Zamir Investment, Inc. v. American Economy Insurance Company et al

Filing 12

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART 7 MOTION to Dismiss, TERMINATING 6 Opposed MOTION to Remand.(Signed by Judge Keith P Ellison) Parties notified.(sloewe)

U N I E D STA T E S D I T R I T CO U R T T S C SO U T H E R N D I T R I T O F TEX A S S C H O U ST ON DI I I N VSO

ZAM I I VESTM ENX I C. RN N,
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M EM O R AN D UM AND ORDER

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1 . BA C K G R O U N D

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c mm eca p o e t is e b Ame ia Ec n my I s r n eCompa y (W me ia Ec n m/'. o ril r p ry su d y rc n o o n u a c n ç rc n o o )
A fe Huni a el e,Pl i tf s bm itd acli a d adema d f rpa m e tofpr pe t a d ot e tr cn k a n if u te am n no yn o ry n h r c ve ed da a e t Am e i a Ec nom y. The s m e day, A m e i a Ec nom y a s gne J hn or mg o rc n o a rc n o si d o
Zamir Investment, Inc. v. American Economy Insurance Company et al

K r e e t i ve tga e Pl i tf ' cl i . u g r o n si t a n ifs a m
Doc. 12

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Te a De e tve Tr de Pr cies Ac (t TPA ' a d t e Te as l s rnc Code a ais x s cpi a a tc tI D 'n h ) x n ua e , g nt

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ba i o di e st -jrs ito .( o . 1) I t eNotc of mo a, e d nt a k o ld e ss f v r iy u id cin D c No. . n h ie Re v lDefn a s c n w e g D efnd nt Kr e e i a Te a cii e ,a d i t e e or not di e s fom Pl i tf Ra he , ea ugr s x s tz n n s h r f e v re r an if tr

Dee d nsa g et a Kr e e h sb e i p o e l j ie i ti a to b c us Plit fh s fn a t r u h t u g r a e n m r p ry on d n h s cin e a e ani a f
f ied t e tbls a va i c us ofa ton a ans Kr e e ,a d t e ef r Kr e e ' c tze s i al o sa ih ld a e c i g i t u g r n h r o e u g r s ii n h p

s o l n t ec n ie e f rp r o e o j rs it n. h ud o b o sd r d o u p s s f u idci o
I. I LEG A L STAN D A R D

Ther mova saut, U. . .j 1 4la,pr vi e : e l tt e 28 SC 4 () o d s

( 2y cvi a to b o g ti a Sae c u to whc te d slc c u t ofte A n i l cin r u h n tt o r f ih h it t o rs h i Uni d Stts h v o iia j rs ito ,ma b rmo e b t e d fn a to t ae a e rgn l u id cin y e e v d y h e e d n r e
de e dant,t t e diti tcour oft e Unie Stt sf rt e diti ta d di ii n f n s o h src th t d a e o h src n v so e br cng t epl c wher s c a ton i pendi g. m a i h ae e u h ci s n

Fe ea c u t h v o ii a j rs ito o e a y cvla to ç h r t ematri c nr ves d rl o rs a e rg n l u idcin v r n ii cin ç e e h te n o to ry w
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sae' 28 U. . . j 1 32( )2) ( 005 . The pa t t a se s r moval has te bur en of tt. ' SC 3 a( 2 ) ry h t e k e h d

e tbl hn t a fd r l u id cin e it a dta r mo a wa p o e .Ma gu ov Pr d n il sa i ig h t e e a j rs it x ss n h t e v l s r p r n n . u e ta s o
Prpet ï Ca .I s Co. 276 F.d 720,7 3 ( t Ci.2002)(iain omitd) Co rsmus o ry s n. , 3 2 5h r ctto te . u t t
src l co sr e r m ova sa utsi f vorofr m a d a d a ai s r m oval Bos y v. o e Te , tity n tu e l tt e n a e n n g nt e . k Kr g r r

