Hutt v. Corrections Corporation of America et al
Filing
122
OPINION AND ORDER Adopting Magistrate Judge's 104 Report and Recommendation granting Defendant Corrections Corporation of America's 83 Motion to Sever Claims and Motion to Change Venue. Plaintiff's claims against CCA are transferred to the District of Arizona. Signed by Chief Judge Christina Reiss on 6/2/2016. (pac) Text clarified on 6/2/2016 (law).
,..li. S. DISTRICT COUR.T
uiSTRfCT OF VERHONJ
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE
DISTRICT OF VERMONT
MELISSA DUMONT, as Personal
Representative for the ESTATE OF
ROBERT DONALD HUTT,
Plaintiff,
v.
CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF
AMERICA, CORRECT CARE
SOLUTIONS, LLC, ANDREW PALLITO,
MICHAEL E. RAPAPORT,
and MITCHELL MILLER,
Defendants.
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FILED
ZOJ6 JUN -2 PH 12: 37
CLERK
BY
lA:YY:
DEPUTY CLERK
Case No. 2:14-cv-209
OPINION AND ORDER ADOPTING MAGISTRATE JUDGE'S
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
(Docs. 83, 104)
This matter came before the court for a de novo review of the Magistrate Judge's
January 26, 20 16 Report and Recommendation ("R & R") (Doc. 104 ), in which he
recommended the court grant Defendant Corrections Corporation of America's ("CCA")
motion to sever claims against it pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 21, and transfer them to the
District of Arizona pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). (Doc. 83.) Plaintiff Melissa
Dumont objects to the R & R's conclusions that severance and transfer are appropriate,
arguing that the Magistrate Judge applied incorrect standards in making those
recommendations. Defendant CCA asks that the R & R be adopted and its pending
motions be granted.
Stacey A. Adamski, Esq. represents Plaintiff. Daniel P. Struck, Esq., Sandra A.
Strempel, Esq., and Jennifer G. Mihalich, Esq. represent CCA. Assistant Attorney
General Megan J. Shafritz represents former Vermont Department of Corrections
("DOC") Commissioner Andrew Pallito.
I.
Factual and Procedural Background.
A.
Factual Background.
In her Third Amended Complaint, Plaintiff alleges that DOC contracted with CCA
in January 2007 to house inmates in facilities operated by CCA located outside the State
of Vermont. Plaintiff claims that in May 2010, Defendants Pall ito and CCA amended
their contract to house Vermont inmates in Florence, Arizona. The contract allegedly
required CCA to "house, guard, and provide all necessary care for certain inmates under
the care and custody ofVT DOC." (Doc. 108 at 5,
~
12.) The contract also allegedly
required CCA to "comply with Vermont law, 28 V.S.A. § 801 et seq. and provide
medical care in accordance with the prevailing standard of care." !d. at 6,
~
19.
In 2010, Robert Donald Hutt, 1 a Vermont inmate, was allegedly transferred to the
CCA facility in Florence, Arizona (the "Florence facility"). Beginning in February 2013,
Plaintiff alleges that Mr. Hutt complained to the medical staff at the Florence facility
about left hip pain, and that had medical staff ordered an x-ray of Mr. Hutt's left leg and
hip at that time, they would have discovered that Mr. Hutt suffered from osteosarcoma, a
type of bone cancer. Instead, medical staff purportedly "inexplicably ignored" at least
seven "Sick Call" requests for treatment, in which Mr. Hutt described his pain and the
effects the pain had on his ability to walk and sleep. !d. at 7-8, ~ 24. Medical staff
apparently concluded that Mr. Hutt did not need treatment for his leg and hip pain
because he could perform activities of daily living. As a result, they only prescribed
Ibuprofen for his pain. After Mr. Hutt's alleged repeated requests for treatment, an
unnamed physician at the Florence facility examined Mr. Hutt and recommended that he
undergo a magnetic resonance imaging examination. Plaintiff asserts that CCA ignored
this recommendation.
On November 27, 2013, Mr. Hutt's femur broke while he was standing in his cell.
Mr. Hutt was transported to a nearby hospital for emergency surgery in which femur
abnormalities were allegedly "obvious on sight." Id. at 9,, 31. On December 3, 2013,
Mr. Hutt returned to the Florence facility, where he was confined to a wheelchair because
1
Plaintiff Melissa Dumont is the executrix of Mr. Hurt's estate.
