Elam v. Astrue

Filing 16

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. # 12] is DENIED. It is furtherORDERED that Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. # 14] is GRANTED.A separate final judgment will issue.(Signed by Judge Nancy F. Atlas) Parties notified.(sashabranner, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
JIMMY ELAM, JR.,
Plaintiff,
v.
MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL
SECURITY,
Defendant.

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CIVIL ACTION NO. 4:11-3587

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
In this case seeking judicial review of denial of Supplemental Security Income
benefits, Plaintiff Jimmy Elam, Jr. has filed a Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc.
# 12] (“Plaintiff’s Motion”). Defendant Michael J. Astrue, Commissioner of Social
Security, has filed a Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. # 14] (“Defendant’s
Motion”) and a Memorandum in Support [Doc. # 15] (“Defendant’s Memorandum”).
The motions now are ripe for decision. Having considered the parties’ briefing, the
applicable legal authorities, and all matters of record, the Court concludes that
Plaintiff’s Motion should be denied and Defendant’s Motion should be granted.

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I.

BACKGROUND
A.

Procedural Background

Elam filed an application for Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) benefits
with the Social Security Administration (“SSA”) on February 1, 2007. He alleged
disability beginning on January 19, 1989, which is his date of birth. After being
denied benefits initially and on reconsideration, Elam timely requested an
administrative hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) to review the
decision.
On July 11, 2008, ALJ Gerald L. Meyer held a hearing in Houston, Texas.1
Elam was represented by current counsel and testified at the hearing. A vocational
expert, Norman C. Hooge, also appeared and testified. In a decision dated November
6, 2008, the ALJ denied Elam’s application for benefits.2 On November 6, 2009, the
Appeals Council issued an order remanding Elam’s case to the ALJ for proper
application of Stone v. Heckler, 752 F.2d 1099 (5th Cir. 1985).3
Upon remand, ALJ Meyer held a second administrative hearing on February 18,

1

R. 59-75.

2

R. 82-87.

3

R. 88-91. The Appeals Council ordered the ALJ to “[f]urther evaluate the claimant’s
impairments pursuant to the standards set forth by Stone v. Heckler to determine
severity.” R. 91.

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2010.4 Elam again was represented by current counsel. Both Elam and his father,
Jimmy Elam, Sr., testified at the hearing. Susan Rapart, a vocational expert, also
testified. No medical expert was called. In a decision dated March 24, 2010, the ALJ
denied Elam’s application for benefits.5 On August 8, 2011, the Appeals Council
denied Elam’s request for review.6 On September 9, 2011, the Appeals Council set
aside its prior opinion in order to consider additional evidence and, after consideration
of the new evidence, again denied Elam’s request for review.7 The ALJ’s denial of
March 24, 2010, thus was rendered final.
Elam filed this case on October 3, 2011, seeking judicial review of the
Commissioner’s denial of his claim for benefits.
B.

Factual Background

Plaintiff Elam claims that his disabling impairments began on his date of birth,
January 19, 1989. The period most relevant to this decision starts on February 1,
2007, when Elam filed his application for SSI.
From 1995 to 2003, before his eligibility date, Elam was treated multiple times

4

R. 39-58.

5

R. 19-33.

6

R. 7-12.

7

R. 1-6.

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by Dr. Wisiackas at the Cleveland Medical Center.8 Among other medical issues,
these records contain a notation from 2002 that Elam reported being “weak in [the]
knees” and that his parents were concerned “that he can’t seem to walk like the ‘other
kids.’” Elam was referred for physical therapy.9 Records from 2003 note Elam’s flat
affect and his complaints of knee discomfort.10 They further state “Double knee per
Dr. Katari in Livingston.”11
From 2002 through 2005, also before his eligibility date, Elam was treated at
the Calvary Medical Center in Livingston, Texas.12 The records indicate depression,
flat affect, poor nutrition, weight loss, and some problems in school, among other
issues. For his depression, he was prescribed medications and offered a psychiatric
referral. Records from 2004 indicate complaints of “leg pain” and a referral to Texas
Children’s Hospital (“TCH”).13
On March 22, 2004, Elam was seen by William A. Phillips, M.D., at the

8

R. 386-453, 465-90.

9

R. 394.

10

R. 389.

11

R. 387. The record contains no records from “Dr. Katari” although, as stated below,
Elam was treated at a clinic in Livingston.

