Paid Search Engine Tools, LLC v. Google, Inc. et al

Filing 1

COMPLAINT for Patent Infringement against Google, Inc., Microsoft Corporation ( Filing fee $ 350 receipt number 0540-3106483.), filed by Paid Search Engine Tools, LLC. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - 7,974,912 Patent, # 2 Civil Cover Sheet)(DeRieux, Elizabeth)

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United States Patent
Velez , et al.

of

1)

7,974,912
July 5, 2011

Paid search engine bid management
Abstract
A method and apparatus (information processing system) for overcoming deficiencies and inefficiencies
in the current paid search engine keyword bidding market, by providing keyword bidders with
information they need to better optimize their use of paid search engines. The system accumulates bid
amounts for a plurality of target keywords at one or more paid Internet search engines, and presents the
bid amounts to a user, enabling the user to evaluate and optimize bids on those keywords. The system
also presents bid amounts for a keyword at one or more paid Internet search engines, in a manner
highlighting one or more selected bid amounts of interest to a potential bidder. This permits a bidder to
identify the bidder's own bid, and/or to identify a differential in bid amounts that indicates an
opportunity for bid optimization. The system further monitors keyword bids at one or more paid Internet
search engines to identify bid changes of interest to a potential bidder.
Inventors: Velez; Juan C. (Los Angeles, CA), Murrer; Daren (Hamilton, OH)
Assignee: Paid Search Engine Tools LLC (Loveland, OH)
Appl. No.: 11/379,897
Filed:
April 24, 2006
Related U.S. Patent Documents
Application Number
10324802
PCT/US01/41263
60215976

Filing Date
Dec., 2002
Jul., 2001
Jul., 2000

Patent Number
7043450

Field of Search:

Issue Date

705/37 707/2

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Primary Examiner: Akintola; Olabode
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wood, Herron & Evans, LLP
Parent Case Text

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/324,802 filed Dec. 20, 2002, which is a
continuation of PCT Application Serial No. U.S. 01/41263 filed Jul. 5, 2001, which is a continuation of
U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/215,976, filed Jul. 5, 2000, all entitled "PAID SEARCH
ENGINE BID MANAGEMENT", which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A method that manages pay-per-click advertising, by determining an amount to be charged in
response to a click of a hyperlink associated with a target keyword, comprising accessing with a
computer processor, a particular amount a first advertiser is willing to be charged in response to a click
of a hyperlink associated with said first advertiser, accessing with a computer processor, a statistic of
relevance to said first advertiser and a statistic of relevance to a second advertiser, said statistics being
related to one or more of rate of use by users, number of times a hyperlink was viewed, data that relates
to an increase or decrease in the use of a keyword by users, demographics of users associated with a
keyword, or demographics of advertisers associated with a keyword, and without human intervention,
determining with a computer processor, an amount to be charged to said second advertiser in response to
a click of a hyperlink associated with said target keyword and said second advertiser, wherein said
amount to be charged to said second advertiser is determined using said particular amount, and is also
determined using said statistic of relevance to said first advertiser and said statistic of relevance to said
second advertiser.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one said statistic comprises a statistic on the rate of use of a
keyword.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one said statistic is related to a number of times a link to an
advertiser's web site is produced by a paid search engine over a period of time.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising accessing additional keywords related to the target
keyword.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing at least one said statistic for display on a single
display screen to a user.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising providing said amount for display on said single display
screen.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing said amount for display on a single display
screen to a user.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising sending at least one said statistic to a person responsible for
making decisions on the second advertiser's use of pay-per-click marketing.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said determining step is performed by a computer responsible for
making decisions on said second advertiser's use of pay-per-click marketing.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising sending said amount from said computer responsible for
making decisions.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising sending said amount to a computer responsible for
making decisions on said second advertiser's use of pay-per-click marketing.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said amount meets pre-identified requirements of said second
advertiser.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the amount includes the use of a minimum currency
amount.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying keywords that have been used in conjunction
with the keyword.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein one of said statistics comprises a statistic on the rate of use of a
keyword and the other of said statistics is related to a number of times a link to an advertiser's web site is
produced by the paid search engine over a period of time.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein said hyperlink associated with said first advertiser is ranked below
said hyperlink associated with said second advertiser.
17. A method that manages pay-per-click advertising, by determining an amount to be charged in
response to a click of a hyperlink associated with a target keyword, comprising accessing with a
computer processor, a particular amount a first advertiser is willing to be charged in response to a click
of a hyperlink associated with said first advertiser, accessing with a computer processor, first and second
different statistics related to one or more of a rate of use by users, number of times a hyperlink was
viewed, data that relates to an increase or decrease in the use of a keyword by users, demographics of
users associated with a keyword or demographics of advertisers associated with a keyword, and without
human intervention, determining with a computer processor, an amount to be charged to a second

