Luci Bags LLC v. Younique, LLC
Filing
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MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER. It is therefore ORDERED that Defendant Younique, LLC's Motion to Strike Plaintiff's Damage Claims and Jury Demand (Dkt. #85) is hereby GRANTED in part. As a result, Plaintiff's claim for punitive damages is hereby stricken. Signed by District Judge Amos L. Mazzant, III on 1/8/2018. (daj, )
United States District Court
EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
SHERMAN DIVISION
LUCI BAGS LLC
v.
YOUNIQUE, LLC
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Civil Action No. 4:16-CV-00377
Judge Mazzant
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Pending before the Court is Defendant Younique, LLC’s Motion to Strike Plaintiff’s
Damage Claims and Jury Demand (Dkt. #85). After reviewing the relevant pleadings and motion,
the Court finds the motion should be granted in part.
BACKGROUND
In August 2016, Plaintiff Luci Bags, LLC applied for federal trademark protection for tote
bags. This application did not mature to registration until April 26, 2016. From December 2015
through February 2016, Defendant participated in a “Welcome Back” promotion. As a part of the
promotion, Defendant distributed Welcome Back Kits, which included a Younique-branded tote
bag. On June 7, 2016, Plaintiff filed suit against Defendant for alleged violations of 15 U.S.C.
§§ 1114 and 1125(a), common law trade dress infringement, and unfair competition (Dkt. #1).
On October 11, 2017, Defendant filed its Motion to Strike Plaintiff’s Damage Claims and
Jury Demand (Dkt. #85). On October 18, 2017, the parties filed a Stipulation to Non-Jury Trial
(Dkt. #103).1 Plaintiff filed its response (Dkt. #104) on October 25, 2017. Defendant filed its
As a result, Defendant’s request to strike Plaintiff’s jury demand is moot. As such, the Court only addresses whether
striking Plaintiff’s damage claims is warranted.
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reply (Dkt. #109) on November 1, 2017. Plaintiff filed its sur-reply (Dkt. #110) on November 3,
2017.
ANALYSIS
Defendant argues that Plaintiff is not entitled to monetary relief because Plaintiff did not
abide by the notice requirements in 15 U.S.C. § 1111. Further, Defendant claims Plaintiff is
precluded from recovering punitive damages. The Court addresses each argument in turn.
I.
Monetary Relief
Defendant claims that Plaintiff is precluded from recovering monetary relief because it did
not comply with the notice requirements in 15 U.S.C. § 1111. Plaintiff argues notice, as required
by § 1111, applies only to infringement that occurs after registration, and since the relief Plaintiff
seeks relates to events prior to registration, § 1111 is inapplicable.
15 U.S.C. § 1125(a) “governs infringement of unregistered marks.” Dwyer Instruments,
Inc. v. Sensocon, Inc., 873 F. Supp. 2d 1015, 1027 (N.D. Ind. 2012) (citing Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco
Cabana, Inc., 505 U.S. 763, 768 (1992)). 15 U.S.C. § 1117(a), states that a violation under
§ 1125(a) entitles a plaintiff to recover the defendant’s profits, damages sustained by the plaintiff,
and costs of the action, subject to the provisions of §§ 1111 and 1114. Section 1111 requires that
in order to recover profits or money damages in an infringement suit, the trademark registrant must
give “notice” of registration.
Notice is provided by “displaying with the mark the words
‘Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’ or ‘Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off.’ or the letter R
enclosed within a circle, thus ®.” 15 U.S.C. § 1111. However, when a registrant fails to provide
such notice of registration, “no profits and no damages shall be recovered . . . unless the defendant
had actual notice of the registration.” Id. Although § 1117 statutory damages for a violation of
§ 1125(a) are “subject to” the notice requirements of § 1111, such requirements only apply to
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registered marks. McCarthy on Trademarks & Unfair Competition § 19:144 (4th ed.). As a result,
the § 1111 notice requirement is “not a limitation on recovery of damages under a [§ 1125(a)]
count for infringement of an unregistered mark.” Id. Stated differently, § 1111 notice applies to
infringement of registered marks (§ 1114), but is not a limitation of infringement of an unregistered
mark (§ 1125(a)).