12

R. 285-309.

13

R. 290.

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Orthopaedic Surgery Clinic at TCH.14 Elam, then fifteen years old, reported knee pain
and difficulty in walking, getting worse over the past three years. Dr. Phillips noted
that Elam had no history of trauma and was “as active as he wishes to be but he has
pain to the point that sometimes he has difficulty walking long distances, according
to his family.”15 Upon examination, Phillips noted a “slender boy in no acute distress”
with an “unusual gait with a marked crouched component.”16 Dr. Phillips concluded,
“I am not sure what is going on with this young man and the knee pain is a fairly
common problem. He says he has always walked with a crouched gait but I am not
sure why he is doing that.”17 As a next step, he recommended a “screening MRI of
his entire spinal cord” in the next month to check for “a tethered spinal cord or some
other abnormality.”18 Elam acknowledges that this MRI was never performed.
On March 26, 2004, Elam received a psychological evaluation by Frankie

14

R. 453-55.

15

R. 455.

16

R. 455 (“He has no increased tone in his lower extremities but he has bilateral knee
flexion contractures approximately 15 degrees on the left and 10 degrees on the right.
His deep tendon reflexes are normal. He has no intrinsic wasting of his hands. The
spine is straight without dimples, hairy patches or birthmarks. There is no effusion.
There is no ligamentous laxity. His patellas are not particularly elevated. X-rays of
the knees bilaterally show perhaps prominence of anterior tibial tubercle. X-rays of
the spine show no major abnormalities.”).

17

Id.

18

Id.

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Clark, Ph.D., on a referral from the Texas Rehabilitation Commission.19 Elam’s father
reported that Elam was “supposed to be on pills for depression” but that he could not
recall the name of the medication.20 Elam stated that was attending special education
classes at Livingston Junior High School, that he made As and Bs, and that he did not
have behavioral difficulties.21 Clark noted that Elam was cooperative but withdrawn,
avoided eye contact, and had a flat affect. She observed his memory, attention, and
concentration to be fair; assessed his abstracting ability as below average; and his
insight and judgment as poor.22

Using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for

Children—Third Edition (WISC-III), she assessed his Verbal IQ as 73 (borderline
range), his Performance IQ as 86 (below average range), and his Full Scale IQ as 77
(borderline range).23 His academic achievement scores fell in the “deficient” to
“below average” range.24 She assessed him with “depressive disorder,” “mathematics

19

R. 279-84.

20

R. 281.

21

Elam also has submitted educational records from Livingston Junior High School and
from Onalaska High School, from which he withdrew on October 6, 2004. R. 183-85
(Onalaska), 186-93 (Livingston), 310-40 (Livingston).

22

R. 282.

23

R. 283.

24

R. 284.

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disorder,” and “borderline intellectual functioning.”25
On April 5, 2007, after filing his application for SSI, Elam received a
consultative examination from Ryan Holmes, M.D.26 Elam reported that he was
seeking disability because of “lower back problems” and “bipolar disorder,” and that
his “major problem [was] chronic lower back pain.” Regarding his back pain, he
reported that he had been “[t]old that he has scoliosis,” that his back pain radiated to
his legs, that he was unable to stand longer than three minutes, that he could sit for
four or five hours, and that he could not walk more than 50 feet without resting. He
stated that he currently was taking no medication for his mental condition. Dr.
Holmes observed Elam as being “[a]lert, oriented & not in distress” but with a
“[b]izarre affect, staring at floor most of the time.” His observation of the spine states,
Scoliosis of the spine, [t]enderness present over L4-L5 and L5-L6 spine,
[m]ild limits to flexion of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine and
[s]traight leg raise normal.27
His neurological examination states,
Cranial nerves II through XII intact grossly, muscle strength 5/5 all
extremities, deep tendon reflexes are 2+ and symmetric, . . . gait is steady
and normal, able to rise from seated position and squat without
assistance, appears able to sit, stand, move about, lift, carry, hear and
25

