Moore v. Williams et al

Filing 41

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER re 31 Defendant Linda Richey's Rule 12(b)(6) Motion to Dismiss. The claims must be dismissed as 8 Regional Director Richey is entitled to qualified immunity. In conclusion, Plaintiff fails to state a c laim upon which relief may be granted; thus, Defendant's motion to dismiss must be granted. It is therefore ORDERED that Defendant Regional Director Richey's Rule 12(b)6) motion to dismiss (Dkt. #31) is GRANTED and the claims against her DISMISSED with prejudice. Signed by Judge Amos L. Mazzant, III on 2/27/2017. (kls, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
SHERMAN DIVISION

JIMMY MOORE, #1771243,
Plaintiff,

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v.
WILLIAM CHARLES, et al.,
Defendants.

Civil Action No. 4:14cv825

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Pro se Plaintiff Jimmy Moore filed a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983. He
claims Defendants violated his constitutional rights while he was incarcerated at the Choice
Moore Unit in Bonham, Texas. Plaintiff brings suit against Defendants in their individual
capacities and seeks punitive damages in the amount of $15,000. This Memorandum Opinion
and Order concerns Defendant Richey’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff asserts Officer William Charles violated his Eighth Amendment rights by using
“unnecessary and excessive force.” Plaintiff alleges Officer Charles grabbed him, hit him with a
closed fist on the head, and repeatedly sprayed him with a chemical agent. Plaintiff further
claims Officer Charles wrote a false offense report stating that Plaintiff assaulted him. Plaintiff
alleges that Officer Charles engaged in a conspiracy with the other named Defendants to cover
up his purported assault against Plaintiff.
Plaintiff claims that Defendant Linda Richey, Regional Director, violated his Eighth
Amendment rights and due process rights. Specifically, Regional Directory Richey allegedly

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failed to overturn the disciplinary case for assaulting Officer Charles based on insufficient
evidence, in response to Plaintiff’s Step 2 - Grievance No. 20130126642. Plaintiff further
alleges that Regional Director Richey’s decision-making was arbitrary and capricious by failing
to overturn his disciplinary case when she knew or should have known the evidence was
insufficient to support a finding of guilt without a determination by medical staff that the injury
Plaintiff caused Officer Charles was serious. Plaintiff also claims that Regional Director
Richey’s actions were “in agreement with the other named defendants to punish [him] to cover
up the assault by Officer Charles.”
STANDARD - RULE 12(b)(6)
Rule 12(b)(6) allows dismissal if a plaintiff fails “to state a claim upon which relief may be
granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). “To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the plaintiff
must plead ‘enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Severance v.
Patterson, 566 F.3d 490, 501 (5th Cir. 2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S.
544 (2007)). The Supreme Court stated that Rule 12(b)(6) must be read in conjunction with Rule
8(a), which requires “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to
relief.” Id., 550 U.S. at 555.
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2), a pleading must contain a “short and plain
statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556
U.S. 662, 677-78 (2009). Rule 8 does not require “detailed factual allegations but it demands more
than an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Id. A pleading offering
“labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action” will not
suffice, nor does a complaint suffice if it provides naked assertions that are devoid of further

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factual enhancement.

Id. Thus, a complaint will survive a motion to dismiss if it contains

“enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. A
plaintiff meets this standard when he “pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the
reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at
678. A complaint may be dismissed if a plaintiff fails to “nudge [his] claims across the line from
conceivable to plausible.” Id. The distinction between merely being possible and plausible was
reiterated by the Court in Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. A complaint that pleads facts “merely consistent
with” a defendant’s liability “stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of
‘entitlement to relief.’” Id.
If the facts alleged in a complaint “do not permit the court to infer more than the mere
possibility of misconduct,” a plaintiff has not shown entitlement to relief. Id. (citing Fed. R. Civ.
P. 8(a)(2)). A factual allegation “merely creating a suspicion” that a plaintiff might have a right of
action is insufficient. Rios v. City of Del Rio, Tex., 444 F.3d 417, 421 (5th Cir. 2006). “The
plausibility standard is not akin to a ‘probability requirement,’ but it asks for more than a sheer
possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. If the facts alleged in a
complaint fail to permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, a plaintiff
has not shown entitlement to relief. Id. (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2)). Dismissal is proper if a
complaint lacks a factual allegation regarding any required element necessary to obtain relief.
Rios, 44 F.3d at 421.
In Twombly, the Supreme Court noted that “the tenet that a court must accept as true all of
the allegations contained in a complaint is inapplicable to legal conclusions. Threadbare recitals of
the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Iqbal,