advertiser in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with said target keyword and said second
advertiser, wherein said amount to be charged to said second advertiser is determined using said
particular amount, and is also determined using said first and second statistics.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the statistic on a rate of use comprises a statistic on rate of use of a
keyword.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the statistic on a rate of use is related to a number of times a link to
an advertiser's web site is produced by the paid search engine over a period of time.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein said amount meets pre-identified requirements of said second
advertiser.
21. The method of claim 17 further comprising providing at least one statistic for display on a single
display screen to a user.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising providing said amount for display on said single display
screen.
23. The method of claim 17 further comprising providing said amount for display on a single display
screen to a user.
24. The method of claim 17 further comprising sending at least one said statistic to a person responsible
for making decisions on said second advertiser's use of the pay-per-click search engine.
25. The method of claim 17 wherein said determining step is performed by a computer responsible for
making decisions on said second advertiser's use of the pay-per-click search engine.
26. The method of claim 25 further comprising sending said amount from said computer responsible for
making decisions.
27. The method of claim 17 further comprising sending said amount to a computer responsible for
making decisions on said second advertiser's use of the pay-per-click search engine.
28. The method of claim 17 further comprising determining a position of a hyperlink associated with an
advertiser-specified Internet address relative to other hyperlinks associated with the keyword.
29. The method of claim 17 wherein determining the amount includes the use of a minimum currency
amount.
30. The method of claim 17 further comprising identifying keywords related to the target keyword.
31. The method of claim 17 wherein said hyperlink associated with said first advertiser is ranked below
said hyperlink associated with said second advertiser. identifying keywords related to the target
keyword.
32. A computer system that manages pay-per-click advertising, by determining an amount to be charged
in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with a target keyword, comprising a memory, and
processing hardware configured to: access from memory a particular amount a first advertiser is willing
to be charged in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with said target keyword and associated
with said first advertiser, access from memory a statistic of relevance to said first advertiser and a

statistic of relevance to a second advertiser, said statistics being related to one or more of rate of user by
users, number of times a hyperlink was viewed, data that related to an increase or decrease in the use of
a keyword by users, demographics of users associated with a keyword, or demographics of advertisers
associated with a keyword, and without human intervention, determine an amount charged to a second
advertiser in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with said target keyword and said second
advertiser, wherein said amount to be charged to said second advertiser is determined using said
particular amount, and is also determined using said statistic of relevance to said first advertiser and said
statistic of relevance to said second advertiser.
33. The computer system of claim 32 wherein at least one said statistic comprises a statistic on the rate
of use of a keyword.
34. The computer system of claim 32 wherein at least one said statistic is related to a number of times a
link to an advertiser's web site is produced by the paid search engine over a period of time.
35. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware is configured to access
additional keywords related to the target keyword.
36. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware is configured to provide at least
one said statistic for display on a single display screen to a user.
37. The computer system of claim 36 wherein said processing hardware is configured to provide said
amount for display on said single display screen.
38. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware is configured to provide said
amount for display on a single display screen to a user.
39. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware is configured to send at least
one said statistic to a person responsible for making decisions on the second advertiser's use of pay-perclick marketing.
40. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware includes a computer responsible
for making decisions on said second advertiser's use of pay-per-click marketing configured to determine
said amount.
41. The computer system of claim 40 wherein said processing hardware is configured to send said
amount from said computer responsible for making decisions.
42. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware is configured to send said
amount to a computer responsible for making decisions on said second advertiser's use of pay-per-click
marketing.
43. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said amount meets pre-identified requirements of said
advertiser.
44. The computer system of claim 32 wherein the determination of the amount includes the use of a
minimum currency amount.
45. The computer system of claim 32 wherein said processing hardware is configured to identify
keywords that searchers have used in conjunction with the target keyword.