2
of a wound from the surgery on his thigh. After his return to the Florence facility, Mr.
Hutt allegedly routinely suffered from poor medical care, including allegedly being
"forced to sleep in his wheelchair[,]" and "forced to maintain IV lines for days on end[.]"
!d. at 10, ~~ 38, 41. Plaintiff further alleges that in order to have a bed and a mattress, he
had to leave the medical unit and return to his cell in the general population. She asserts
that CCA and its employees failed to provide Mr. Hutt with physical therapy after his
surgery and, as a result, he developed deep vein thrombosis, requiring additional surgery.
On December 5, 2013, Mr. Hutt was diagnosed with osteosarcoma. CCA and its
employees allegedly did not advise Mr. Hutt of the cancer diagnosis or authorize
chemotherapy treatment until January 14, 2014. On January 28, 2014, Mr. Hutt began
chemotherapy.
In March 2014, Mr. Hutt was transferred to Southern State Correctional Facility in
Springfield, Vermont (the "Springfield facility"). There, Mr. Hutt was under the medical
care of Defendant Correct Care Solutions, LLC ("CCS"), and its employees Defendants
Dr. Michael Rapaport and Dr. Mitchell Miller (collectively, the "Vermont Defendants").
DOC allegedly contracted with CCS "to provide comprehensive health care to Vermont
inmates in Vermont." !d. at 4, ~ 7. While Mr. Hutt was incarcerated at the Springfield
facility, his tolerance of and reaction to the chemotherapy was allegedly not properly
monitored, causing his feet to become inflamed and infected. Thereafter, the Vermont
Defendants allegedly stopped administering Mr. Hutt's pain medication "without a valid
cause or justification." /d. at 12, ~ 53.
On August 13, 2014, Mr. Hutt was released to the DOC's Field Supervision Unit.
He lived with his sister in Windsor, Vermont until his death on October 27, 2014 from
osteosarcoma.
B.
Procedural History.
On April9, 2015, Plaintiff filed a Second Amended Complaint naming CCA, its
employees, CCS, Dr. Rapaport, Dr. Miller, and Commissioner Pallito as Defendants. On
June 17, 2 0 15, the court dismissed CCA' s employees for lack of personal jurisdiction.
On July 10, 2015, Plaintiff initiated a civil action in the District of Arizona, asserting
3
claims against CCA's employees in that forum (the "Arizona Action"). In the Arizona
Action, Plaintiff alleges that CCA's employees violated Mr. Hutt's rights under the
Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments by failing to properly treat him after he was
diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Her Complaint includes state law claims of negligence
and medical malpractice. CCA is defending and indemnifying its employees in the
Arizona Action.
On November 17, 2015, the Magistrate Judge issued a Report and
Recommendation, recommending Commissioner Pallito's dismissal from the case.
Plaintiff objected to the Report and Recommendation and filed a motion for leave to file
a Third Amended Complaint. On March 7, 2016, the Magistrate Judge granted leave to
amend. On March 8, 2016, Plaintiff filed the Third Amended Complaint. On March 11,
2016, the court adopted the Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation, and ordered
nunc pro tunc that leave to amend should be granted for Plaintiffs Third Amended
Complaint.
In her Third Amended Complaint, Plaintiff asserts five causes of action against
CCA: Count One for cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment; Count
Two for negligent medical care and treatment; Count Four for gross negligence; Count
Five for medical malpractice; 2 and Count Six for negligence. Plaintiff also seeks
damages pursuant to Vermont's wrongful death statute, 14 V.S.A. § 1491, compensatory
and punitive damages, and attorney's fees and costs.
2
A plaintiff asserting a medical malpractice claim must file a certificate of merit simultaneously
with the complaint showing that he or she consulted with a qualified health care provider and
that the health care provider has:
(1) described the applicable standard of care;
(2) indicated that based on reasonably available evidence, there is a reasonable
likelihood that the plaintiff will be able to show that the defendant failed to meet
that standard of care; and
(3) indicated that there is a reasonable likelihood that the plaintiff will be able to
show that the defendant's failure to meet the standard of care caused the
plaintiffs injury.
12 V.S.A. § 1042(a). On January 8, 2016, Plaintiff filed a certificate of merit.
4
II.
Conclusions of Law and Analysis.
