fully comply with the new
requirements. Marquart, ECF No. 42 at 6; see also ECF No. 35 at 2-4. The Magistrate Judge
had found there was no evidence Plaintiff had attempted to remedy the deficiencies in his
grievances under the new policy. Marquart, ECF No. 33 at 6. However, in his Objections,
Plaintiff could demonstrate he had made such an effort. See Marquart, ECF No. 35-1. In light
of the changing policy, the court was willing to give Plaintiff leeway in regard to the exhaustion
requirement. The court notes, too, that Plaintiff’s claim in that case was dismissed on other
grounds, and therefore the matter of proper exhaustion was a moot point. See Marquart, ECF
No. 42.
Case law in this district has found an inmate’s exhaustion requirement under the Prison
Litigation Reform Act can be satisfied if prison officials fail to respond to a grievance in a timely
manner. However, those cases represent instances in which the court “excused the exhaustion
requirement when it found that prison officials had appeared to be thwarting a plaintiff’s right to
bring a federal lawsuit by indefinitely delaying a final decision on a grievance.” Gilbert v.
Byars, 2014 WL 4063020, at *6 (D.S.C. August 14, 2014). Courts in this district have excused
the exhaustion requirement when a grievance remained unanswered a year and a half after filing,
Williams v. Loyd, 2010 WL 3609790, at *5 (D.S.C. Apr. 28, 2010) objections overruled, 2010
WL 3609512 (D.S.C. Sept. 13, 2010); five years elapsed before officials responded to a Step 1

7

Grievance, Ward v. Byars, 2013 WL 1403220, at *6 (D.S.C. Mar. 11, 2013) Report and
Recommendation adopted, 2013 WL 1404918 (D.S.C. Apr. 5, 2013); and a grievance was still
pending more than a year after filing, Mattress v. Taylor, 487 F. Supp. 2d 665, 671-72 (D.S.C.
2007).
Plaintiff’s Step 1 Grievance form for Grievance No. LCI0262-13 was marked “received”
on February 19, 2013. (ECF No. 104-1 at 1.) Plaintiff signed the Grievance signifying he had
received the warden’s response on December 18, 2013, 10 months later. (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff’s
Step 2 Grievance form is marked as “received” on December 19, 2013, and Plaintiff signed it
acknowledging a response on February 27, 2014, slightly more than two months later. (Id. at 4.)
Although SCDC officials took roughly a year from receipt of the Grievance to the final response
to the Step 2 Grievance, Plaintiff filed his Complaint seven months after filing his Step 1
Grievance. (See ECF No. 1.) Seven months is well within a period for grievance response time
that is considered acceptable in this district. See Gilbert, 2014 WL 4063020, at *7 (“This court
is aware of the numerous grievances and appeals filed each year by inmates with the SCDC.
This court cannot say that a period of time from five (5) to nine (9) months represents a period of
inordinate delay excusing the PLRA’s pre-filing requirement.”); Stroman v. Byars, 2013 WL
4524167, at *2 (D.S.C. August 26, 2013) (“This court cannot say that a period of time from
February through August represents a period of inordinate delay.”). As such, Plaintiff filed his
Complaint before affording the SCDC an acceptable amount of time to fully process a response.
Plaintiff, by his own admission, has filed several lawsuits. (See ECF No. 1 at 6, 8; ECF
No. 107 at 2.) At least two of these suits now have examined Plaintiff’s exhaustion requirement.
Plaintiff cannot claim going forward that he is unaware of this requirement, nor of the court’s
expectations when meeting it.