R. 284.

26

R. 341-44.

27

R. 343.

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speak without difficulty and [a]ble to walk heel-to-toe and tandem walk
without difficulty.28
Dr. Holmes concluded that his findings were “consistent with scoliosis of the spine”
but that “[b]ack problems do not clinical appear [sic] disabling in nature,” and
recommended a psychiatric evaluation.29 An x-ray of the lumbar spine ordered by Dr.
Holmes was unremarkable.30
On April 13, 2007, Elam returned to Frankie Clark, Ph.D., for another
psychological evaluation.31 When Clark asked why Elam was applying for disability,
“he reported that he was diagnosed with depression by some therapist in Livingston”
whose name he could not recall.32 He also stated that “he has some medical condition
which causes him to become paralyzed” but was “extremely vague” on details.33 Elam
reported that he usually slept during the day and stayed up at night. Clark noted that
he was cooperative but maintained poor eye contact and his affect was blunted.34 She

28

R. 343.

29

R. 343.

30

R. 348.

31

R. 349-58.

32

R. 351.

33

R. 351-52.

34

R. 353.

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stated that she could not assess his memory because “it is believed by the examiner
that he did not put forth adequate effort on the testing.”35 For the same reason, Clark
was unable to assess Elam’s attention, concentration, abstracting ability, insight, and
judgment. She noted that he was capable of personal hygiene and performing chores
around the house. She administered testing resulting in a Full Scale IQ score of 61,
in the mild mental retardation range, but stated that “[Elam’s] test scores are
considered invalid and therefore not an accurate reflection of his intellectual
functioning” because Elam did not put forth adequate effort and “evidenced the
capability of performing certain tasks which later he seemed to purposely get
wrong.”36 She assessed him as malingering.37
On April 8, 2008, Elam was seen by Dr. Robert Woodrome and complained of
depression and insomnia.38 Elam stated that he had a bone disease and a history of
depression, and could not stand straight because one leg and arm were longer than the
other. He showed “no affect.” He stated that he had tried to get a job but was not
hired because he is “deformed,” and was seeking disability. The record does not

35

R. 353.

36

R. 354.

37

R. 356.

38

R. 456-58.

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indicate any treatment recommended by Dr. Woodrome.
On February 3, 2009, Elam received a diagnostic examination at the Burke
Center.39 The examiner noted some depression and flattened affect. He also noted
that Elam and his father “report [Elam] has bone disease that will affect life span, and
has kept him from getting work. This medical problem is not fully understood by
[Elam].”40 He was assessed on a checklist with sad and hopeless mood, but also with
normal thought process and speech, good memory, fair insight, good judgment, and
normal abstraction.41
On January 20, 2010, Elam was assessed at Tri-County HMHR Services.42
Elam stated that he had thoughts of suicide “daily” since age five, but had made no
suicide attempts and did not intend to kill himself. He stated that he has “double
knees” which cause him pain, and that he was a loner and had no friends.43 He was
referred to the Burke Center for outpatient care.
II.

SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD

39

R. 491-507.

40

R. 497.

41

R. 504-07.

42

R. 459-64.

43

R. 461.

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Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure mandates the entry of summary
judgment, after adequate time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who
fails to make a sufficient showing of the existence of an element essential to the
party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden at trial.44 “The court shall
grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to
any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”45 “An
issue is material if its resolution could affect the outcome of the action. A dispute as
to a material fact is genuine if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return
a verdict for the nonmoving party.”46
III.

STANDARD OF REVIEW
Judicial review of the Commissioner’s denial of disability benefits is limited to

two inquiries: first, whether the final decision is supported by substantial evidence on
the record as a whole, and second, whether the Commissioner applied the proper legal

44

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986); Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d
1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994) (en banc); see also Baton Rouge Oil and Chem. Workers
Union v. ExxonMobil Corp., 289 F.3d 373, 375 (5th Cir. 2002).

