Racey v. USA

Filing 16

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER. Petitioner is entitled to an EVIDENTIARY HEARING. Consequently, an evidentiary hearing before the Honorable Pamela L. Reeves, United States District Judge, is SCHEDULED for September 30, 2019 at 10:00 a.m.< /u> in Courtroom 3C at the Howard H. Baker, Jr. United States Courthouse in Knoxville, Tennessee. Appointment of counsel is REFERRED to the Honorable H. Bruce Guyton, United States Magistrate Judge, to APPOINT counsel to represent Petitioner as s tated herein. In addition, it is ORDERED that the Bureau of Prisons relinquish custody of RaymondRacey, Reg. No. 47741-074, to the United States Marshal. The United States Marshal shall transport Petitioner from the McKean Federal Correctional Ins titution in Pennsylvania to Knoxville, Tennessee on or before September 30, 2019, in order for him to meet with his counsel and appear for this hearing. Thereafter, the United States Marshal shall return him to FCI McKean at the conclusion of the evidentiary hearing. Signed by District Judge Pamela L. Reeves on 4/22/19. (cc USM & FCI McKean)(ADA)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE

RAYMOND RACEY,
Petitioner,
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent.

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Case No.

3:16-cv-00619
REEVES

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Petitioner’s pro se motion to vacate, set aside, or correct
his sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 [Criminal Court File No. 527]. 1 The government filed
a response in opposition [Doc. 612] and Petitioner filed a reply [Doc. 613]. For the reasons
discussed herein, the Court finds that Petitioner is entitled to an evidentiary hearing.
I.

Background

On June 11, 2015, Petitioner entered a guilty plea to: Count One of the indictment charging
the Petitioner with conspiracy to distribute 50 grams or more of methamphetamine in violation of
21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A); Count Two of the indictment charging the defendant
with conspiracy to manufacture 50 grams or more of methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§§ 846 and 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A); and Count Four of the indictment charging the defendant with
knowingly and intentionally possessing equipment, chemicals, products, and materials used to

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All citations to the record are found on the criminal docket in Case No. 3:14-CR-00089-PLR-HBG-2.

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manufacture methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 843(a)(6), (d)(2). [Doc. 282, 288].
These pleas were not made pursuant to a plea agreement. [Doc. 384].
On October 15, 2015, the Court sentenced Petitioner to 240 months’ imprisonment
followed by 10 years of supervised release. [Doc. 427]. Petitioner did not file an appeal of his
conviction or sentence.
II.

Analysis

To obtain relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, a petitioner must demonstrate “(1) an error
of constitutional magnitude; (2) a sentence imposed outside the statutory limits; or (3) an error of
fact or law that was so fundamental as to render the entire proceeding invalid.” Short v. United
States, 471 F.3d 686, 691 (6th Cir. 2006) (quoting Mallett v. United States, 334 F.3d 491, 496–97
(6th Cir. 2003)). He “must clear a significantly higher hurdle than would exist on direct appeal”
and establish a “fundamental defect in the proceedings which necessarily results in a complete
miscarriage of justice or an egregious error violative of due process.” Fair v. United States, 157
F.3d 427, 430 (6th Cir. 1998).
Petitioner articulated four grounds of collateral challenge in his § 2255 motion: (1) that his
counsel was ineffective for failing to move to suppress evidence; (2) that his counsel was
ineffective during plea bargaining by failing to communicate a plea bargain counter offer with the
United States Attorney; (3) that counsel was ineffective for failing to file a direct appeal after
Petitioner requested that he do so on the day of sentencing; and, in an amended filing, (4) that
Amendment 794 to the United States Sentencing Guidelines provides a basis for a reduction in
sentence. [Docs. 527, 534]. However, Petitioner has conceded that the first and fourth arguments
are without merit and has withdrawn those claims, leaving the claims of ineffective assistance of

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counsel arising from failing to communicate during plea bargaining and failure to file a direct
appeal. [Doc. 613].
A.

Legal Standard
A petitioner alleging ineffective assistance of counsel must satisfy the two-part test set

forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1987). Huff v. United States, 734 F.3d 600,
606 (6th Cir. 2013) (applying the Strickland test to an ineffective assistance of counsel claim).
First, the petitioner must establish, by identifying specific acts or omissions, that counsel’s
performance was deficient and that counsel did not provide “reasonably effective assistance,”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, as measured by “prevailing professional norms.” Rompilla v. Beard,
545 U.S. 374, 380 (2005). Counsel is presumed to have provided effective assistance, and a
petitioner bears the burden of showing otherwise. Mason v. Mitchell, 320 F.3d 604, 616–17 (6th
Cir. 2003); see also Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 (a reviewing court “must indulge a strong
presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional
assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the presumption that . . . the challenged action
might be considered sound . . . strategy” (internal citation omitted)).
Second, a petitioner must demonstrate “a reasonable probability that, but for [counsel’s
acts or omissions], the result of the proceedings would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 694. “An error by counsel, even if professionally unreasonable, does not warrant setting aside
the judgment of a criminal proceeding if the error had no effect on the judgment.” Id. at 691; see
also Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 259, 285–86 (2000). If a petitioner fails to prove that he sustained
prejudice, the Court need not decide whether counsel’s performance was deficient. See United
States v. Hynes, 467 F.3d 951, 970 (6th Cir. 2006) (holding that alleged “flaws” in trial counsel’s

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representation did not warrant new trial where the claims, even if true, did not demonstrate that
the jury would have reached a different conclusion).
Further, the petitioner has the burden to establish that he is entitled to relief. See Bevil v.
United States, No. 2:06-CR-52, 2010 WL 3239276, at *3 (E.D. Tenn. Aug. 16, 2010) (recognizing
that “burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel is on the petitioner”); see also Douglas
v. United States, No. 2:05-cr-07, 2009 WL 2043882 at *3 (E.D. Tenn. July 2, 2009) (stating that
“[w]hen a defendant files a § 2255 motion, he must set forth facts which entitle him to relief”).
The Sixth Circuit has provided that unless the “record conclusively shows that the petitioner is
entitled to no relief,” an evidentiary hearing is “mandatory.” Pola v. United States, 778 F.3d 525,
532–33 (6th Cir. 2015).
B.