8

Plaintiff’s exhaustion requirement arguments are moot again in this case, however, as
Defendant Middleton is entitled to qualified immunity. A public official is entitled to summary
judgment under a defense of qualified immunity if either: (1) the facts, taken in the light most
favorable to the plaintiff, do not present the elements necessary to state a violation of a
constitutional right, or (2) the right was not clearly established, such that it would not have been
clear to a reasonable officer that his conduct was unlawful in the situation he confronted.
Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 231-32 (2009). The Magistrate Judge found that Defendant
Middleton “performed the discretionary functions of his respective official duties in an
objectively reasonable fashion” and “did not transgress any statutory or constitutional rights of
Plaintiff.” (ECF No. 102 at 13.) However, as the Magistrate Judge found Plaintiff had not
exhausted his administrative remedies in regard to the excessive force claim, she did not provide
a detailed discussion of the claim. (Id. at 7.)
When evaluating a claim for qualified immunity, the court must first determine whether
Plaintiff has alleged a deprivation of an actual constitutional right. Wilson v. Layne, 526 U.S.
603, 609 (1999) (citing Conn v. Gabbert, 526 U.S. 286, 290 (1999).). To prove a claim of
excessive force in violation of the Eighth Amendment, a plaintiff must satisfy the two-part test
outlined by the Fourth Circuit in Iko v. Shreve, 535 F.3d 225 (4th Cir. 2008). Under this
standard, a plaintiff must show “whether the prison official acted with a sufficiently culpable
state of mind (subjective component) and whether the deprivation suffered or injury inflicted on
the inmate was sufficiently serious (objective component).” Id. at 238 (quoting Williams v.
Benjamin, 77 F.3d 756, 761 (4th Cir.1996)). “All that is necessary is proof of more than de
minimis pain or injury.” Williams, 77 F.3d at 761.

9

Plaintiff fails first on the objective component. To show he suffered injury as a result of
the alleged actions of Defendant Middleton, Plaintiff’s Objections, in addition to simply
reiterating the claims made in his Complaint, refer the court multiple times to the medical
records Plaintiff attached to his Complaint. (ECF No. 104 at 5-6; see ECF No. 1-1 at 3-8.) The
records, however, do not show that he suffered any injury as a result of Defendant Middleton’s
actions, or that any injury he may have sustained rises above the de minimis level. In the medical
summary for the day of the alleged incident, the record states that Plaintiff claimed that as a
result of Defendant Middleton’s alleged actions, he was unable to feel his leg. (ECF No. 1-1 at
8.) The summary goes on to say, however, that Plaintiff was “unable to say which leg. After
awhile [sic] [Plaintiff] states the bent leg. Both legs are bent.” (Id.) The summary indicated “no
swelling, bruising, abrasions, or lacerations noted.” (Id.) Plaintiff went on to complain to
medical staff that he could not walk and that his legs were swelling. (Id.) The summary noted,
however, Plaintiff “was observed walking in cell. Again no swelling noted to either leg.” (Id.)
Thus, prison medical staff was unable to note any injury sustained by Plaintiff as a result of any
actions on February 5, 2013, on that day.
Plaintiff argues that “[b]oth plaintiff and this honorable court knows when an injury first
happens it takes a day or two before the swollening [sic] becomes noticable [sic].” (ECF No.
104 at 5.) The medical summary provided by Plaintiff, however, notes that on February 6, 2013,
“[n]o swelling noted to feet, ankles or legs” and that Plaintiff “was observed most of nite [sic]
ambulating in cell.” (ECF No. 1-1 at 7.) On February 7, 2013, the mental health clinic note
states that Plaintiff “says he hurt his foot and head in cell. He says his injuries both resulted
from an accident.” (Id. (emphasis added).) On February 9, 2013, Plaintiff again complained to
medical staff that he was suffering injury “from 2/5/13 when he states officers slammed him onto

10

the ground.” (Id. at 6.)

Medical personnel noted “lower leg, ankle, and foot moderately

swollen” but also noted Plaintiff “[s]tates unable to move well, but officers state he has been
walking on it” and “[t]here was no swelling in leg on 2/5 or 2/6.” (Id.)
Other than his unsupported conclusions that swelling takes a day or two to become
noticeable, Plaintiff can make no showing that he suffered any injury as a result of Defendant
Middleton’s alleged actions. No noticeable injury manifested itself until four days following the
incident. The lapse of four days from the alleged incident and Plaintiff’s own statement that his
leg injury was the result of an accident make any connection between this injury and any of
Defendant Middleton’s actions tenuous at best. Further, the injury Plaintiff cites as being the
result of Defendant Middleton’s alleged actions is de minimis.