45

FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). See Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 322–23; Weaver v. CCA Indus.,
Inc., 529 F.3d 335, 339 (5th Cir. 2008).

46

DIRECT TV Inc. v. Robson, 420 F.3d 532, 536 (5th Cir. 2006) (internal citations and
quotation marks omitted).

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standards to evaluate the evidence.47 “Substantial evidence” is relevant evidence that
a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.48 It is more than
a mere scintilla and less than a preponderance.49
When applying the substantial evidence standard on review, the court
scrutinizes the record to determine whether such evidence is present.50 In determining
whether substantial evidence of disability exists, the court weighs four factors: (1)
objective medical evidence; (2) diagnoses and opinions; (3) the claimant’s subjective
evidence of pain and disability; and (4) the claimant’s age, education, and work
history.51 If the Commissioner’s findings are supported by substantial evidence, they
are conclusive and must be affirmed.52 Alternatively, a finding of no substantial
evidence is appropriate if no credible evidentiary choices or medical findings support

47

See Audler v. Astrue, 501 F.3d 446, 447 (5th Cir. 2007); Perez v. Barnhart, 415 F.3d
457, 461 (5th Cir. 2005); Masterson v. Barnhart, 309 F.3d 267, 272 (5th Cir. 2002).

48

Audler, 501 F.3d at 447 (citing Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)).

49

Id.; Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Newton v. Apfel, 209 F.3d 448, 452 (5th Cir. 2000).

50

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Myers v. Apfel, 238 F.3d 617, 619 (5th Cir. 2001); Greenspan
v. Shalala, 38 F.3d 232, 236 (5th Cir. 1994).

51

Perez, 415 F.3d at 462 (citing Wren v. Sullivan, 925 F.2d 123, 126 (5th Cir. 1991)).

52

Id. at 461 (citing Richardson, 402 U.S. at 390); Watson v. Barnhart, 288 F.3d 212,
215 (5th Cir. 2002).

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the decision.53 The court may not, however, reweigh the evidence, try the issues de
novo, or substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner.54 In short, conflicts in
the evidence are for the Commissioner, not the courts, to resolve.55
IV.

ANALYSIS
A.

Statutory Basis for Benefits

Elam applied for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits. SSI benefits
are authorized by Title XVI of the Social Security Act, and provide an additional
resource to the aged, blind and disabled to assure that their income does not fall below
the poverty line.56 Eligibility for SSI is based on proof of disability57 and indigence.58
A claimant applying to the SSI program cannot receive payment for any period of
disability predating the month in which he applies for benefits, no matter how long he
has actually been disabled.59 Thus, the month following an application fixes the
earliest date from which SSI benefits can be paid. Eligibility for SSI, unlike eligibility

53

Boyd v. Apfel, 239 F.3d 698, 704 (5th Cir. 2001).

54

Audler, 501 F.3d at 447; Masterson, 309 F.3d at 272.

55

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Masterson, 309 F.3d at 272.

56

20 C.F.R. § 416.110.

57

42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3) (definition of disability).

58

42 U.S.C. §§ 1382(a) (financial requirements).

59

Brown v. Apfel, 192 F.3d 492, 495 n.1 (5th Cir. 1999); 20 C.F.R. § 416.335.

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for Social Security disability benefits, is not dependent on insured status.
“Disability” is defined by the Act as the inability to “engage in any substantial
gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental
impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be
expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.”60 The law
and regulations governing the determination of disability for SSI are the same as those
governing determinations for Social Security disability benefits.61
B.

Determination of Disability

When determining whether a claimant is disabled, an ALJ must engage in a
five-step sequential inquiry, as follows: (1) whether the claimant is currently engaged
in substantial gainful activity; (2) whether the claimant has a severe impairment; (3)
whether the claimant’s impairment meets or equals a listed impairment in Appendix
1 of the regulations; (4) whether the claimant is capable of performing past relevant
work; and (5) whether the claimant is capable of performing any other work.62 The

60

42 U.S.C. § 1382c(3)(A).

61

Greenspan v. Shalala, 38 F.3d 232, 236 (5th Cir. 1994).

