Leonard v. Electro-Mechanical Corporation
Filing
19
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 4/9/14. (flc)
CLERKS OFFI U.S, ST.
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Chi U nie St t s Di t i tJ
ef t d a e s rc udge
D e e nt
f nda .
l t sem pl e di c i i i a ton, he pl i ifc a m st tt de e n vi a e
n hi
oym nt s r m naton c i t
a ntf l i ha he f nda t ol t d
hi rg st rt Ame ia wihDia lte Ac (
s iht mde he rc ns t s biiis t ADA) 42U. C.jj121 1 11 a t
,
S.
01-2 7, nd he
Fa l a M e ca Le veAc (
miy nd di l a
t FMLA) 29U. C.jj2601265 Thec s i pr e l beor
,
S.
- 4.
a e s esnty f e
t c r ont dee ntsmotonf s
he ou t he fnda ' i or ummayj
r udgme . Fort r s s tf rhbeo t
nt
he eaons e o t lw,he
m oton w ilbe gr nt d.
i
l
a e
Fact B ackaround
ual
The f l ng f t a epr e e i t lg m os f vor bl t t pli if Se
olowi acs r es nt d n he i ht t a a e o he antf . e
Andes n v.Li ryLobby,l , U. 242,25 ( 986)( tngt ta1e de emus be
ro
be t
nc.477 S.
51
noi ha 1 vi nc
t
c n tu di telg t s fv rb et tepat o p sngs mmayj d me t.
o sr e n h ih mo t a o a l o h ry p o i u r u g n)
F o Ap i 8 2 0 u tl ul l , 1 HaodE. o adwa e o e a aj ntrfr
r m rl , 0 2 ni J y 2 20 2, r l Le n r s mply d s a io o
El to- e ha ca Cor rton( e to) ama a trngc
ecr M c ni l poai Elcr , nufcu i ompa he dquatrd i Brsol
ny a ree n it ,
V igi a. Le r sprm a y d i i l d e pt ng tas ca , c ng up t a h i t
r ni
ona d' i r utes nc ude m yi r h ns pi ki
r s n he
com pany par ng l ,cl ng up br
ki ot eani
oken gl sweepi t si al ,vacuum i t ent yway,
ass,
ng he dew ks
ng he r
and s rppi and waxi t foor
t i ng
ng he l s.
Leonar suf er f om degener i di di eas Durng hi perod ofem pl entw ih
d f sr
atve sc s e.
i
s i
oym
t
El c r t sc ton pe i c ly r ule i pa n t l r - , w hi h va i d i s ve iy. Le r
e t o, hi ondii
rodi a l es t d n i i a e ups ' c r e n e rt
t
'
ona d
Andls i ,ç c inalyIha afae- W he ve Ido,lha t stdown
agdl i aso l ve lr up.
oc
ne r
ve o i
fr u t miu eo t , y efv miu e , n l e u a dIm fne Goba kt
o j s a n t rwo ma b i e n ts a d g t p n ' i .
c o
W 0F '
k'
A nd t tw a a 1t twass i
ha s l ha
a d.
Le r D e at1
ona d p. 35.
On t a t r n ofJ 6, 2,De rs nta e a l o Hugg nsa St lngsr ga d ng
he fenoo
une 201
wa e n m i t
i nd oli e r i
hi c
s onve s ton wih Leona d. Thee alsae asf lw s
r ai
t
r
m i tt d olo :
Thi m or ng H a o d p l m e a i a as a tm y pr vi usbac i s ss
ni
r l uled
s de nd ked bou
e o
k s ue
r e ng t m y s ne s r r s e 20 ye r a
ef ni o
pi u ge y om
a s go. Ha ol r l ed t the w a
r d e ay ha
s
havi ba k is ofhi o n - m or s c fc ly t the had S ge r tng' di ks
ng c s ues
s w
e pe ii a l ha
û ne a i ' s
de
a bc si hi l rba
nd me n s owe ck. He saed t tt swasc i hi pa n whenhe
t t ha hi
ausng m i
lf e t t as c nst e pt t m . He t n s i t tt spa n w o d c us hi t
i t d he r h a o m y he
he a d ha hi i ul a e m o
sta r tf 5 t 1 m i e a tr whi h he woul f e be t rand c d con i
i nd es or o 0 nut s fe
c
d e l te
oul
tnue
hi w or Fi ly henot d t sw asaconsan i s hew asde lng w ih a Im a
s k. na l
e hi
t t s ue
ai
t nd
y
s e hi f e n l C e tng.
e m r que ty t s i '
r
'
A tt spoi , ha c e nsw ih hi be ng on t foora hi a lt t do t
hi nt 1 ve onc r
t m i
he l
nd s biiy o
he
j i t s -f hi s ft a welbengaswela t tofot r.
ob n he hop or s aey nd l i
l s ha
hes
Pl as l tm e know i you ha a q s i r ga di t s dicus i n.
e ee
f
ve ny ue tons e r ng hi s s o
Le r D e Ex.1l
ona d p.