L. .2 8F.d2 8 21 ( t Ci. 0 2 . P , 8 3 0 , 1 5h r 2 0 ) Un e t efa d ln j i d rd crn ,te e a r mo a j rs ito p e ie o dv r i d r h ru u e t o n e o tie d d r l e v l u id cin r m s d n ie st f y c n o b d fae b t e p e e c o a i p o e l j ie no - i es a d o i-tt a n t e e e td y h rs n e f n m r p ry on d n dv re n /r n sae
dee da t' Salz r v Alsat Te a LIyd',I c. 455 F.d 571 57 ( t Ci.2006 . To fn n . ' a a . lt e x s o s n , 3 , 4 5h r )

etbih fa d ln j id r t e rm o ig p ry mus pr v et e t a t e e h sbe n a ta sa ls ru u e t on e , h e vn at t o e i r h t h r a e cu l h fa d i t epla ig o j rs ito a fc s o t a t ee i n ra o a l po sb ly t a te ru n h e dn f u idcin l a t, r h t h r s o e s n b e s iii h t h t
pl i tf wilbea l t esa ls a c us ofa ton a ans t atpary i sat c ur. Smalwood v an if l b e o t b ih a e c i g i t h t n te o t l .

2

11 Ce t R. .Co. 385 F.d 568,573 ( t Ci.200 )(n ba c,c r.de id,5 4 U..992 1. n . R , 3 5h r 4 e n ) e t n e 4 S (005) Thedee dantmus de o srt t a t eei noposi iiy ofrc vey byt eplitf 2. fn t m n tae h t h r s sb lt eo r h an if
agans t e no - i e s de e da t t a i, ha t e ei no r a o a l bassf rt e dititco r t i t h n d v r e f n n ,h t s t t h r s e s n b e i o h src u t o pr ditt a t e pl i tf m i htbe a l t r c ve a ans t e non- i e s def nda t I .a 573 e c h t h an if g be o e o r g i th dv re e n . d t

( i to so i e ) A c u tma r s let i is ei o e o t o wa s b c nd cig a Rue ct in m t d . o r y e ov hs su n n f w a t y : y o u tn l 1 ( )6 -y ea ayss l o iga tealg to so tec mp an t d t r iewh te i sae a 2 b ( )tp n l i,o kn t h le ain f h o lit o ee m n eh r t tts
c am und r sa e l w a ai s t e no - i e s de e dant or by pir i g t e pladi gs a d li e tt a g n t h n dv re fn , e cn h e n n

c n u tn a s mm ay j d m e ttpe iq iy o d cig u r u g n-y n ur .

O r i a iy, i a pl i t f ca s r i e a d n rl f an if n u v v

,n t s i , 1 ( )6 -y e c aln e te e i n i p o e j id r I . A court i is dicreton,however 2 b ()tp h le g , h r s o m r p r on e . d

ma pe c t e pe dn s a d c n u ta s mma pj d m e ttpe iq iy i i d tr ie ta y ire h la ig n o d c u r u g n y n ur f t ee m n s h t
t e e a e tdic e e a d undiput d f c st a woul pr c ude pl i tf s r c ver a ai s t e i h r r s s rt n s e at h t d el an if e o y g n t h n saedef nda t' f .a 573- 4. tt e n . # t ' 7

W h n d tr i ig wh te a p ry h s b e i p o e l j ie ,alfcu lalg to s e ee m n n eh r a t a e n m r p ry on d l a ta l ain e
m us be e al a e <i t e lghtmos fvo a l t t e pl i tf,r s l i g al cont se i s e of t v u td d h i n t a r b e o h a n if e o v n l e td su s s bsa tve f c i f voroft epli tf ' Bur en v.Ge e alDynamis Cor . 60 F. d 21 ,21 u tn i a t n a h an if ' d nr c p, 3 36

( t Ci.1 95) 5h r 9 .
Thus i o de t de e t Pl i tf s M o i n f r Rem a d,D e e da t m us s ow t a t i , n r r o f a a n if to o n fn n s th h t hs

ca e was pr pe l r moved t ti Co r unde 28 U. . .j 1 41 t a i,t a Kr e e ,a s o ry e o hs u t r SC 4 , h t s h t ug r
pur oredl non- i e s de e da t wa i pr pe l s e by Pl i tf. pty d v r e f n n , s m o ry u d a n if
11 1. AN A L Y SI S