62

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Newton, 209 F.3d at 453. The Commissioner’s analysis at
Steps Four and Five is based on the assessment of the claimant’s residual functional
capacity (“RFC”), or the work a claimant still can do despite his or her physical and
mental limitations. Perez, 415 F.3d at 461-62. The Commissioner assesses the RFC
before proceeding from Step Three to Step Four. Id.

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claimant has the burden to prove disability under the first four steps.63 If the claimant
successfully carries this burden, the burden shifts to the Commissioner at Step Five
to show that the claimant is capable of performing other substantial gainful
employment that is available in the national economy.64 Once the Commissioner
makes this showing, the burden shifts back to the claimant to rebut the finding.65 A
finding that a claimant is disabled or is not disabled at any point in the five-step
review is conclusive and terminates the analysis.66
In this case, the ALJ determined at Step One that Elam had not engaged in
substantial gainful activity since February 1, 2007, his application date. At Step Two,
he found that Elam had two severe impairments: Borderline Intellectual Functioning
and Major Depressive Disorder. He rejected Elam’s claim that scoliosis and “bone
disease” were additional severe impairments. At Step Three, he found that Elam’s
impairments, considered singly or in combination, did not meet or medically equal an
impairment listed in the Social Security regulations.
Before proceeding to Step Four, the ALJ found that Elam had the residual
functional capacity (“RFC”) “to perform a full range of work at all exertional levels
63

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Myers, 238 F.3d at 619.

64

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Masterson, 309 F.3d at 272; Greenspan, 38 F.3d at 236.

65

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Newton, 209 F.3d at 453.

66

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)).

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but should be limited to a simple, routine work environment.”67 At Step Four, the ALJ
noted that Elam had no past relevant work. At Step Five, the ALJ determined that,
considering Elam’s age, education, work experience, and RFC, he was capable of
performing jobs that exist in the national economy, including laundry worker, kitchen
helper, and hospital cleaner. He therefore concluded that Elam was not disabled.
C.

Plaintiff’s Arguments for Reversal
1.

Application of Stone v. Heckler standard

Elam first argues that the ALJ erred because he failed to follow the instructions
of the Appeals Council’s remand order, dated November 6, 2009.68 The Appeals
Council instructed the ALJ to further evaluate Elam’s impairments pursuant to the
Fifth Circuit’s holding in Stone v. Heckler, which holds that an impairment is not
severe “only if it is a slight abnormality having such minimal effect on the individual
that it would not be expected to interfere with the individual’s ability to work,
irrespective of age, education or work experience.”69 This finding of severity or nonseverity is relevant to Step Two of the sequential inquiry. In this case, after remand,
the ALJ found at Step Two that Elam’s borderline intellectual functioning and major

67

R. 23.

68

R. 88-91.

69

Stone v. Heckler, 752 F.2d 1099 (5th Cir. 1995) (internal citation, quotation marks,
and alteration omitted).

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depressive disorder were severe impairments, but that scoliosis and “bone disease”
were not severe.70
Elam argues that, although the ALJ cited the correct Stone standard at Step Two
of his analysis, at other points in his opinion the ALJ cited an incorrect standard that
improperly placed a higher burden of proof on Elam.71 Elam further argues that,
under Stone, this legal error requires remand.
In Stone, the Fifth Circuit addressed the issue of the Step Two determination
of severity, noting with concern that it recently had seen “a number of cases . . . in
which the administrative determination was made against disability at step two on the
grounds of nonseverity.”72 The ALJ who decided Stone’s case disposed of the case
at Step Two, after applying an incorrect standard for severity, and did not proceed to
the other steps in the sequential analysis. The Stone Court announced that, in view of
its “recent experience with cases where the disposition has been on the basis of
nonseverity, we will in the future assume that the ALJ and Appeals Council have
applied an incorrect standard to the severity requirement unless the correct standard
is set forth,” and that remand was the appropriate remedy for failure to set forth the

70

R. 21-22.

71

Plaintiff’s Motion, at 7.

