Redmond v. Rivera
Filing
26
MEMORANDUM DECISION & DISMISSAL ORDER. The petition is DISMISSED with prejudice. Signed by Judge Dale A. Kimball on 8/31/2022. (eat)
Case 2:20-cv-00437-DAK Document 26 Filed 08/31/22 PageID.87 Page 1 of 10
THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF UTAH
JOHN REDMOND,
MEMORANDUM DECISION
& DISMISSAL ORDER
Petitioner,
v.
Case No. 2:20-CV-437-DAK
ROSIE RIVERA,
District Judge Dale A. Kimball
Respondent.
BACKGROUND
On June 23, 2020, Petitioner submitted a federal habeas-corpus petition, 28 U.S.C.S. §
2241 (2022), proceeding in forma pauperis. (ECF Nos. 1-5.) Over nearly two years, Petitioner
filed several documents seeking to advance this litigation. (ECF Nos. 6, 8-10, 12, 16, 18, 22-23.)
On November 18, 2021, Respondent filed an Answer. (ECF No. 15.) After receiving two time
extensions, Petitioner notified the Court that he would not respond to the answer as required.
(ECF Nos. 13, 17, 21, 23.)
On June 14, 2022, the Court issued Petitioner an Order to within thirty days show cause
why the Petition should not be dismissed for his failure to update the Court of his address
change. (ECF No. 24.) Petitioner has never responded. On July 7, 2022, Respondent filed a
Motion to Dismiss. (ECF No. 25.) In that motion, Respondent argues that Petitioner's release
from custody moots his challenges to his confinement in this action. (Id.) Petitioner never
replied. Plaintiff was last heard from in this case on April 13, 2022, with the notice that he would
not respond to the answer. (ECF No. 23.)
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ANALYSIS
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) allows involuntary dismissal of an action “[i]f the
[petitioner] fails to prosecute or to comply with . . . a court order.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b). This
Court may dismiss actions sua sponte for failure to prosecute. Olsen v. Mapes, 333 F.3d 1199,
1204 n.3 (10th Cir. 2003) (“Although the language of Rule 41(b) requires that the [respondent]
file a motion to dismiss, the Rule has long been interpreted to permit courts to dismiss actions
sua sponte for a [petitioner’s] failure to prosecute or comply with . . . court orders.”); see also
Link v. Wabash R.R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 630 (stating court has inherent authority to clear
“calendar[] of cases that have remained dormant because of the inaction or dilatoriness of the
parties seeking relief”); Bills v. United States, 857 F.2d 1404, 1405 (10th Cir. 1988) (“Dismissal
for failure to prosecute is a recognized standard operating procedure in order to clear the
deadwood from the courts’ calendars where there has been prolonged and unexcused delay.”).
In determining whether to dismiss this action, the Court applies the factors from
Ehrenhaus v. Reynolds, 965 F.2d 916 (10th Cir. 1992)--i.e., “(1) the degree of actual prejudice to
[Respondent]”; (2) “the amount of interference with the judicial process”; (3) the litigant’s
culpability; (4) whether the noncomplying litigant was warned that dismissal was a likely
sanction; and (5) “the efficacy of lesser sanctions.” Id. at 921 (internal quotation marks omitted);
see also Davis v. Miller, 571 F.3d 1058, 1061 (10th Cir. 2009) (applying Ehrenhaus factors in
habeas case). Dismissal with prejudice is appropriate only when these factors overshadow the
judicial system’s strong preference to decide cases on the merits. DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937
F.2d 502, 504 (10th Cir. 1991). The Ehrenhaus factors are not “a rigid test; rather, they represent
criteria for the district court to consider [before] imposing dismissal as a sanction.” Ehrenhaus,
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965 F.2d at 921; see also Lee v. Max Int’l, LLC, 638 F.3d 1318, 1323 (10th Cir. 2011) (“The
Ehrenhaus factors are simply a non-exclusive list of sometimes-helpful ‘criteria’ or guide posts
the district court may wish to ‘consider’ in the exercise of what must always be a discretionary
function.”); Chavez v. City of Albuquerque, 402 F.3d 1039, 1044 (10th Cir. 2005) (describing
Ehrenhaus factors as “not exhaustive, nor . . . equiponderant”); Archibeque v. Atchison, Topeka
& Santa Fe Ry. Co., 70 F.3d 1172, 1174 (10th Cir. 1995) (“[D]etermining the correct sanction is
a fact specific inquiry that the district court is in the best position to make.”).
Factor 1: Degree of actual prejudice to Respondent. Prejudice may be inferred from
delay, uncertainty, and rising attorney’s fees. Faircloth v. Hickenlooper, No. 18-1212, 2018 U.S.