A.
Standard of Review.
A district judge must make a de novo determination of those portions of a
magistrate judge's report and recommendation to which an objection is made. Fed. R.
Civ. P. 72(b); 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Cullen v. United States, 194 F.3d 401, 405 (2d Cir.
1999). The district judge may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings
or recommendations made by the magistrate judge. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); accord
Cullen, 194 F .3d at 405. A district judge, however, is not required to review the factual
or legal conclusions of the magistrate judge as to those portions of a report and
recommendation to which no objections are addressed. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140,
150 (1985).
B.
Whether the Magistrate Judge Erred in Concluding that Severance is
Appropriate.
In her objections to the R & R, Plaintiff argues that because Mr. Hutt's treatment
in Arizona and eventual death in Vermont are part of a single continuum of events
encompassing common questions of law and fact, severance of her claims against CCA
will not serve judicial economy. Plaintiff also asserts that because CCA consented to
jurisdiction in Vermont when it contracted with DOC, it will not be prejudiced by
litigating in Vermont. CCA responds that there is no breach of contract claim against it,
and the factual commonalties between Plaintiffs remaining claims against it and her
claims against the Vermont Defendants are attenuated.
Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 21, "[t]he court may ... sever any claim against a
party." The decision to sever a claim is "committed to the sound discretion of the trial
court." New York v. Hendrickson Bros., Inc., 840 F .2d 1065, 1082 (2d Cir. 1988). A
party moving for severance bears the burden of showing that "severance is required to
avoid prejudice or confusion and to promote the ends of justice." Agnesini v. Doctor's
Assocs., Inc., 275 F.R.D. 456, 458 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) (internal quotation marks omitted).
District courts within the Second Circuit consider the following factors in determining
whether to sever a claim under Rule 21:
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( 1) whether the claims arise out of the same transaction or occurrence; (2)
whether the claims present some common questions of law or fact; (3)
whether settlement of the claims or judicial economy would be facilitated;
(4) whether prejudice would be avoided if severance were granted; and (5)
whether different witnesses and documentary proof are required for the
separate claims.
N. Jersey Media Grp. Inc. v. Fox News Network, LLC, 312 F.R.D. 111, 114 (S.D.N.Y.
20 15) (internal quotation marks omitted). "As long as there is a discrete and separate
claim, the district court may exercise its discretion and sever it." Rice v. Sunrise Express,
Inc., 209 F.3d 1008, 1016 (7th Cir. 2000).
Plaintiff persuasively argues that her claims against CCA, Commissioner Pallito,
and the Vermont Defendants involve common questions of law, and ultimately stem from
Mr. Hurt's incarceration. However, though it is true that Plaintiffs claims arise out of
Mr. Hurt's incarceration, those claims do not present common questions of fact against
the two groups of defendants. SeeN Jersey Media Grp., 312 F.R.D. at 115 (noting that
"[c]ourts have severed claims ... where the statutory basis of the claims are the same but
the facts underlying those claims are different."). Plaintiffs claims against CCA arise
primarily out of events that occurred in the District of Arizona due to the alleged
misconduct of CCA employees. In contrast, her claims against the Vermont Defendants
arise primarily out of events that occurred in the District of Vermont due to the alleged
misconduct of CCS employees. For that reason, it is unlikely that separate trials would
"require substantial overlap of witnesses or documentary proof." Deskovic v. City of
Peekskill, 673 F. Supp. 2d 154, 171 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Additionally, judicial economy would be facilitated by severance because a trial in
Vermont would likely result in a "cumulative presentation of evidence" with the Arizona
Action. Gerace v. Cliffstar Corp., 2009 WL 5042621, at *1 (W.D.N.Y. Dec. 15, 2009).
Indeed, absent severance, CCA "may be prejudiced by having to endure the delay and
expense of two separate trials" in two different jurisdictions relating to the same
operative facts. Lewis v. Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth., 2000 WL 423517, at *4 n.3
(S.D.N.Y. Apr. 19, 2000). Although CCA agreed to comply with Vermont law when it
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contracted with DOC, Mr. Hutt cannot enforce the contract's terms 3 because, as an
inmate, he was only an incidental beneficiary thereto. See McMurphy v. State, 757 A.2d
1043, 1049 (Vt. 2000) (stating that an individual must be "a third-party beneficiary to the
contract rather than an incidental beneficiary" in order to enforce its terms). CCA's
contractual obligations in Vermont thus do not create a special duty to litigate Plaintiffs
claims here.