Here, Plaintiff seeks Defendant’s profits from Defendant’s Welcome Back promotion that
took place from December 2015 to February 2016, before Plaintiff’s application for registration
matured. As explained above, the notice requirement in § 1111 applies to damages sought for the
infringement of registered marks. Although Plaintiff’s mark is now registered, at the time of the
alleged infringement, Plaintiff’s mark was unregistered. As a result, because the relief Plaintiff
seeks involves alleged infringement prior to the mark’s registration, the § 1111 notice requirements
do not apply. 2
Defendant argues that “[b]y expressly incorporating Section 1111 into Section 1117, the
Lanham Act mandates that a registrant relying on its registration cannot claim monetary damages
until it provides marks [of] trademark or gives actual notice to the alleged infringer.” (Dkt. #85
at p. 7). In other words, Defendant claims that since Plaintiff’s mark is now registered § 1111
applies, regardless of when the alleged infringement occurred.
In making this argument,
Defendant relies heavily on Coach, Inc. v. Asia Pac. Trading Co., Inc., 676 F. Supp. 2d 914 (C.D.
Cal. 2009), but such reliance is misplaced. In Coach, Plaintiffs sued on a registered mark under
both 15 U.S.C. § 1114 and § 1125(a). Coach, 676 F. Supp. 2d at 918. The court held that the
“[p]laintiffs’ recovery of profits or damages under § 1125(a) [was] limited to the period after which
See Dwyer, 873 F. Supp. 2d at 1028 (holding that because “[t]he notice language of § 1111 only applies to registered
marks and to claims for infringement of such registered marks,” it is “improper and incorrect for the Plaintiff to notify
the Defendants that the [mark] was registered before the actual date of registration.”
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[the d]efendant had ‘actual notice’ of [the p]laintiffs’ registration. Id. at 925. Despite Defendant’s
reliance on the holding in Coach, the Court finds the analysis in Coach belies Defendant’s
contention.
In making its ruling, the court in Coach cites to McCarthy, which, in relevant part, states
“‘[b]ecause the [§ 1111] requirement of notice only applies to registered marks, it is, of course,
not a limitation on recovery of damages under a [§ 1125(a)] count for infringement of an
unregistered mark.’” Id. at 925 (alteration in original) (quoting McCarthy, § 19:144). Further,
McCarthy discussed the difficult “‘question [of] whether a registrant who proves infringement
under both [§ 1114(1)] (registered mark) and [§ 1125(a)] (unregistered mark) can avoid the notice
limitation imposed by [§ 1111] by claiming all of its damages fall under the [§ 1125(a)] count.’”
Id. (alteration in original) (quoting McCarthy, § 19:144). In holding that “‘a registrant cannot
avoid the [§ 1111] damage limitation by using [§ 1125(a)],’” McCarthy simply stated the obvious,
that a plaintiff who sues on a registered mark cannot skirt the marking requirement by relying
solely on § 1125(a) for all of its damages. Id. (alteration in original) (quoting McCarthy, § 19:144).
Further, the court in Coach cites to GTFM, Inc. v. Solid Clothing, Inc., 215 F. Supp. 2d 273
(S.D.N.Y. 2002). GTFM held that for any infringement occurring before the mark’s registration,
plaintiff could recover profits and damages under § 1125(a), but for infringement occurring after
registration, plaintiff needed to satisfy the notice requirements of § 1111. GTFM, 215 F. Supp. 2d
at 306. As such, the holding in Coach precluded the plaintiffs from avoiding the § 1111 notice
requirements by pleading § 1125(a) when evidence of infringement prior to registration failed to
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exist. However, the court did not, as Defendant argues it did, rule that § 1111 notice applies to
unregistered marks.