Th pa t si ti c s d n ta p a t ds u et a tej rs ito a mii u h sb e e ri n h s a e o o p e r o ip t h t h u id cin l n m m a e n e
m e , o t a Pl i tf a d Kru ge ar bot Te as r sde t . D ef nda t i s e d ar ue t a t r h t a n if n e r e h x e i ns e n s n ta g ht

Kr e e wa i p o el j i e i ti c s b c u e P an ifspla igs f i t s fiin l u g r s m r p ry o n d n h s a e e a s litf' e dn al o u fce t y

ale e a s e ii f c ua ba i f rr c ve y a ai s Kru ge . D e e da t a s s bm i a afi a i lg p c fc a t l s s o e o r g n t e r f n n s l o u t n fd v t

alg dy d m o sr tn Kr e e ' l ie iv l e e t i t e a j sm e t o t e cam . le e l e n taig u g rs i td n o v m n n h du t n f h li m
D e e da t a k t e Cour t pi r e t e pl adi gs and c ns de t e a f da i be aus ,t e a gue, fn n s s h t o ec h e n o i r h fi v t c e h y r

i de onsr t st a Kru ge coul nothaveco m it d t e vi l to t atca s d Pli tf ' ha m . t m ta e h t e r d m te h o a i n h u e an ifs r Thus Def nda t c ntnd,t e e i no r a ona l pos i iiy t atPli tf c ul r c veragans , e ns o e h r s e s b e sb lt h an if o d e o it
K rueger.

Plitf sorgia petton fld i Ha i Count (he ç rgi a Petton' alege ta anif i n l ii ie n n s y t ç i n l ii ' l s h t o )
Kr eg rc m m it d va i us vi l tonsoft e Texa l s r nc Code and t e DPTA. Def nda t ue o te ro o ai h s nua e h e ns

d no a p a t ds uetev ldt ofc u e o a to a an tndvd a is rn ea j sesf r o t p e r o ip t h aii y a s s f ci n g is i iiu ln u a c du tr o vilto so teTe a I s r n eCo e ( o . 8 a l ) s eas Zlc / M u u l n . .v oain f h x s n u a c d . D c No. t 1; e lo > rv ta I s Co . .
Garion Conta tr' I c,966 S. .d 48 ,484- 6 ( e . 1 98) Nonetels,Dee da t rs r co s n W2 2 8 Tx 9 . h e s fn ns
a g e t a Pl i tf s alega i ns aga ns K r e er a e de i i nt be a s t ei O rgi a Pe ii n r u h t a n if l to i t u g r fce c u e h r i n l tto

c nti s onl c ncl s r r ct to s of t e Te as l s r nc Code wihout na i g s ec fc o an y o u o y e iai n h x nua e t m n p ii a to s t ke by Kr eg r t a a lgedl vi lt d t e lw . Acc r i g t Def ndant,s c a c in a n u e h t le y o a e h a o dn o e s uh pl a i g i no s f ce tt s o a r as na l bass f rt e Co r t pr ditt a Pl i tf m i ht e d n s t u f in o h w e o b e i o h u t o e c h t an if g be a l t r c ve fo Kr e e , heonl no - i e s Defnda t be o e o r r m u g r t y n dv re e n . Pli tf s Orgi a Peii n,howeve ,cla l al gest atispr pe t s sai ed dama e, an if i n l tto r e ry le h t o ry u t n g
i f l d a i s r nc cl i w ih A m e i a Eco om y, Am e i a Eco om y a sgned Kru ger t t ie n n u a e a m t rc n n rc n n si e o

a j s isis r n e cam a d c mm u iaewi Plitf a o tp lc tnns a d t a Kr e e du t t n u a c li n o nc t t an if b u oiy e , n h t u g r h
f ie t f lilhi t s i c m pla c wih t e l w . The Orgi a Pe ii n lss s ecfcwa si a ld o u fl s a k n o in e t h a i n l tto it p ii y n
w hi h Knz ge vi l t d t e l w ,i c udi g,a o g ot e t i gs t a he f ied t f ly qua tf c e r oae h a n l n m n h r hn , h t al o u l n iy Pl i tf ' da age a d t e e or di no cond c a t or ugh i ve tga i n oft e c a m ,f ied t an ifs m s n h r f e d t ut h o n s i to h li al o

fil e auaea da j s t ecam , se rs ne t etu v l eof an ifsc v r dls , n ary v l t n du t h li mirp e e td h r e au Plitf o e e o s a d