Finally, if severance is granted, prejudice to CCA may be avoided because it will
be able to litigate the claims against it and its employees in a single forum. In contrast,
regardless of whether severance is granted, Plaintiff will be litigating in two forums. This
weighs in favor of granting severance because it will alleviate at least some prejudice to
at least one of the parties without imposing prejudice on the other party.
Because the majority of the factors to be considered weigh in favor of severance,
SeeN. Jersey Media Grp., 312 F.R.D. at 114 (noting that severance "requires the
presence of only one of these [factors]") (internal quotation marks omitted), the
Magistrate Judge correctly concluded that severance of Plaintiffs claims against CCA
would "promote the ends of justice." Agnesini, 275 F.R.D. at 458 (internal quotation
marks omitted).
C.
Whether the Magistrate Judge Erred in Concluding that Transfer to
the District of Arizona is Appropriate.
Plaintiff also challenges the Magistrate Judge's conclusion that transfer of her
claims against CCA to the District of Arizona is appropriate, asserting that the Magistrate
Judge failed to consider her arguments that either weigh against or do not support
transfer. CCA responds that Plaintiffs decision to pursue claims in the District of
Arizona negates any argument about inconvenience or deference to Plaintiffs choice of
3
The contract between DOC and CCA is referred to in Plaintiffs Third Amended Complaint,
and forms the basis of Plaintiffs claims against Commissioner Pallito. It is therefore "integral"
to Plaintiffs claims and may be considered by the court. See Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.,
282 F.3d 147, 153 (2d Cir. 2002) ("Even where a document is not incorporated by reference, the
court may nevertheless consider it where the complaint 'relies heavily upon its terms and
effect[,]' which renders the document 'integral' to the complaint.") (quoting Int'l Audiotext
Network, Inc. v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 62 F.3d 69, 72 (2d Cir. 1995) (per curiam)).
7
forum because Plaintiff is effectively requiring it to litigate in two forums, which will be
a waste of judicial and party resources.
"For the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district
court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have
been brought or to any district or division to which all parties have consented." 28
U.S.C. § 1404(a). "The preliminary question under§ 1404(a) is whether a civil action
'might have been brought' in the destination venue." In re Volkswagen ofAm., Inc., 545
F.3d 304, 312 (5th Cir. 2008). The court must then "decide whether, on balance, a
transfer would serve 'the convenience of parties and witnesses' and otherwise promote
'the interest of justice."' At!. Marine Canst. Co. v. U.S. Dist. Court for W. Dist. ofTex.,
134 S. Ct. 568, 581 (2013).
"[T]he party requesting transfer carries the burden of making out a strong case for
transfer." N.Y. Marine & Gen. Ins. Co. v. Lafarge N. Am., Inc., 599 F.3d 102, 114 (2d
Cir. 201 0) (internal quotation marks omitted). "In deciding a motion to transfer, a court
may consider material outside of the pleadings." Mohsen v. Morgan Stanley & Co., 2013
WL 5312525, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 23, 2013) (collecting cases).
1.
Whether Plaintiff's Claims Against CCA Could Have Been
Brought in the District of Arizona.
The court may only transfer an action to another district or division "where it
might have been brought[.]" 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). A transferee district is a place where
suit "might have been brought" when there is "no question of the propriety of venue,
service of process, or jurisdiction of the parties." Farrell v. Wyatt, 408 F.2d 662, 665 (2d
Cir. 1969) (internal quotation marks omitted). Because Plaintiffs claims against CCA
arose out of the allegedly tortious and unconstitutional conduct of its employees at the
Florence facility, the District of Arizona would have jurisdiction if Plaintiffs claims
against CCA were filed there. See Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462,472
( 1985) (observing that a forum may exercise personal jurisdiction over tortious conduct
occurring within or "purposefully directed" at the forum.) As the situs of the alleged
harm, venue is also proper in the District of Arizona. See 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)(2) (stating
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that a civil action may be brought in "a judicial district in which a substantial part of the
events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred"). The first prong of the two-part
test for transfer is thus satisfied.
2.
Whether Transfer Promotes Convenience and Justice.