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556 U.S. at 678 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).
PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT
To hold a defendant liable under a § 1983 claim, a plaintiff must show the defendant was
personally involved in the alleged constitutional violation. Personal involvement is an essential
element. Thompson v. Steele, 709 F.2d 381, 382 (5th Cir. 1983). A plaintiff must establish a
causal connection between the alleged constitutional deprivation and the defendant whom he
would hold responsible. See Lozano v. Smith, 718 F.2d 756, 768 (5th Cir. 1983). Here, Plaintiff
does not allege that Regional Director Richey was present during the alleged use-of-force
incident with Officer Charles or that she otherwise caused the incident. Further, Plaintiff does
not allege that Regional Director Richey had any personal involvement in his disciplinary case.
Instead, Plaintiff alleges that Regional Director Richey responded erroneously to his grievance
concerning his disciplinary case. Thus, to the extent that Plaintiff brings claims against Regional
Director Richey for any conduct occurring within the prison disciplinary case, such claims
should be dismissed for lack of personal involvement.
GRIEVANCE
Plaintiff claims that Regional Director Richey violated his constitutional rights because
of her response to Plaintiff’s grievance.

As Plaintiff has no constitutional entitlement to an

adequate grievance procedure, the claim should be dismissed for failure to state a claim. See,
e.g., Geiger v. Jowers, 404 F.3d 371, 374 (5th Cir. 2005). Congress requires inmates to exhaust
their “administrative remedies as are available . . .” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). A prison system is
not required to establish grievance procedures, and inmates do not have a basis for a lawsuit
because a prison system has not established grievance procedures or fails to adhere to its

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procedures. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(b). The Fifth Circuit has made it clear that inmates do not have a
basis for a meritorious civil rights lawsuit just because they are unhappy with grievance
procedures:
Geiger does not have a federally protected liberty interest in having these
grievances resolved to his satisfaction. As he relies on a legally nonexistent
interest, any alleged due process violation arising from the alleged failure to
investigate his grievances is indisputably meritless.

Geiger, 404 F.3d at 374. Congress established the exhaustion requirement to give prisons and
jails the first opportunity to address complaints by inmates, but inmates do not have a basis for a
lawsuit because they are dissatisfied with the results of the grievance procedures. As a result,
Plaintiff’s claim against Regional Director Richey for responding to his grievance must be
dismissed as frivolous because it has no arguable basis in law.
DISCIPLINARY CASE
Plaintiff’s claims against Regional Director Richey derived from her involvement in his
prison disciplinary case fail because Plaintiff does not allege a constitutionally-protected liberty
interest sufficient to trigger due process protections or any violation of those rights. Moreover,
Plaintiff fails to allege sufficient facts to show that § 1983 relief is available because his prison
disciplinary sentence has been overturned.
The Supreme Court has held that a plaintiff who seeks to recover damages under § 1983
for actions whose unlawfulness would render a conviction or sentence invalid must first prove
that the conviction or sentence has been reversed, expunged, invalidated, or otherwise called into
question. Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 486-87 (1994). The Supreme Court provided the
following explanation:

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We think the hoary principle that civil tort actions are not appropriate vehicles for
challenging the validity of outstanding criminal judgments applies to § 1983
damages actions that necessarily require the plaintiff to prove the unlawfulness of
his conviction or confinement, just as it has always applied to actions for malicious
prosecution.
Id. at 486. The holding in Heck was extended to prison disciplinary proceedings in Edwards v.
Balisok, 520 U.S. 641, 648 (1997). The Fifth Circuit subsequently reiterated that an inmate may
not bring a civil rights lawsuit about a prison disciplinary case unless he first shows that “his
disciplinary conviction has been invalidated by official action.” Lee v. Wade, 593 F. App’x 410,
410 (5th Cir. 2015).
Plaintiff alleges that Officer Charles filed a false disciplinary report against him.
Plaintiff’s claims that the allegations against him are false implies that a disciplinary sentence
arising from that report would be unlawful. However, Plaintiff does not assert that any
disciplinary sentence from the allegedly false report has been overturned. Accordingly, his
claims against Regional Director Richey arising from the allegedly false disciplinary report
must be dismissed.
CONSPIRACY
Plaintiff next claims that TDCJ employees Duana Rohde, Warden McDonald, Juan
Marrero, Captain Thompkins, Assistant Warden Karl, and Regional Director Linda Richey
conspired to cover up the purported assault by Officer Charles in the disciplinary case against
him.