4

f ie t pr vi e Pl i tf a r a ona l e plna i n f r unde - om pens tng Pl i tf s cai . a ld o o d an if e s b e x a to o rc ai a n if l m

Unlke, nke anv Liery M utaletal( aus No.409- 855) tec s onwhih Defnda t i Fi lm . b t u C e 1- 3 ,h a e c e ns

rl h a i , eetea to so t ea j se we ec u ldwiht ea to so t ei s r ri te ey e v l wh r h cin f h du tr r o p e t h cin f h n u e n h y
c m pl i t Pli tf de ot s a e tr s pa a e s ci n of is Orgi al Petton s e iialy t o a n , a n if v e n n ie e r t e to t in ii p c fc l o

Kr e e ' wr ngf laci ns Se Pl' Compl!!18- 2. u g rs o u to . e .s . 2
D e e da t ' a g m e t i e s nce a pe r t be t a Pl i tfs' pl a i gs a e fn ns r u n , n se , p a s o h t a n if edn r
i s fi i nty de aied t m ee f der l pl adi g r quie e t . H ow e e , t i a gum e t i of n u fc e l t l o t e a e n e rm n s v r hs r ns

lm ie r lva c t t e c r e t i q iy whet e t e e i a r as nabl ba i t pr dit t a i td ee n e o h u r n n u r h r h r s e o e ss o e c h t

Pl i tf smi htr c ve a ai s Andr w si sat c ur. Se S/E I c v.Zur c Amercan I s a n if g e o r g n t e n t e o t e ' n. I ih i n.

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Rodrgue v Yenawie,55 S. .d 41 ,41 ( e .Ci .App.Ausi 1 77,no wrt (t e a i z. n 6 W2 0 5Tx v - tn 9 i) df x s c urs ha e u he d t e pladi g whe t e t c ni a e e ent of a c us of ac i n, wihout ot v plh e n n h e h c l lm s ae to t

alg to so utm aefcst b p o e , r alg di tepeii n' . le ain f li t a t o e r v d we e le e n h tto . )
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1 w a a ns t e non- i er e de e da t Kr e e ,a d,i pr ve t ue do c e t t e r as na l a gi th dv s fn n , u g r n f o n r , r ae h e o b e pos i iiy t a Pl i tf c ul pr va lon t es c ai s s b lt h t a n i f o d e i h e lm .

The Cour no es t a t i r s l i c nsse t w ih r ce t Sout enz Ditit of Te a t t h t h s e u t s o itn t en h src xs opi i nsi vol i g sm ia f c sa d cr um sa c s See eg. Campos v Ame i an Bank r I s n o n v n i l r a t n ic t n e . , . , . rc es n .

Co o Flrd ,e a . No 1- 0 0 9 , 01 W L 2 4 1 9 ( . . x. u e 3 ,2 1 ) Se b o k . f o ia t 1, . 1 1 - 5 4 2 0 6 0 3 SD Te J n 0 0 0 ; a r o
M arna I c.v Sc tsdal I s Co. --F.Supp.2d -- 201 W L 2383771 ( . .Tex.J ne 9, i , n . ot e n . , -, 0 SD u

201 ) Cr zv.Stndar Guar I s Co.No.1- 0- 352,201 W L 22698 6( . .Tex.J ne 4, 0; u ad .n. , 11 0 0 4 SD u