App. LEXIS 36450, at *5 (10th Cir. Dec. 26, 2018) (unpublished); Jones v. Thompson, 996 F.2d
261, 264 (10th Cir. 1993); see also Auto-Owners Ins. Co. v. Summit Park Townhome Ass’n, 886
F.3d 852, 860 (10th Cir. 2018) (concluding substantial prejudice when plaintiff “sparked months
of litigation” and defendants “wasted eight months of litigation”); Riviera Drilling &
Exploration Co. v. Gunnison Energy Corp., 412 F. App’x 89, 93 (10th Cir. 2011) (unpublished)
(approving district court’s observation that “delay would ‘prolong for the defendants the
substantial uncertainty faced by all parties pending litigation’”) (citation omitted).
Reviewing the docket here, the Court concludes that Petitioner's neglect prejudices
Respondent, who has spent time defending this lawsuit. Respondent has adhered to the Order,
(ECF No. 13), to file an answer, (ECF No. 15). The Answer recites the facts and law, analyzes
the issues, and includes exhibits. (Id.) This apparently took Respondent time and resources--and
for naught as Petitioner has been unresponsive. Respondent later filed a Motion to Dismiss to
which Petitioner did not respond. (Id. at 25.)
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Including preparing its Answer and Motion to Dismiss, Respondent has wasted nearly
eleven months of litigation. To let the case proceed, when Petitioner has not met his duty, may
make Respondent spend more unnecessary time and money to defend a case that Petitioner
seems to have no interest in pursuing. This factor weighs toward dismissal. See Kalkhorst v.
Medtronic, Inc., No. 18-cv-580-KLM, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 215598, at *8 (D. Colo. Dec. 19,
2018); see also Tolefree v. Amerigroup Kan., Inc., No. 18-2032-CM-TJJ, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
195448, at *5 (D. Kan. Nov. 15, 2018) (“Defendants have had plaintiff's allegations pending in
an open court case for nearly ten months, with no end in sight. Plaintiff, on the other hand, has
shown little interest in pursuing her claims or following court orders.”); Oliver v. Wiley, No. 09cv-441-PAB, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92836, at *5 (D. Colo. Aug. 18, 2010) (“Applicant’s failure
to provide the Court with a current address . . . and failure to keep abreast of his case has
prejudiced Respondent, who was forced to answer an Application that Applicant appears to have
no intention of pursuing. While arguably this prejudice is not ongoing, this factor weighs slightly
in favor of dismissal.”).
Factor 2: Amount of interference with judicial process. In Jones, the Tenth Circuit
concluded that the plaintiff had significantly interfered with the judicial process when he did not
answer a show-cause order or join a telephone conference. Jones, 996 F.2d at 265. Though Jones
later argued that the district court could have abated the suit and revisited the status in three to
six months, the court noted that abeyance would have delayed the proceedings for the other
parties and the court. Id. The court said, “In similar circumstances, we have held that a district
court could find interference with the judicial process when the plaintiff ‘repeatedly ignore[s]
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court orders and thereby hinder[s] the court’s management of its docket and its efforts to avoid
unnecessary burdens on the court and the opposing party.’” Id. (citation omitted).
Meanwhile, in Villecco, the Tenth Circuit concluded that the plaintiff had “caused great
interference with the judicial process by failing to provide the court with a current mailing
address or an address that he regularly checked; respond to discovery requests; appear at his
deposition; list any fact witnesses or otherwise comply with the court's Initial Pretrial Order, or
respond to the Defendants' Motion to Dismiss.” Villeco v. Vail Resorts, Inc., 707 F. App’x 531,
533 (10th Cir. 2017); see also Banks v. Katzenmeyer, 680 F. App’x 721, 724 (10th Cir. 2017)
(unpublished) (“[H]e did not (1) respond to the order to show cause or (2) notify the court of his
change of address as required by the local rules, even though his past actions show he was aware
of the requirement.”); Taylor v. Safeway, Inc., 116 F. App’x 976, 977 (10th Cir. 2004)
(dismissing under Ehrenhaus when “judicial process essentially ground to a halt when [Plaintiff]
refused to respond to either the defendant[s’ filings] or the district court’s orders”); Killen v.
Reed & Carnick, No. 95-4196, 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 430, at *4 (10th Cir. Jan. 9, 1997)
(unpublished) (“Plaintiff’s willful failure to comply with [court] orders flouted the court’s
authority and interfered with the judicial process.” (Internal quotation marks & citation
omitted.)). “[F]ailure to respond to court orders cannot be ignored.” Davis, 571 F.3d at 1062.