46. The method of claim 32 wherein one of said statistics comprises a statistic on the rate of use of a
keyword and the other of said statistics is related to a number of times a link to an advertiser's web site is
produced by the paid search engine over a period of time.
47. The system of claim 32 wherein said hyperlink associated with said first advertiser is ranked below
said hyperlink associated with said second advertiser.
48. A computer system that manages pay-per-click advertising, by determining an amount to be charged
in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with a target keyword, comprising a memory, and
processing hardware configured to: access from memory a particular amount a first advertiser is willing
to be charged in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with said first advertiser, access from
memory first and second different statistics related to one or more of a rate of use by users, number of
times a hyperlink was viewed, data that relates to an increase or decrease in the use of a keyword by
users, demographics of users associated with a keyword or demographics of advertisers associated with
a keyword, and without human intervention, determine an amount, to be charged to a second advertiser
in response to a click of a hyperlink associated with said target keyword and said second advertiser,
wherein said amount to be charged to said second advertiser is determined using said particular amount,
and is also determined using said first and second statistics.
49. The computer system of claim 48 wherein the statistic on rate of use comprises a statistic on rate of
use of a keyword.
50. The computer system of claim 48 wherein the statistic on rate of use is related to a number of times a
link to an advertiser's web site is produced by the paid search engine over a period of time.
51. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said amount meets pre-identified requirements of said
second advertiser.
52. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware is configured to provide said at
least one statistic for display on a single display screen to a user.
53. The computer system of claim 52 wherein said processing hardware is configured to provide said
amount for display on said single display screen.
54. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware is configured to provide said
amount for display on a single display screen to a user.
55. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware is configured to send at least
one said statistic to a person responsible for making decisions on said second advertiser's use of the payper-click search engine.
56. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware includes a computer responsible
for making decisions on said second advertiser's use of the pay-per-click search engine.
57. The computer system of claim 56 wherein said processing hardware is configured to send said
amount from said computer responsible for making decisions.
58. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware includes a computer responsible
for making decisions on said second advertiser's use of the pay-per-click search engine, said processing
hardware configured to send said amount to said computer responsible for making decisions.

59. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware is configured to determine a
position of a hyperlink associated with an advertiser-specified Internet address relative to other
hyperlinks associated with the target keyword.
60. The computer system of claim 48 wherein the determination of the amount includes the use of a
minimum currency amount.
61. The computer system of claim 48 wherein said processing hardware is configured to identify
keywords related to the target keyword.
62. The system of claim 48 wherein said hyperlink associated with said first advertiser is ranked below
said hyperlink associated with said second advertiser.
Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the management of advertising expenses in online media.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Use of the Internet has expanded at a nearly geometric rate in the most recent few years, both in the
number of users online and the number of sites and associated content that content providers have made
available online. The increases in both categories have enhanced the importance of so-called "portal"
sites, such as large Internet access providers and popular Internet search engines. Statistics indicate that
an overwhelming majority of traffic to Internet sites passes through such portal sites.
Until recently, Internet search engines have indexed available Internet sites by a process of search and
selection. Professionals employed by the search engine sponsor identify and index Internet sites of
potential interest to users. In some cases, this process would be embellished by "spidering" identified
sites, i.e., traversing links within the site to accumulate word indexes for all reachable pages at the site.
Content providers could participate in this process by submitting links to their site to the search engine,
but other than through such submissions, could not influence whether these links would be added to the
search engine.
Recently, a new model for a paid Internet search engine has been introduced, best exemplified by the
site GoTo.com. In a paid Internet search engine, content providers submit bids for each one or more
keywords they desire to associate with their site. The paid search engine will respond to a user's request
for sites with one or more keywords, by producing a list of links to those sites that have submitted bids
on those keywords. The order in which links are identified is determined by the bid amounts provided
by the sites--the site with the largest (cumulative) bid(s) for the keywords(s) identified by the user,
appears first in the list of sites presented to the user, followed by the site with the second largest
(cumulative) bid(s) and so on. Content providers are invoiced the bid amount each time a link to the
provider's site is used by a user to access that site.
As paid search engines become increasingly popular, the rate of change of bid amounts at those sites has
increased, a consequence of competition for desirable keywords and relative positions in those
keywords. To foster competition, paid search engines have provided facilities for bidders to monitor
certain statistics, such as a daily count of "hits" on particular keywords, and reports of current bids on a

given single keyword. However, paid search engines have not, to date, made such competitive
information readily accessible. For example, a bidder can only view current bid positions of one
keyword at a time, and has no mechanism for quickly identifying large gaps in bid amounts indicative of
an opportunity for bid optimization. For a content provider managing tens or hundreds of keyword bids,
the burden of evaluating each keyword individually can be substantial. The apparent reason for this
situation is that paid search engines do not wish to incur the lost revenue that would result were the
content providers able to fully optimize their bidding strategies, e.g., by quickly determining whether
any current bids for keywords of interests can be lowered, without any or any important change in
ranking relative to other bidders. A non-optimal bid on any given keyword, meaning any bid with a
difference of greater than one cent from the next lower bid, represents consumer surplus captured by the
paid search engine, which the search engine sponsor does not wish to relinquish.
To date, few services have been introduced to aid in bidding on paid search engine keywords. One such
service accumulates generic statistics on the bid ranges for particular positions (e.g., 6, 12, etc.) for
particular keywords at a paid search engine. This data is useful in selecting keywords on which to bid,
but does not provide any assistance in managing bids that have been placed to ensure those bids are
optimized and that a desired position has been maintained as competitors change their bids for the
selected keywords.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method and apparatus (information processing system) for overcoming
these deficiencies and inefficiencies in the current paid search engine keyword bidding market.
Specifically, the present invention provides keyword bidders with information they need to better
optimize their use of paid search engines.
In accordance with a first aspect, the invention features accumulating bid amounts for a plurality of
target keywords at one or more paid Internet search engines, and presenting the bid amounts to a user.
In specific embodiments of this aspect, bid amounts for either a single paid Internet search engine, or
multiple paid Internet search engines, may be accumulated and presented. The bids accumulated may be,
e.g., the 20 largest bids for each target keyword. Other information accumulated and/or presented may
include a statistic or the rate of use of a target keyword by users of a paid search engine, demographics
of users of a target keyword, demographics or commercial information regarding bidders for a target
keyword, identification of additional keywords used in conjunction with the target keywords of users of
a paid Internet search engine, and identification of additional keywords so bid upon by bidders for a
target keyword.
In accordance with a second aspect, the invention features presenting bid amounts for a keyword at one
or more paid Internet search engines, in a manner highlighting one or more selected bid amounts of
interest to a potential bidder.
In specific embodiments of this aspect, the highlighted bid amount is a bid submitted by an identified
entity, e.g., the entity to which said bid amounts are presented. Alternatively, or in addition, the
highlighted bid amount(s) may be associated with a differential in bid amounts meeting certain criteria.
These criteria may include identifying differentials in bid amounts characteristic of an opportunity for
bid optimization, such as differentials between bids larger than a minimum currency amount. These
criteria may alternatively include identifying differentials between bids of the entity to whom the
presentation is made, and bids of other parties.
In accordance with a third aspect, the present invention features monitoring keyword bids at one or more