72

Stone, 752 F.2d at 1101.

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correct standard.73 Subsequently, many cases in the Fifth Circuit have been remanded
to the Commissioner for failure to set forth the proper standard.74
In this case, however, the ALJ did set forth the proper Stone standard when
making his Step Two determination.75 In particular, the ALJ stated, “based upon
evidence of record, scoliosis is a slight abnormality with a minimal effect on the
claimant such that it would not be expected to interfere with his ability to work.”76
Elam points to two places in the ALJ’s opinion that he claims set forth a conflicting
standard. First, Elam cites to the ALJ’s finding of “no evidence” to support Elam’s
assertion that scoliosis “causes more than a minimal effect on the claimant and
interferes with his ability to work.”77 This language, however, does not indicate that
the ALJ actually applied a higher standard than that articulated in Stone. Similarly,
Elam points to the ALJ’s citation to federal regulations and Social Security rulings
stating that an impairment is not severe when it causes “no more than a minimal
effect” on ability to work.78 Again, this citation by the ALJ does not indicate that the

73

Id. at 1106.

74

See Plaintiff’s Motion, at 8-9 (collecting cases).

75

R. 21.

76

R. 21.

77

R. 24.

78

R. 20 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.921; Social Security Rulings 885-28, 96-3p, and 96-4p).

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ALJ actually applied a higher standard that set forth in Stone. As stated above, in the
portion of his opinion in which he makes the Step Two determination, the ALJ cited
and applied Stone’s precise standard.
Moreover, even assuming that the cited portions of the ALJ’s opinion could be
construed as applying an improper standard, they do not warrant remand of this case
because the ALJ proceeded to Steps Three through Five of the sequential analysis, and
considered the effects of Elam’s alleged scoliosis and “bone disease” in the later steps.
In particular, the ALJ discussed the medical evidence from Dr. Wisiackas, Dr.
Holmes, and Dr. Phillips, among others, in reaching his conclusion that Elam’s
impairments resulted in an RFC of “a full range of work at all exertional levels but .
. . limited to a simple, routine work environment.”79 The Court has carefully
considered Stone, as well as Loza v. Apfel, 219 F.3d 378 (5th Cir. 2000) and the other
authority cited by Plaintiff, and concludes that the weight of the Fifth Circuit authority
does not require remand in a case such as this, in which the ALJ proceeded beyond
Step Two and considered the effects of the claimant’s impairments at the subsequent
steps of the analysis.80

79

R. 23-28.

80

See Herrera v. Commissioner of Social Security, 406 F. App’x 899, 903 (5th Cir.
2010); Adams v. Bowen, 833 F.2d 509, 512 (5th Cir. 1987); Chaparro v. Bowen, 815
F.2d 1008, 1011 (5th Cir. 1987); Jones v. Astrue, 851 F. Supp. 2d 1010, 1015-18
(continued...)

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Summary judgment is granted for Defendant on Plaintiff’s Step Two Stone
issue.
2.

Scoliosis and Resulting Limitations

Elam argues that the ALJ erred when he concluded that his scoliosis and the
resulting limitations did not affect his RFC or his ability to work.81 He cites to the
ALJ’s holding, which states:
While [Elam] contends he has physical limitations due to scoliosis, a
knee problem and/or because his bone structure is “crooked,” none of
[Elam’s] medical providers has described any functional impairment or
any limitation that has been caused by this alleged impairment. No
medical provider has provided a diagnosis or prognosis or treatment of
the claimant’s alleged physical deformity. Very few entries in this
record support any complaint of knee or back pain made to a medical
provider. . . . While the existence of scoliosis appears to be the subject
of differing opinions, medical evidence demonstrates no limitation in
[Elam’s] range of motion or ability to ambulate, manipulate fine objects,
or otherwise move about.82
The ALJ further noted that the record contained no indication that Elam had sought
follow-up treatment or additional testing, as recommended by medical providers,
which “creates a question as to whether or not the claimant’s alleged bone issues [are]

80

(...continued)
(N.D. Tex. 2012).