Likewise here, this Court concludes Petitioner's failure to prosecute his case--i.e., not
responding to the Court’s orders and not replying to the Answer and Motion to Dismiss-necessarily interferes with effective administration of justice. The issue here "is respect for the
judicial process and the law." See Cosby v. Meadors, 351 F.3d 1324, 1326-27 (10th Cir. 2003);
Oliver, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92836, at *6 (holding petitioner’s noncompliance with rules and
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order to show cause shows lack of respect for court, respondent, and judicial process, and
concluding, if petitioner’s case were not dismissed, court’s merits review of petition would
unnecessarily increase court’s workload and interfere with justice administration). Petitioner's
failure to put himself in a position to comply with court orders disrespects the Court and the
judicial process. His neglect has caused the Court and staff to spend unnecessary time and effort.
The Court's frequent review of the docket and preparation of orders to move this case along have
increased the Court’s workload and hijacked its attention from other matters with parties who
have met their obligations and deserve prompt resolution of their issues. "This order is a perfect
example, demonstrating the substantial time and expense required to perform the legal research,
analysis, and writing to craft this document." Lynn v. Roberts, No. 01-cv-3422-MLB, 2006 U.S.
Dist. LEXIS 72562, at *7 (D. Kan. Oct. 4, 2006).
This factor weighs toward dismissal. See Kalkhorst, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 215598, at
*8-9; see also Estate of Strong v. City of Northglen, No. 1:17-cv-1276-WJM-SKC, 2018 U.S.
Dist. LEXIS 211095, at *10 (D. Colo. Dec. 14, 2018) (report & recommendation) (“It is hard to
fathom how failing to respond to orders of the federal district court would not interfere with the
judicial process.” (Emphasis in original.)).
Factor 3: Litigant’s culpability. Evidence of culpability may be drawn from Petitioner’s
failure to file a response to Respondent's Answer, (ECF No. 15), and Motion to Dismiss, (ECF
No. 25), and the passage of time. See Villecco, 707 F. App’x at 534 (10th Cir. 2017); see also
Faircloth, 2018 U.S. App. 36450, at *6 (finding culpability when plaintiff “had been solely
responsible for his failure to update his address, to respond to the show-cause order”); Stanko v.
Davis, 335 F. App’x 744, 747 (10th Cir. 2009) (unpublished) (“For at least seven months, Stanko
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failed to follow this order. The district court ordered Stanko to show cause for this failure.
Stanko made no effort to explain his failure regarding those seven months.”); Theede v. U.S.
Dep’t of Labor, 172 F.3d 1262, 1265 (10th Cir. 1999) (holding plaintiff responsible for inability
to receive court filings based on not notifying court of correct address).
Earlier here, Petitioner showed ability to initiate this case on his own and understand the
need to respond to Court orders. (ECF Nos. 1, 3, 5, 16, 23.) Now, more than four months have
passed since Petitioner’s last filing--with no further word at all. And Petitioner has simply never
responded to the Answer, as required, or the Motion to Dismiss. See Banks, 680 F. App’x at 724;
see also Oliver, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92836, at *6-7 (“Applicant has, without any reasonable
excuse, ignored [his duty to update his address]. Applicant has also failed to show cause why his
case should not be dismissed or provide any justification for his failure to prosecute his case.
Although Applicant’s pleadings are construed liberally because he is proceeding pro se, he is not
excused from his obligations to follow the same rules of procedure that govern other litigants.
Therefore, the Court concludes that Applicant is culpable for his failure to follow the Local
Rules and failure to litigate his case.” (Citation omitted.)).
This factor weighs in favor of dismissal.
Factor 4: Whether court warned noncomplying litigant that dismissal was likely
sanction. In Faircloth, the court twice warned the plaintiff that failure to comply could result in
dismissal. Faircloth, 2018 U.S. App. 36450, at *7. On appeal, when the plaintiff argued he did
not get these warnings, the Tenth Circuit stated, “But he could have received the warnings had he
complied with the local rule requiring him to update his address. Because he did not, the court's
only option was to mail documents to him at his last known address. These mailings constituted
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effective service [under Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b)(2)(C)].” Id; see also O’Neil v. Burton Grp., 559 F.
App’x 719, 722 (10th Cir. 2014) (unpublished) (supporting dismissal with prejudice for failure to
appear especially after litigant had been warned repeatedly of consequences).
Here, the Court stated in its June 14, 2022 Order, “Petitioner shall within thirty days
SHOW CAUSE why this case should not be dismissed because he has not updated his address
with the Court as required." (ECF No. 24.) Other orders in this case also reflected the Court’s
warning that failure to comply with orders would result in case dismissal. (ECF Nos. 2, 11, 13.)