Here, there is no evidence that Plaintiff attempted to recover all of its relief under
“§ 1125(a) or otherwise use § 1125(a) in an attempt to avoid the damage limitation.” Dwyer, 873
F. Supp. 2d at 1028. Rather, Plaintiff asserts a “violation of § 1125(a) as the mechanism to recover
for infringement that occurred before” its application for registration matured. Id. As such, the
Court finds that Plaintiff is eligible to recover damages under § 1125(a) for infringement that
occurred prior to registration, “and may do so without reference to § 1111.” Id.; see GTFM, 215
F. Supp. 2d at 306.
As such, the Court finds striking Plaintiff’s claim for monetary relief is inappropriate.
II.
Punitive Damages
Defendant avers that because Plaintiff does not seek actual damages, Plaintiff is not entitled
to punitive damages. As a result, Defendant requests the Court strike Plaintiff’s claim for punitive
damages. Conversely, Plaintiff argues that it does seek actual damages, which precludes the Court
from striking its punitive damages claim.
Exemplary, or punitive, damages are designed to penalize and deter conduct that is
outrageous, malicious, or morally culpable. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 41.001(5);
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. v. Malone, 972 S.W.2d 35, 40 (Tex. 1998). “[E]xemplary
damages may be awarded only if damages other than nominal damages are awarded.” TEX. CIV.
PRAC. & REM. CODE § 41.004(a). Nominal damages are damages awarded when there has been a
violation of a legal right, but the injured party has not sustained any actual loss or cannot prove
the amount of the loss. See MBM Fin. Corp. v. Woodlands Oper., 292 S.W.3d 660, 665 (Tex.
2009). Additionally, “[r]ecovery of actual damages is a perquisite to the receipt of exemplary
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damages.” Juliette Fowler Homes, Inc. v. Welch Assocs., 793 S.W.2d 660, 667 (Tex. 1990) (citing
Doubleday & Co. v. Rogers, 674 S.W.2d 751, 753–54 (Tex. 1984)). Actual damages are those
damages awarded to repair a wrong or to compensate for an injury. See Robertson Cty. v. Wymola,
17 S.W.3d 334, 343–44 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, pet. denied).
Here, Plaintiff seeks Defendant’s profits as provided for in 15 U.S.C. § 1117. Thus, the
issue for the Court is whether such damages are “actual damages” allowing for Plaintiff’s punitive
damages claim to survive. The Court finds that accounting of profits does not constitute actual
damages. See Newby v. Enron Corp., 188 F. Supp. 2d 684, 700 (S.D. Tex. 2002) (holding that an
accounting from profits is distinct from an award of money damages, even though such a remedy
yields an award of money). This conclusion is further supported by Plaintiff’s Complaint (Dkt.
#1) and its 30(b)(6) deposition, both of which make the distinction between accounting of profits
and actual damages. First, Plaintiff’s Prayer for Relief seeks an order awarding “Luci Bags
damages and ordering Younique to account and pay to Luci Bags all profits realized by its
wrongful acts and also awarding Luci Bags its actual damages, and also directing that such profits
or actual damages be trebled pursuant to [15 U.S.C. § 1117].” (Dkt. #1 at ¶ F) (emphasis added).
Second, Plaintiff, through its representative Rebecca Lucas, testified that Luci Bags is not claiming
any actual or out-of-pocket damages, but instead is only seeking Defendant’s profits from the
Younique bag. (See Dkt. #85, Exhibit 3 at p. 3). Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s claim
for punitive damages should be struck.
CONCLUSION
It is therefore ORDERED that Defendant Younique, LLC’s Motion to Strike Plaintiff’s
Damage Claims and Jury Demand (Dkt. #85) is hereby GRANTED in part. As a result, Plaintiff’s
claim for punitive damages is hereby stricken.
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IT IS SO ORDERED.
SIGNED this 8th day of January, 2018.
___________________________________
AMOS L. MAZZANT
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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