paid Internet search engines to identify bid changes of interest to a potential bidder.
In specific embodiments of this aspect, the identified changes are those which create a differential in bid
amounts meeting certain criteria. These criteria may include identifying differentials in bid amounts
characteristic of bid optimization opportunities, such as differentials between bids larger than a
minimum currency amount. These criteria may alternatively include identifying differentials between
bids of the entity to whom the presentation is made, and bids of other parties.
The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention shall be made apparent from the
accompanying drawings and the description thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process for accumulating account and keyword information from a
bidder to be used in keyword bid management;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a process for generation of a keyword report;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a process for keyword bid monitoring for a bidders previously
identified keywords of interest; and
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a keyword bid report.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification,
illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with a general description of the invention given
above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of
the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
The foregoing provides an exemplary description of an implementation of principles of the present
invention. Referring to FIG. 1, a process for subscribing a bidder for the use of keyword bid
optimization services can be described. It is anticipated that keyword bid optimization services will be
provided through an Internet site either affiliated with or separate from a paid search engine or a
plurality of paid search engines. Thus, the subscription process begins in step 100 at which a bidder uses
a home page of a keyword bid optimization services website and requests to subscribe, e.g., by clicking
on a subscribe now hyperlink. In a subsequent step 102, the subscriber provides subscriber information.
The subscriber information may be limited the subscriber's name, address, telephone number and email
contact information, or maybe more extensive, such as including credit card information, banking
information such as bank accounts, that can be used for automatic entry in management of keyword bids
as discussed below. Furthermore, a subscribers information may include information on the subscribers
business, area of commerce, product line or other information useful in evaluating potential keywords of
interest to that bidder.
A subscriber to the keyword bid optimization service may manage keywords bids for one or a number of
Internet domain names to which that subscriber wishes to direct internet traffic from a paid search
engine. The new subscriber information provided by the subscriber, therefore, includes the one or
several domain names to which the subscriber wishes to direct internet traffic. These domain names are
then used by the system to obtain reports of keyword bids and positions for those domain names.
A final part of the new subscriber information received in step 102 is a user name and password that