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dee d n wa n t cual t ea j se wh h da ay e t ecam ) fn a t s o a t l h du tr o a n lz d h li . y
D e e da t nonehees a g et a ,eve i Pl i tf spladi gssae avai c am a ai s fn n s t l s r u h t n f an if e n t t ld l i g n t Kr e e ,t e Cour s o l pir e t e pl a i gs a d c nsde Kr e e ' a fda i des rbi g hi ugr h t h u d e c h e d n n o i r u g r s fi v t c i n s

alg d y lmie r l i te a j sme to P an ifs cam . ( e Do .No.8 a 5 . Th le e l i td oe n h d u t n f litf li S e c t 4) e
a fda i as e t t at Kr e er was as i ned as fe d i ve tga o f r Pli tf s cl i a d fi v t s rs h ug sg i l n si t r o a n if am n i s e t d t e i s r d st on ora outOc obe 7,2008. 1 . Kr e e e al a e t e da a e a d n p ce h n u e ie b tr d u g r v u td h m g n s bm it d a r pai e tm a e f r t e f nci g, r ofng,and r lt d r par , whi h wa be o u te e r si t o h e n o i e a e e is c s lw Pl i tf s de uc i l a ount 1 . He t en ale e l had no f rhe i vol e e t i t e a n ip d tb e m .d h lg dy ut r n vm n n h

adusme tofPlitf scam .I . jt n an if li d

W h t e t pe c t e p e dn s t c nd c a s mma y j d m e ttp a ay i eh r o ir e h la ig o o u t u r u g n -y e n lss
de ii n f rt eCour i isdic ei n.Sm alwood,38 F.d at573- 4. l t i ca e Defnda t c so o h t n t s r to l 53 7 n hs s , e ns a pe rt a gue t att e Co r s oul undera e s c a i quiy bec us t e e a e Sdic ee a d p aor hh uth d tk u h n n r a e h r r t s rt n undiput d f ct t a woul pr cl de pli tf s r c ve y' agans Knlge bec us he wasnot s e a sht d eu an if e o r ' i t e r a e

t e a j se wh h nde t e cam d rn t e tme o t e alg d Te a I s r n e Co e h du tr o a ld h li u ig h i f h le e x s n u a c d
vi l tons The f c s pr s nt d i t e a f da i,how e e ,do not nec s a iy dem ons r t t a oai . a t e e e n h fi v t vr e s rl ta e h t

K r e e wasnoti vol ed i t e compl i e ofco d c . I dee ,a Pl i tf poi t outi is ugr n v nh an d n u t n d s an if n s nt r s o s ,Kr e e ' a fda i a m ist a he i vesi aed Pl i tf sc am a d e e s bm itd a e p n e u g r s fi v t d t h t n tg t a n if l i n v n u te n e tm ae t Am e i a Eco o y,whih t e i s r rl trr le upon i detr i i g t e vaue of si t o rc n nm c h n u e ae ei d n em nn h l

Plitf scli .( e Doc. 9- . Ce ti l,drwig a1ifrnc si Plitf sfvor a t e an if am S e No. 1) ran y a n l n ee e n an if a , t h
ve y m i i um ,t e e r m a ns a ge ui e i s e ofm a e i lf c a t whe he Krue e conduc ed a r nm hr e i n n su t ra a t s o tr gr t

6

r a o a l i ve tga i n ofPl i tf s c ai ,one oft e vi l tons of t e Te as I s r nc C o e e s n b e n s i to a n if l m h oai h x nua e d Pl i tf a l ges a n if le .

Thus e e whe l oki gbe ond t epla i gs t e r co d doesnots ow t a t e e i no ,vn no n y h e d n ,h e r h hthr s r as na l pos i iiy Pl i tf co l r cove agans Knz ge i sa e c ur. The Cour e o be sb lt an if u d e r it e r n tt o t t

a c r i gy c n ld s ta Kr e e wa n t i p o e l j i e i t i a to . As a r s l c o dn l o cu e h t u g r s o m r p ry on d n h s cin eut ,

c mpee dv r i d e no e it a d t i Co r lc s j rs ito . Re a d i te eo e o lt ie st o s t x s n h s u t a k u idcin y m n s h rfr
appr prat . o ie

I. V

A T T O R N EY ' FEE S S

Pl itf ha r quesed t at t e Cour or e Def nda t t pa coss e pens s a d a n if s e t h h t dr e ns o y t, x e, n

atm e ' f e ic re a a rs l o ter mo a p ru n t 28U. . .j 1 4 ( ) Th pli t y s e s n u r d s e ut f h e v l u s a t o o SC 4 7 c . e an
l ng a e of t e sa ut m a es cla t a s c a a a d i dicr tona y. Val e v WalM ar a ug h tt e k e r h t u h n w r s s ei r ds . -t