The only injury noted in

Plaintiff’s medical records to his legs or feet did not progress beyond moderate swelling.
Plaintiff does note on his medical record that medical staff stated he may have suffered an ankle
sprain, however, this notation was made on February 21, 2013, 17 days after the alleged incident.
(ECF No. 1-1 at 4.) Plaintiff was noted to be walking around his cell immediately after the
incident, the day after, and on the day the swelling was first noted. In addition, although Plaintiff
complained of pain directly after the alleged incident, he could not specify the location of the
alleged pain. Thus, any injury Plaintiff suffered was not “sufficiently serious.”
“[T]he ‘core judicial inquiry’ regarding the subjective component of an excessive force
claim is ‘whether force was applied in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, or
maliciously and sadistically to cause harm.’”

Iko, 535 F.3d at 239 (quoting Hudson v.

McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 7 (1992). Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Middleton used force in
retaliation for a previous lawsuit Plaintiff had filed against him. (ECF No. 1 at 6.) Defendant
Middleton argues, however, that he was unaware at that time of any lawsuit filed against him.

11

(ECF No. 74-1 at 7.) Further, Defendant Middleton argues, “any use of force was precipitated
by Plaintiff’s refusal to return to his cell. … Plaintiff admits he refused to go back to his cell.”
(Id.) Plaintiff fails to present facts that Defendant Middleton was aware of any lawsuit against
him that would have motivated him to maliciously cause Plaintiff harm and Plaintiff does not
refute he refused to return to his cell. Instead, Plaintiff attempts to argue minor differences
among staff incident reports amount to material disputes of fact. (See ECF No. 104 at 7.)
Further, Plaintiff makes the unsupported assertion that he was “in full restraint at the time” of the
alleged incident and “could not have caused his [own] injuries.” (Id. at 8.) “Mere unsupported
speculation . . . is not enough to defeat a summary judgment motion.” Ennis v. Nat’l Ass’n of
Bus. & Educ. Radio, Inc., 53 F.3d 55, 62 (4th Cir. 1995).
Further, the medical records to which Plaintiff repeatedly cites contradict his own
assertions, refuting first his allegations that officers threw him to the ground (“[Plaintiff] resisted
officer, layed [sic] himself to the ground, then states officer thru [sic] him to the ground, stepped
on his leg.”), then noting he stated the injury was from an accident and not from a beating. (ECF
No. 1-1 at 7-8.) Although this court is to construe Plaintiff’s assertions in the light most
favorable to him, his own cited assertions fail to back up his claim.
As such, Plaintiff fails the subjective component, and cannot make a showing that
Defendant Middleton violated his Eighth Amendment right against the use of excessive force.
Therefore, because Plaintiff cannot allege a deprivation of a constitutional right, Defendant
Middleton is entitled to qualified immunity.
As Defendant notes, “Plaintiff [in his Objections] largely restates the factual allegations
he raised in his Complaint and in opposition to Summary Judgment. Plaintiff does not provide
any new facts or arguments to refute the recommended finding of qualified immunity.” The

12

court agrees.

As such, Plaintiff cannot present facts that show any force was applied

“maliciously and sadistically to cause harm” rather than a “good-faith effort to maintain or
restore discipline.”
Finally, the court declines to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over any state law claims.
III. CONCLUSION
Based on the aforementioned reasons and a thorough review of the Report of the
Magistrate Judge and the record in this case, the court ACCEPTS the Report of the Magistrate
Judge (ECF No. 102). It is therefore ordered that Defendants Jones, Howell, Butter, Fields,
Trusho, Simmons, Cooper, Joyner, Fripp, McCants, Mauney, and Holcomb’s Motion to Dismiss,
or in the alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 72) and Defendant Middleton’s
Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 74) are GRANTED and this action (ECF No. 1) is
DISMISSED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.

United States District Judge
March 16, 2015
Columbia, South Carolina

13