Prioleau v. State of Utah

Filing 10

MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER TO FILE AMENDED COMPLAINT. See Memorandum and Decision order for Details. Signed by Magistrate Judge Dustin B. Pead on 5/9/2022. (reb)

Case 2:22-cv-00227-DBB-DBP Document 10 Filed 05/09/22 PageID.36 Page 1 of 6

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH
CENTRAL DIVISION

MEMORANDUM DECISION AND
ORDER TO FILE AMENDED
COMPLAINT

BANDELE BAAKO PRIOLEAU,
Plaintiff,
v.

Case No. 2:22-cv-00227

STATE OF UTAH,

District Judge David Barlow

Defendants.

Magistrate Judge Dustin B. Pead
BACKGROUND

On March 30, 2022, pro se Plaintiff Bandele Baako Prioleau, proceeding in forma
pauperis, filed his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against the State of Utah seeking “45 million dollars”
in damages. (See Compl., ECF. No. 5.) As set forth in the complaint, Mr. Prioleau claims that,
as an “indigenous American national and a non-corporate living man[,]” his civil rights were
violated when he was pulled over by police officer Jared Hillhouse “for allegedly speeding[.]”
(Id. at 4.) Thereafter, Plaintiff asserts “Utah State Troopers and [the] San Juan County Sherriff
busted [his] windows and took [him] to jail with no bail for two months!” (Id.)
Upon review, and consistent with the instructions set forth herein, the court ORDERS
Mr. Prioleau to file an Amended Complaint no later than June 6, 2022.
LEGAL STANDARDS
Whenever the court authorizes a party to proceed in forma pauperis, the court may
dismiss the case if it determines the complaint “(i) is frivolous or malicious; [or] (ii) fails to state
a claim on which relief may be granted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). In determining whether a
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complaint fails to state a claim for relief under section 1915, the court employs the standard for
analyzing a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure. Kay v. Bemis, 500 F.3d 1214, 1217 (10th Cir. 2007). To avoid
dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6), a complaint must allege “enough facts to state a claim to relief
that is plausible on its face.” Hogan v. Winder, 762 F.3d 1096, 1104 (10th Cir. 2014) (quoting
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 547, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 167 L. Ed. 2d 929 (2007). The
court accepts as true well-pleaded factual allegations and views the allegations in the light most
favorable to the plaintiff, drawing all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor. Wilson v.
Montano, 715 F.3d 847, 852 (10th Cir. 2013). But the court need not accept the plaintiff’s
conclusory allegations as true. Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991). “[A]
plaintiff must offer specific factual allegations to support each claim.” Kan. Penn Gaming, LLC
v. Collins, 656 F.3d 1210, 1214 (10th Cir. 2011). A complaint is frivolous where “it lacks an
arguable basis either in law or in fact.” Tucker v. U.S. Ct. of App. for the Tenth Cir., 815 F.
App’x 292, 293 (10th Cir. May 19, 2020) (unpublished) (quoting Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S.
319, 325, 109 S. Ct. 1827, 104 L. Ed. 2d 338 (1989)).
Because Plaintiff proceeds pro se, his filings are liberally construed and held “to a less
stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110. Still, pro
se plaintiffs must “follow the same rules of procedure that govern other litigants.” Garrett v.
Selby, Connor, Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840 (10th Cir. 2005). For instance, a pro se
plaintiff “still has the burden of alleging sufficient facts on which a recognized legal claim could
be based.” Jenkins v. Currier, 514 F.3d 1030, 1032 (10th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks
omitted). While the court must make some allowances for a pro se plaintiff’s “failure to cite
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proper legal authority, his confusion of various legal theories, his poor syntax and sentence
construction, or his unfamiliarity with pleading requirements,” Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110, the court
“will not supply additional factual allegations to round out a plaintiff’s complaint or construct a
legal theory on a plaintiff’s behalf,” Smith v. United States, 561 F.3d 1090, 1096 (10th Cir. 2009)
(internal quotation marks omitted).
ANALYSIS
Plaintiff’s § 1983 action identifies the State of Utah as the sole named Defendant. (ECF
No. 5 at 2.) Under the Eleventh Amendment of the United States Constitution, the State of Utah
has sovereign immunity from suits brought in federal court. Sussman v. Weber State Univ., 2017
U.S. Dist. LEXIS 25794, at * 5 (Dist. Utah Feb. 22, 2017) (citations omitted). 1 This immunity
extends to suits brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Id. As a result, Plaintiff’s § 1983 action against
the State of Utah is frivolous and his complaint fails to state a claim on which relief can be
granted.
Dismissal of a pro se complaint however “is proper only where it is obvious that the
plaintiff cannot prevail on the facts he has alleged and it would be futile to give him an
opportunity to amend.” Kay, 500 F.3d at 1217 (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly,
the court gives Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint. However, prior to filing an
amended pleading, Mr. Prioleau should consider these general points:
(i) The revised complaint must stand entirely on its own and shall not refer to, or
incorporate by reference, any portion of the original complaint. See Murray v. Archambo, 132
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Plaintiff does not plead any exceptions to the sovereign immunity rule. See Sussman,
2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 25794, at *5-6.
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F.3d 609, 612 (10th Cir. 1988) (stating amended complaint supersedes original). The Amended
Complaint may also not be added to after it is filed without moving for amendment. 2
(ii) The Amended Complaint must clearly state what each defendant---typically, a named
governmental employee---did to violate Plaintiff’s civil rights. Bennett v. Passic, 545 F.2d
1260, 1262-63 (10th Cir. 1976) (stating personal participation of each named defendant is
essential allegation in civil-rights action). "To state a claim, a complaint must 'make clear exactly
who is alleged to have done what to whom.'" Stone v. Albert, 338 F. App’x 757, 759 (10th Cir.
2009) (unpublished) (emphasis in original) (quoting Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1250
(10th Cir. 2008)). Plaintiff should also include, as much as possible, specific dates or at least
estimates of when alleged constitutional violations occurred.
(iii) Each cause of action, together with the facts and citations that directly support each
claim, should be separately stated. Plaintiff should be as brief as possible while still using
enough words to fully explain the “who,” “what,” “when,” and “why” of each claim. Robbins,
519 F.3d at 1248 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S 544, 591 n. 10 (2007) (“The Twombly Court was