There can be no mistaking the Court’s intentions.
Factor 5: Efficacy of lesser sanctions. Also in Faircloth, the district court had decided
that no lesser sanction than dismissal could be effective when “[t]he court had been unable to
receive a response from Mr. Faircloth and had no way of learning where Mr. Faircloth was or
when he would disclose his new address.” Faircloth, 2018 U.S. App. 36450, at *7-8. Due to this
uncertainty, “the court reasonably concluded that dismissal was necessary.” Id.
Another case upheld dismissal when, “given [plaintiff’s] failure to communicate, to
respond to any notices or the Motion to Dismiss, or to comply with any deadlines, the [district]
court found no lesser sanction than dismissal would be effective.” Villecco, 707 F. App’x at 533.
The court noted, “A lesser sanction would be ineffective because a stay would not have a ‘real
impact on [Plaintiff] in encouraging responsiveness.’” Id. at 535; see also O’Neil v. Burton Grp.,
559 F. App’x 719, 722 (10th Cir. 2014) (unpublished) (“[S]imply because lesser sanctions were
available does not mean that the court was obligated to apply them.”).
In yet another appeal, the Tenth Circuit stated that, though “dismissal should be imposed
only after careful exercise of judicial discretion," it
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is an appropriate disposition against a party who disregards court
orders and fails to proceed as required by court rules. . . . Dismissal
of the [case] is a strong sanction to be sure, but it is no trifling
matter for [a party] to abuse our office by disappearing and failing
to meet our deadlines. The federal courts are not a playground for
the petulant or absent-minded; our rules and orders exist, in part, to
ensure that the administration of justice occurs in a manner that
most efficiently utilizes limited judicial resources.
United States ex rel. Jimenez v. Health Net, Inc., 400 F.3d 853, 855, 856 (10th Cir. 2005).
It is true that, for a pro se party, “the court should carefully assess whether it might . . .
impose some sanction other than dismissal, so that the party does not unknowingly lose its right
of access to the courts because of a technical violation.” Ehrenhaus, 965 F.2d at 920 n.3; see also
Callahan v. Commun. Graphics, Inc., 657 F. App’x 739, 743 (10th Cir. 2016) (unpublished)
(“’The Court has been beyond lenient with Plaintiff throughout these proceedings based on his
pro se status.’”) (Citation omitted.)). On the other hand, “[m]onetary sanctions are meaningless
to a plaintiff who has been allowed to proceed in forma pauperis.” Smith v. McKune, 345 F.
App’x 317, 320 (10th Cir. 2009) (unpublished); cf. Riviera Drilling & Exploration Co. v.
Gunnison Energy Corp., 412 F. App’x 89, 93 (10th Cir. 2011) (unpublished) (“Because Riviera
had filed for bankruptcy, a financial sanction was out of the question.”).
Again, dismissal is a drastic sanction, but the Tenth Circuit has “repeatedly upheld
dismissals in situations where the parties themselves neglected their cases or refused to obey
court orders.” Green v. Dorrell, 969 F.2d 915, 917 (10th Cir. 1992). Dismissal is warranted when
there is a persistent failure to prosecute the complaint. See Meade v. Grubbs, 841 F.2d 1512,
1518 n.6, 1521-22 (10th Cir. 1988).
Applying these principles, the Court concludes that no sanction less than dismissal would
be effective. First, though Petitioner is pro se, he is not excused of neglect. See Green, 969 F.2d
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at 917. Second, Petitioner has ignored this case long enough that it is doubtful monetary or
evidentiary sanctions would be effective (even if such sanctions could be motivating for an
indigent, pro se prisoner). Indeed, there is no way to even know whether Petitioner is aware of
orders at this point. “It is apparent that Plaintiff is no longer interested in and/or capable of
prosecuting his claims. Under these circumstances, no lesser sanction is warranted and dismissal
is the appropriate result.” Kalkhorst, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 215598, at *12-13; see also Oliver,
2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92836, at *7-8 (“[B]ased upon Applicant’s unknown location, the Court
doubts that a monetary sanction would be practical or effective. Further, Applicant’s conduct
impacts both the judicial system and Respondent jointly, and considering that Applicant has
essentially neglected his case, the Court finds that no lesser sanction would be effective.”).
CONCLUSION
Having analyzed the Ehrenhaus factors against the timeline and Petitioner’s lack of
responsiveness, the Court concludes that dismissal is appropriate.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the petition is DISMISSED with prejudice.
DATED this 31st day of August, 2022.
BY THE COURT:
JUDGE DALE A. KIMBALL
United States District Court
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