To prove a conspiracy, a plaintiff must prove an actual deprivation of a constitutional

right. Salvin v. Curry, 574 F.2d 1256, 1261 (5th Cir. 1978); Villanueva v. McInnis, 723 F.2d 414,
418 (5th Cir. 1984). See also Pfannstiel v. City of Marion, 918 F.2d 1178, 1183 (5th Cir. 1990).
“The elements of civil conspiracy are (1) an actual violation of a right protected under § 1983

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and (2) actions taken in concert by the defendants with the specific intent to violate the
aforementioned right.” Kerr v. Lyford, 171 F.3d 330, 340 (5th Cir. 1990). Mere conclusory
allegations of conspiracy, absent reference to material facts, do not state a cause of action under
42 U.S.C. § 1983. See Marts v. Hines, 68 F.3d 134, 136 (5th Cir. 1995) (en banc). Plaintiff must
allege the operative facts of the alleged conspiracy. Lynch v. Cannatella, 810 F.2d 1363, 136970 (5th Cir. 1987). In the instant case, Plaintiff provides nothing to substantiate his claim of
conspiracy other than his bare assertion that one existed. Accordingly, he fails to state a
conspiracy claim.
QUALIFIED IMMUNITY
Plaintiff sued Regional Director Richey in her individual capacity; thus, she is protected
by qualified immunity. The doctrine of qualified immunity protects government officials from
liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly-established statutory
or constitutional rights about which a reasonable person would have known.

It gives

government officials breathing room to make reasonable, but mistaken judgments, and protects
all but the plainly incompetent, or those who knowingly violate the law. Thompson v. Mercer,
762 F.3d 433, 436-37 (5th Cir. 2014) (citations omitted).
To overcome the qualified immunity defense, the plaintiff must allege a violation of a
constitutional right and show that the right was clearly established in the specific context of the
case. See Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 235-36 (2009). Since both prongs must be
satisfied, the Supreme Court has concluded that the sequence set forth in Saucier should no
longer be regarded as mandatory. Id. at 236. If the court finds that an official’s conduct does not
violate a clearly established constitutional right, then qualified immunity applies, and no further

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analysis is required. Id. at 232. If, however, the court finds that the plaintiff has alleged the
violation of a clearly established constitutional right, the court must proceed in determining if
the defendant’s action could reasonably have been thought consistent with that right. Siegert v.
Gilley, 500 U.S. 226, 230 (1991).
When determining whether the defendant acted reasonably, the court looks to whether
the defendants’ actions were objectively reasonable in relation to the law as it existed at the time
the conduct occurred and in light of the information the defendant possessed. Mouille v. City of
Live Oak, 977 F.2d 924, 928 (5th Cir. 1993). Regardless of an official’s mistaken assumptions or
subjective motivations, he is entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct is determined to have
been objectively reasonable. The Fifth Circuit stated:
[T]he court should ask whether the [defendants] acted reasonably under settled
law in the circumstances, not whether another reasonable or more reasonable,
interpretation of the events can be constructed . . . after the fact . . . . Even if law
enforcement officials erred in [their conclusions], they would be entitled to
qualified immunity if their decision was reasonable albeit mistaken. [Citations
omitted.]
Lampkin v. City of Nacogdoches, 7 F.3d 430, 434-35 (5th Cir. 1993), cert. denied sub nom.,
Vanover v. Lampkin, 114 S. Ct. 1400 (1994). Similarly, in Valencia v. Wiggins, the Supreme
Court held, “It is therefore irrelevant whether the defendants in this case acted with intent to
injure as long as their conduct was objectively reasonable.” 981 F.2d 1440, 1448 (5th Cir. 1993),
cert. denied, 509 U.S. 905 (1993).
In the instant case, Plaintiff fails to allege the violation of a constitutional right by
Regional Director Richey. Plaintiff fails to allege any facts whatsoever that show the actions of
Regional Director Richey to be objectively unreasonable. The claims must be dismissed as

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Regional Director Richey is entitled to qualified immunity.
.

In conclusion, Plaintiff fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted; thus,
Defendant’s motion to dismiss must be granted. It is therefore
ORDERED that Defendant Regional Director Richey’s Rule 12(b)6) motion to dismiss
(Dkt. #31) is GRANTED and the claims against her DISMISSED with prejudice.
SIGNED this 27th day of February, 2017.

___________________________________
AMOS L. MAZZANT
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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