may be used by the bidder to access the keyword bid optimization service and manage the bidding of
keywords through the service. After a subscriber has enrolled, the subscriber may return as seen in step
104 to log into the service and thereby be associated with the previously stored customer information
collected in step 102 including the subscribers keywords and domain names as well as other information
collected. After a subscriber has completed subscription to the service in step 102, or when a subscriber
returns and logs into the service, the subscriber is delivered to a domain directory page in step 106. In
the domain directory page, the subscriber is presented with a list of domain names that have been
entered by the subscriber. The subscriber can manage keyword bids for each domain name. In the
domain directory page, a subscriber selects from among the domains being managed by the subscriber
and clicks on that domain name to be delivered to a main menu page of options for managing keyword
bids for the selected domain name.
In the main menu page at step 108, the bidder has a number of options to utilize the keyword bid
optimization service. A first option is to use a search word suggestion tool proceeding to step 110 to
select and/or identify keywords that are of interest to the bidder. This process proceeds by selecting the
search term suggestion tool from the menu page in step 112. At the search term suggestion tool page, the
bidder may provide keywords or search terms for keywords which are submitted to a paid search engine
to identify the current bids for those keywords, such as for example the twenty highest bids for the
keywords. In addition, other summary information on the keywords may be provided, such as the
number of times the keyword was searched by customer in a recent period, the bidders position and/or
the position of competitors of the bidder who have been identified by the bidder in their subscriber
information. Demographic information on individuals who have searched for companies or other
information using that keyword. Related keywords, i.e., keywords used in conjunction with the
identified keyword. The information that is collected is stored and presented to the bidder in an
organized format. One example of such a format is shown in FIG. 4, and is a table of keywords
identified by a bidder and provides information on the number of times that keyword has been accessed
in the first twenty bids for that keyword in a paid search engine. In step 114, up to 100 keywords may be
viewed in a table such as that shown in FIG. 4, or any other number of keywords as is appropriate for a
particular application. From a keyword report table such as is shown in FIG. 4, a bidder may undertake a
number of actions, including adding keywords, and deleting keywords. All of which are represented by
step 114 in FIG. 1. Furthermore, a bidder may select a keyword to submit a bid for. Bidders may select
keywords and then proceed through a separate browser window to the paid search engine to submit their
bid directly to the paid search engine, or alternatively the keyword bid optimizing server may submit the
bids itself. In either case, the step of submitting a bid is representing by step 116 in FIG. 1. Multiple bids
may be submitted, and/or existing bids may be revised to optimize those bids based on current market
conditions as reported in the table. Bids may also be monitored after their submission as represented in
step 118. For example, a keyword report may be produced after the submission of bid to view the
current keyword positions for the bidder and potentially also for competitors of the bidder. The bid of
the bidder and/or competitors and/or bids that are separated by a gap suggesting possible optimization
may be highlighted in the report of FIG. 4 to facilitate use of that report by the bidder.
The process described above utilizes a search term suggestion tool to select keywords for bidding. The
user may also manually select keywords for bidding in step 119, and similarly proceed to view a
keyword bid report, and submit bids in step 116 as described above. Alternatively, in step 120, the user
may retrieve previously identified keywords associated with the users account and automatically
produce a keyword report on those keywords. Thereafter in step 118, again the keyword report may be
analyzed to determine the current bids, positions of those bids and other information of interest.
Referring to FIG. 2, the process for creating a keyword bid report can be further explained. In a first step
200, keywords or key phrases that are to be analyzed for a bidder are received by the system through one
of the various processes described above. Then in step 202, prices and other data for each keyword as

explained above are collected. Finally, in step 204, those keywords are and those prices and any other
data such as optimization opportunities are presented in a report to the bidder.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the process of monitoring keyword bids for a bidder can be explained. In a first
step 300, prices and other data are collected for each keyword of a bidder that has been previously
identified by the bidder. This process may proceed in a manner that minimizes burdens on the keyword
search engine, such as by obtaining these items of data overnight while the keywords search engine is
not heavily occupied. In a subsequent step 302, the new prices or data obtained in step 300 are compared
to previously identified prices and data to identify new opportunities for optimization, changes in
keyword bid position, or other monitored data such as an increase or decrease in the use of the keyword
by users of the paid search engine. The changes that have been identified in step 302 are then
communicated to the bidder. In one example, in step 304 the information collected in step 302 is
organized and reported to the bidder in an electronic mail message, which may be simply a report of bid
positions and prices for each of the keywords of the bidder, or may have more detailed information up to
and including a complete keyword bid report of the format shown in FIG. 4 or of any other format.
Alternatively, if authorization has been obtained from the bidder, the keyword bid optimizing service
may automatically submit new bids for the bidder to the paid search engine. For example, bid prices
may be increased or lowered, as needed to meet the bidders pre-identified requirements. Bids may be
increased in order to recapture the bidder position desired by the bidder. Bids may be decreased
whenever a gap of greater than the minimum bid difference exists between the bidders bid and the next
lower bid. Automatic optimization of bids in this manner permits the bidder to be freed of the burden of
resubmitting bids with each new optimization opportunity. It will be noted that the automatic submission
of new bids in step 306 and the reporting of changes in step 304 may be combined so that bid changes
are made and reported to a bidder with whatever frequency is desired.

While the present invention has been illustrated by a description of various embodiments and while
these embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants to
restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and
modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is
therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and method, and illustrative
example shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without
departing from the spirit or scope of applicant's general inventive concept.
*****
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