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The rule on amending a pleading reads:

(a) Amendments Before Trial.
(1) Amending as a Matter of Course. A party may amend its pleading
once as a matter of course within:
(A) 21 days after serving it, or
(B) if the pleading is one to which a responsive pleading is
required, 21 days after service of a responsive pleading or 21
days after service of a motion under Rule 12(b), (e), or (f),
whichever is earlier.
(2) Other Amendments. In all other cases, a party may amend its
pleadings only with the opposing party’s written consent or the court’s
leave. The court should freely give leave when justice so requires.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15.
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particularly critical of complaints that ‘mentioned no specific, time, place, or person involved in
the alleged [claim].”’)). Given such a complaint, “‘a defendant seeking to respond to plaintiff’s
conclusory allegations. . . would have little idea where to begin.’” (Id.).
(iv) A plaintiff who brings a constitutional claim under § 1983, must satisfy the personal
participation requirement. That is,
the plaintiff must demonstrate the defendant "personally participated in the
alleged constitutional violation" at issue. Vasquez v. Davis, 882 F.3d 1270,
1275 (10th Cir. 2018). Indeed, because § 1983 is a "vehicle[] for imposing
personal liability on government officials, we have stressed the need for
careful attention to particulars, especially in lawsuits involving multiple
defendants." Pahls v. Thomas, 718 F.3d 1210, 1225 (10th Cir. 2013); see
also Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1250 (10th Cir. 2008)
(explaining that when plaintiff brings § 1983 claims against multiple
defendants, "it is particularly important . . . that the complaint make clear
exactly who is alleged to have done what to whom"); Tonkovich v. Kan.
Bd. of Regents, 159 F.3d 504, 532-33 (10th Cir. 1998)) (holding that district
court's analysis of plaintiff's § 1983 claims was "infirm" where district court
"lump[ed]" together plaintiff's claims against multiple defendants--"despite
the fact that each of the defendants had different powers and duties and took
different actions with respect to [plaintiff]"--and "wholly failed to identify
specific actions taken by particular defendants that could form the basis of
[a constitutional] claim").
Estate of Roemer v. Johnson, 764 F. App’x 784, 790 (10th Cir. 2008)).

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ORDER
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
(1) Plaintiff must cure the Complaint’s deficiencies, as noted above, by filing a document
entitled “Amended Complaint” that does not refer to or include any other document. The
Amended Complaint shall be filed no later than June 6, 2022.
(2) If Plaintiff fails to timely cure the above deficiencies according to this Order’s
instructions, this action will be recommended for dismissal.
(3) Once filed, the court will screen the amended complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)
and Local Civil Rule DUCivR 3-2(b).
(4) If Plaintiff fails to timely cure the above deficiencies according to this Order’s
instruction, the action will be recommended for dismissal.
(5) Other than an Amended Complaint, the restriction on filing motions or other
documents set forth in the court’s May 2, 2022, Order remains in place. (ECF No. 9.)
DATED this 9th day of May 2022.
BY THE COURT:
_____________________________
Dustin B. Pead
United States Magistrate Judge

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