81

Plaintiff’s Motion, at 11-14.

82

R. 28.

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a functional problem for him at all.”83
Elam argues that the ALJ did not properly consider evidence in the record
supporting limitations resulting from scoliosis. As support for his argument, he cites
primarily to evidence from 2002 through 2004, which is before the relevant period for
this case. Even considering all of the evidence cited by Elam, he fails to demonstrate
that the ALJ’s conclusion was not supported by substantial evidence.84 Some of the
early records indicate that Elam had difficulty walking, including Dr. Phillips in 2004
who noted an “unusual gait with a marked crouch component.”85 However, Dr.
Phillips further noted that he was not sure why Elam was walking that way, and
recommended further testing. Elam acknowledges that this testing was not performed.
Elam also cites to Dr. Holmes’ examination in 2007, when he stated that his clinical
findings were consistent with a diagnosis of scoliosis.86 However, in the same
examination, Dr. Holmes noted that Elam’s gait was “steady and normal, able to rise
from seated position and squat without assistance, appears able to sit, stand, move
about, lift, carry, hear and speak without difficulty and [a]ble to walk heel-to-toe and

83

R. 28-29.

84

“Substantial evidence” is more than a scintilla but less than a preponderance. Audler,
501 F.3d at 447; Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Newton, 209 F.3d at 452.

85

R. 455.

86

R. 343.

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tandem walk without difficulty.”87 He concluded that Elam’s “[b]ack problems do not
clinical appear [sic] disabling in nature.”
The ALJ considered the evidence regarding Elam’s limitations from scoliosis,
and his assessment of Elam’s RFC is supported by substantial evidence. Therefore,
his determination is conclusive and must be affirmed.88 Summary judgment is granted
for Defendant on Elam’s second issue.
3.

Physical and Mental RFC Findings

In his third argument, Elam contends that the ALJ’s determination of Elam’s
physical RFC was not supported by substantial evidence, citing specifically to the
records from Dr. Holmes. This argument has been addressed above and Plaintiff’s
arguments lack merit.
Elam further argues that the ALJ’s determination of Elam’s mental RFC was
not supported by substantial evidence, and that “Plaintiff’s mental impairments clearly
result in at least a ‘moderate’ limitation in social functioning.”89
In his RFC determination, the ALJ stated that Elam “should be limited to a

87

R. 343.

88

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461.

89

Plaintiff’s Motion, at 18 (emphasis original).

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simple, routine work environment.”90 He concluded that “[n]othing in this record . . .
supports the claimant’s inability to function based upon a limited intellectual
function.”91 In reaching this conclusion, he discussed in detail Elam’s school records
indicating learning disabilities, both psychological evaluations by Dr. Clark, and
Elam’s family’s statements regarding his mental condition and his difficulties in
getting a job.92 He noted that Elam had an acceptable academic performance in
school, and that “[r]esults of testing do not demonstrate mental regardation except for
the last series of tests [performed by Dr. Clark in 2007] where the claimant was found
by the tester to be malingering.”93
The ALJ’s determination of Elam’s mental RFC is supported by substantial
evidence. Even in cases in which the record contains conflicting evidence, such
conflicts are for the Commissioner, not the courts, to resolve.94

The Commissioner’s

holding must be affirmed, and summary judgment is granted for Defendant on Elam’s
claim that the ALJ’s findings regarding Elam’s physical and mental RFC are not
supported by substantial evidence.

90

R. 23.

91

R. 29.

92

R. 26-28.

93

R. 29.

94

Perez, 415 F.3d at 461; Masterson, 309 F.3d at 272.

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V.

CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby
ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. # 12] is

DENIED. It is further
ORDERED that Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. # 14] is
GRANTED.
A separate final judgment will issue.
SIGNED at Houston, Texas, this 31st day of October, 2012.

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