In deciding whether a transfer promotes convenience and justice, courts consider:
(1) the plaintiffs choice of forum, (2) the convenience ofwitnesses, (3) the
location of relevant documents and relative ease of access to sources of
proof, (4) the convenience of parties, (5) the locus of operative facts, (6) the
availability of process to compel the attendance of unwilling witnesses,
[and] (7) the relative means of the parties.
D.H Blair & Co. v. Gottdiener, 462 F .3d 95, 106-07 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation
marks omitted).
In this case, Mr. Hutt was a resident of Vermont, and Plaintiff chose to file suit
against CCA and its employees in the District ofVermont. The factual locus of
Plaintiffs claims against CCA, however, arise out of acts and omissions of CCA in
supervising its employees in the District of Arizona. Although CCA performed as a
subcontractor for DOC, its connection to Vermont is through its contract with DOC,
which Plaintiff cannot enforce. See Speedfit LLC v. Woodway USA, Inc., 53 F. Supp. 3d
561, 576 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) (observing that "the weight given to plaintiffs choice is
diminished where the operative facts are not meaningfully connected [to] the chosen
forum[.]").
The second factor, convenience of witnesses, arguably weighs against transfer
because CCA has identified no witnesses who might be inconvenienced by travel to the
District of Vermont. See Orb Factory, Ltd. v. Design Sci. Toys, Ltd., 6 F. Supp. 2d 203,
208-09 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) (observing that "[v]ague generalizations and failure to clearly
specify the key witnesses to be called ... are an insufficient basis upon which to grant a
change of venue"). However, because witnesses to events at the Florence facility are
likely to be located in Arizona and unlikely to be located in Vermont, the court cannot
ignore the practical reality that witnesses' inconvenience is likely to be greater if
Plaintiffs claims against CCA are litigated here. See Neil Bros. Ltd. v. World Wide
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Lines, Inc., 425 F. Supp. 2d 325, 329 (E.D.N.Y. 2006) ("The convenience of the
witnesses is probably the single most important factor in the transfer analysis.").
CCA asserts that the location of relevant documents favors transfer because the
majority of relevant documentation is located in Arizona. The physical location of any
relevant documents, however, is of little import given the presumptive ease of scanning,
copying, and overnight shipping. See ESPN, Inc. v. Quiksilver, Inc., 581 F. Supp. 2d 542,
548 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) (observing that "[i]n an era of electronic documents, easy copying
and overnight shipping, this factor assumes much less importance than it did formerly.")
Absent an adequate explanation of the burden CCA would incur in transporting material
to the District of Vermont, this factor is neutral.
CCA is more persuasive in arguing that the convenience of the parties weighs in
favor of transfer because it is now defending itself in two cases based on Mr. Hutt's
treatment at the Florence facility. Plaintiff asserts that it is inequitable for CCA to claim
that it is entitled to a transfer to Arizona after successfully seeking dismissal of its
employees based on lack of personal jurisdiction in Vermont, a defense she argues CCA
could have waived. CCA's employees, however, had no obligation to consent to this
court's jurisdiction. As Plaintiff has pursued her claims against them in the District of
Arizona, she will suffer no prejudice if she is required to pursue her claims against their
employer there as well. "While transfer is disfavored when it merely shift[ s] the
inconvenience from one party to the other, it may be appropriate where inconvenience for
the party moving for transfer could be completely eliminated without substantially adding
to the nonmoving party's inconvenience." JetB!ue Airways Corp. v. Helferich Patent
Licensing, LLC, 960 F. Supp. 2d 383, 399 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted). Because Plaintiff is already litigating in the District of Arizona,
transferring her claims against CCA to that forum would relieve CCA of the
inconvenience of litigating related claims in separate and distant forums without
substantially adding to Plaintiffs inconvenience.
In her objections to the R & R, Plaintiff claims that the Magistrate Judge failed to
consider the current state of the Arizona Action, which she claims is "well into the
10
discovery phase." (Doc. 105 at 5.) The apparent progress of the Arizona Action,
however, further supports transfer because CCA may have to "duplicate [considerable
discovery-related] expenses if the [t]ransfer [m]otion were denied[.]" Supco Auto. Parts,
Inc. v. Triangle Auto Spring Co., 538 F. Supp. 1187, 1193 (E.D. Pa. 1982). Additionally,
because actions involving a "common question of law or fact" may be consolidated
pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 42(a), it is unlikely that Plaintiffwould be "forced to pursue
two cases in a foreign district[,]" (Doc. 105 at 5), as she claims. This factor therefore
also weighs in favor of transfer.