Claim of Ineffective Assistance of Counsel for Failure to File a Direct Appeal
In the Sixth Circuit, if “counsel . . . ignore[s] the defendant’s express instruction to file an

appeal,” that “amounts to a per se violation of the Sixth Amendment.” Campbell v. United States,
686 F.3d 353, 359 (6th Cir. 2012) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted)
(citation omitted); see also Ludwig v. United States, 162 F.3d 456, 459 (6th Cir. 1998) (finding
that a “failure to perfect a direct appeal when requested by the defendant violates the Sixth
Amendment without regard to the probability of success on appeal”). When counsel ignores
defendant’s express instruction to appeal, a petitioner is “entitled to relief under § 2255.”
Campbell, 686 F.3d at 359. A petitioner is entitled to such relief “regardless of the merits of [the
defendant’s] substantive claims.” Id. If a petitioner shows that “‘counsel’s constitutionally
deficient performance deprive[d him] of an appeal that he otherwise would have taken,’ courts are
to ‘presum[e] prejudice with no further showing from the defendant of the merits of his underlying

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claims.’” Garza v. Idaho, 139 S. Ct. 738, 742 (2019) (quoting Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S.
470, 484 (2000)).
Here, Petitioner claims that “Mr. Poole failed to file [a] direct appeal after defendant
requested counsel to the day of sentencing.” [Doc. 527]. Likewise, Petitioner contends that,
beyond disregarding express instructions to file a notice of appeal, counsel “never responded to
any of defend[a]nts request[s] con[c]erning direct appeal” and disregarded letters, emails, and
phone calls about the appeal. Id. Further, Petitioner asserts that counsel did not file an Anders
brief, pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744–45 (1967), showing that an appeal
would be frivolous. Id. The government argues that Petitioner’s assertion is contradictory; on one
hand, Petitioner claims that counsel failed to follow through with the requested appeal, yet, on the
other hand, claims that counsel “failed to consult with [Petitioner] when [counsel] should have
known his client might want to appeal” the sentence. [Doc. 612]. Consequently, the government
argues that this claim by Petitioner should be denied, but alternatively asserts that the Court could
conduct an evidentiary hearing.
By their nature, attorney-client communications are “purported occurrences outside the
courtroom and upon which the record could, therefore, cast no real light.” Machibroda v. United
States, 368 U.S. 487, 494–95 (1962); see also MacLloyd v. United States, 684 Fed. App’x 555,
561 (6th Cir. 2017). Consequently, the record cannot reveal whether Petitioner gave counsel an
express and timely request for a direct appeal of his sentence that counsel ignored or neglected. In
a similar action involving a plea agreement and a waiver of appeal rights, the Sixth Circuit
remanded the case to the district court to “conduct an evidentiary hearing to determine if [the
petitioner] in fact expressed the desire for an appeal as he now asserts.” Campbell, 686 F.3d at
360.

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Here, based on the record, the Court cannot conclusively determine that Petitioner is not
entitled to relief on the basis of counsel’s failure to file a direct appeal, as it lacks sufficient
evidence to determine whether counsel failed to file a notice of appeal on Petitioner’s behalf,
despite an express and timely request from Petitioner that such notice be filed. Mr. Poole may be
called upon by the Court to testify at a hearing, and his testimony may or may not create a factual
dispute.
As such, the Court finds that Petitioner is entitled to an evidentiary hearing limited solely
to the issue of whether Petitioner expressly and timely requested that counsel file a direct appeal
on his behalf. 2 See Pola, 778 F.3d at 532–33. The parties will be afforded an opportunity to
supplement the record with additional proof and other materials as provided in Rule 7 of the §
2255 Rules. Petitioner will be appointed counsel to represent him solely as to this issue.
III.

Conclusion

For the reasons discussed herein, Petitioner is entitled to an EVIDENTIARY HEARING.
Consequently, an evidentiary hearing before the Honorable Pamela L. Reeves, United States
District Judge, is SCHEDULED for September 30, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. in Courtroom 3C at the
Howard H. Baker, Jr. United States Courthouse in Knoxville, Tennessee. The evidentiary hearing
is limited to Petitioner’s claim in his § 2255 motion that counsel was ineffective for failing to file
a direct appeal of Petitioner’s sentence contrary to Petitioner’s direct, express request that counsel
do so.
It is hereby ORDERED that, pursuant to Rule 8(c) of the Rules Governing § 2255 Cases
in the United States District Courts, Petitioner shall be appointed counsel to represent him in this

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The Court need not assess the merits of Petitioner’s other claims for relief until the issues regarding the filing of his
direct appeal have been resolved.

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matter. Appointment of counsel is REFERRED to the Honorable H. Bruce Guyton, United
States Magistrate Judge, to APPOINT counsel to represent Petitioner as stated herein.
In addition, it is ORDERED that the Bureau of Prisons relinquish custody of Raymond
Racey, Reg. No. 47741-074, to the United States Marshal. The United States Marshal shall
transport Petitioner from the McKean Federal Correctional Institution in Pennsylvania to
Knoxville, Tennessee on or before September 30, 2019, in order for him to meet with his counsel
and appear for this hearing. Thereafter, the United States Marshal shall return him to FCI McKean
at the conclusion of the evidentiary hearing.
ENTER:

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CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
CHIEF
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