Str s I c,1 9 F.d 290,292 ( t Ci.1 97 . I dee mii g whehera awad ofcossa d o e, n . 9 3 5h r 9 ) n tr nn tnr tn
a t m e ' f es i a pr pr a e,co r s s o l f c s on t e l ga pr pr e y of r m ova ,notm otve. to y s e s p o i t u t h u d o u h e l o it e l i

1 .Th p o rey o t er mo i gpa t' a t n i e a ie b s do a t b e tv viw o te d e r p it f h e v n ry s ci s s x m n d a e n n t j cie e f h o o
l ga a d f cua ee e t i e c pa tc lr c s . Val e , 1 9 F. d at 293. Furhe ,t e e l n a t l lm n s n a h riu a a e ' ' ds 9 3 tr h

o j ci eme iso r mo a mus be e au td ç ttetm eo r mo a ,ir s e tv o t e fc be t v rt f e v l t v lae s h i f e v l re p cie f h a t a
t ati m i htuli a el be det r i ed t a r m ovalw a i pr pen' I . htg tm t y em n h t e sm o 'd

Dee d n s i ter No ie o Re o a,cam ta Kr e e wa i p o e l j ie fn a t, n h i tc f m v l li h t u g r s m r p ry on d
be a s Pli tf doe notha e a r as na l bass f rr c ve y agans hi i sa e c ur. The c u e an if s v e o be i o e o r i t m n tt o t y
ar ue t a t e f iur ofPl i tf s s at c ur pl a i gs t a l ge s fi i nts e ii f c s asw el g h t h al e a n if t e o t e d n o le u f c e p c fc a t , l

a Kru ge ' ale e l lm iedr l i tea j sm e tofPl itf scli ,fr cos t epos iiiy s e rs lg dy i t oe n h du t n an if am o e l e h sb lt
ofr c ve y a ans Knz ge .Alhough t eCour dia r eswih Defnda t a t t e s fi i nc eo r g i t e r t h t sge t e n s s o h u tce y oft e Pl i tf spl a i gsa d t e i f r nc st a c n be dr w n fom Kru ge ' a fda i,ot e h an if e d n n h n e e e h t a a r e r s fi v t h r

7

c urshave a r ed wih sm ia a gum ent unde dif r ntf cs a d de i d r m a d. Se eg. ot ge t i lr r s r fe e a t n ne e n e ., Ji e e ,201 W L 1 5780 , a * - . Ther f r , at o g t i Cour ha de e ui e t a m nz 0 2 2 t 46 e o e lh u h h s t s tn n d h t r m ova i i pr pe ,De e da t 'flng oft eNotc ofRe ova wasno i pr pe . The ef r , e l s m o r f n n s ii h ie ml tm o r r oe t eCour de i st ePl i tf sr ques f rcossand e pe s s i c udi g ato ne ' f es h t n e h an if e t o t x n e ,n l n t r y s e .
V. C O N C L U SI N O

Be a s Def nda t ha e f ie t esa ls t a Kr e e ,a non- i er e De enda t wa c ue e n s v a ld o t b ih h t u g r dv s f n, s

i p o e l j i e i ti c s ,te Co r lc s dv riy j rs ito . P anifs M oin t m r p ry on d n h s a e h u t a k ie st u id ci n li tf to o Re a d ( o . .6 i GRANTED i pa t ndDENI D wi r s e tt t erq e tfrc ss m n D c No ) s n ra E t ep c o h e u s o o t h
ri y x. a d e pe s s Thi ac i n i her by REM A ND ED t t e 1 3dD i t i tofH a r s Count , Te as n x n e . s to s e o h 3 r sr c

Fi al , heCour a ol gi esf risdely i r lng o t eM oto t Re a d. n ly t t p o z o t a n ui n h in o m n
I I SO O R D E R E D . TS

SI NED a Ho so , x s o ti te/, d yo Oco e, 01 . G t u tn Te a , n hs h . a f tb r2 0 3
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