The locus of operative facts "is an important factor to be considered in deciding
where a case should be tried." MAK Mktg., Inc. v. Kalapos, 620 F. Supp. 2d 295,310 (D.
Conn. 2009). "To determine the locus of operative facts, courts look to where the events
from which the claim arises occurred." Costello v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 888 F.
Supp. 2d 258, 268 (D. Conn. 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted). As noted in the
context of severance, the events from which Plaintiffs constitutional and tort claims
against CCA arose occurred in the District of Arizona. Even if the contract between
DOC and CCA can be fairly characterized as the "source" of Plaintiffs claims, the
District of Arizona would remain the locus of operative facts because the contract was
performed and allegedly breached there. See Everlast World's Boxing Headquarters
Corp. v. Ringside, Inc., 928 F. Supp. 2d 735, 745 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) (noting that "[i]n a
contract case, the locus of operative facts is determined by the location where the contract
was negotiated or executed, where the contract was to be performed, and where the
alleged breach occurred."). As a result, this factor also favors transfer.
The relative financial hardship to the parties is in equipoise because Plaintiff, as
the "party of ... lesser means[,]" is already engaged in litigation in the District of
Arizona. (Doc. 83 at 10.) Plaintiff argues that since CCA is a publically traded
corporation with "$74.4 million cash 'on-hand' and $358.7 million available under their
'revolving credit facility[,]'" it would not suffer financial hardship by litigating in the
District of Vermont. (Doc. 90 at 12.) "[A] party arguing for or against a transfer because
of inadequate means must offer documentation to show that transfer (or lack thereof)
11
would be unduly burdensome to his finances." TouchTunes Music Corp. v. Rowe Int,l
Corp., 676 F. Supp. 2d 169, 176 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Because neither CCA nor Plaintiff has supplied the court with documentation
demonstrating that transfer to the District of Arizona would be financially burdensome,
this factor is neutral and accorded little weight.
With respect to the final factor, the availability of process to compel the
attendance of unwilling witnesses, nothing "has been presented to suggest that any
... non-party witnesses would be unwilling to testify. Therefore, this factor does not
enter the [c]ourt's analysis." Soto v. Bey Transp. Co., 1997 WL 407247, at *4 (S.D.N.Y.
July 21, 1997).
As the Second Circuit has observed, "[t]here is a strong policy favoring the
litigation of related claims in the same tribunal in order that pretrial discovery can be
conducted more efficiently, duplicitous litigation can be avoided, thereby saving time and
expense for both parties and witnesses, and inconsistent results can be avoided."
Wyndham Assocs. v. Bintliff, 398 F.2d 614, 619 (2d Cir. 1968). Because Plaintiff is
litigating claims against CCA' s employees in the District of Arizona, transfer of
Plaintiffs related claims against CCA to that forum will serve judicial efficiency and
promote the interests of justice. 4 Even if resolution of the Arizona Action is delayed
because of the transfer, 5 litigating all of the claims relating to the conduct of CCA and its
employees in the same forum will avoid the possibility of duplicitous litigation and
inconsistent results. Therefore, convenience and the interests of justice favor transfer.
For the foregoing reasons, CCA has met its burden of showing that transfer of
venue is warranted, and its motion to transfer venue to the District of Arizona is
GRANTED.
4
Contrary to Plaintiffs contention, if this case were transferred, the District of Arizona would
apply Vermont law to her claims against CCA. See VanDusen v. Barrack, 376 U.S. 612, 639
(1964) (observing that under§ 1404(a), "the transferee district court must be obligated to apply
the state law that would have been applied if there had been no change of venue.").
5
Plaintiff asserts that discovery in the Arizona Action is set to be completed by May, 20 16 and
claims that CCA's addition as a defendant would delay resolution of the case.
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CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the court hereby ADOPTS the Magistrate Judge's
R & R (Doc. 104) and GRANTS CCA's motion to sever claims and transfer venue
(Doc. 83).
SO ORDERED.
Dated at Burlington, in the District of Vermont, this
Zr- ~ay of June, 2016.
Christina Reiss, Chief Judge
United States District Court
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