.
Folo nghi conve s to wih De r Leona d f
l wi
s
r ai n t wa ,
r oundt e m e a bal bea i i t
hr e t l l rngs n he
botom ofone oft tas ca t the w asr s
t
he r h ns ha
e pons bl f dum pi
i e or
ng. Leona d D e a 1 - .
r
p. t 60 61
Hes wedt bea i st a he e oye ,Alr d Du y,who e tma e t tt y weghe
ho
he rng o not r mpl e fe
t
si t d ha he
i d
a oxi tl t t t nt pou . Dut De .a !9.
ppr maey en o we y nds
y cl t
On J 7, 2,Huggi a H a rs m e wih Le r r r ng t m ed c li s he
une 201
ns nd r i t t ona d ega di he
i a s ues
r pored t D e a . Le r D e a 1 45. The a s d Le r t tEl c r ha s hedul d
e t o w r
ona d p. t 44y dvi e ona d ha e to d c
e
a i pe ntme c le mi ton(M E)wih a o t pe s onJ 29, 2,a t the
n nde nde
dia xa nai 1
t n rho dit une 201 nd ha
coul notr ur t w or untlafert exam i ton had been conduct
d
et n o
k i t he
na i
ed.
l a l t e da ed J 8,201 H ugg nsa s d Leona d t tEl c r w oul be ha i hi
n e t r t une
2,
i dvi e
r ha e t o
d
ndlng s
a enc unde t co pa s FM LA polcy, ha hi FM LA l a w oul c m e e on J 13,
bs e
r he m ny'
i t t s
e ve
d om nc
une
4
201 a t the had f w e ksofFM LA l a r a ni
2, nd ha
our e
e ve em i ng. Leona d D e Ex.9. D u i hi
r
p.
r ng s
de ii Le r t s ii d t the di no r c l r c vi t sl te . Le r D e a 1
pos ton, ona d e tfe ha
d t e a l e ei ng hi e t r
ona d p. t 47.
On J l1 20 1 Leona d m e w ih Huggi a r quesed f t re a ton ast w hy
une , 2,
r
t t
ns nd e
t ur he xpl na i
o
he ha bee t ke outofw or They di c s d t rpr vi m ee i w ih H a s butHuggi
d na n
k.
s us e hei e ous
tng t
ni ,
ns
de lne iom iedownwha ghe tl da . L.a 1 Shepr dedLe r wih
ci d t t
t
t t yl ake bout' d t 49.
' a
ovi
onad t
FM LA a ors t e m dia lt pa r or f D r Fi h t co pl t . Le r s e nty
nd/ hor t r s biiy pe w k or . nc o m e e
ona d ubs que l
rpore t tDr Fi h woul no c
e td ha . nc
d t ompl t t pa r k bec us Le r ha be n i elas d t
ee he pe wor
a e ona d d e i e e o
r
go bac t w or ' 1 a 1 50.
k o
k. d. t 49'
Pr o t t 1 E a
i r o he M ppoi t e on J 29, 2, ugg nsca l d Leona d a l f hi
n m nt une 201 H i
le
r nd e t m
m e s ge r m i ng hi a
s a s e ndi
m boutt a nt e t Le r di notr s
he ppoi m n . ona d d
e pond t t m e s ge ,
o he s a s
a a f t a nt en ,orr t n t w or H i FM LA l a e r d on J y 1 201
ppe r or he ppoi m t
e ur o
k. s
e ve xpi e
ul 0, 2,
H uggi D e a 38.
ns p. t
On J y 1 201 H uggi i s d a l te t r i tng Leona d' em pl ym e w ih El c r
ul 2, 2,
ns s ue e t r e m na i
r s
o nt t e to.
The l te i l d t f l w i e a ton:
e t r nc ude he olo ng xpl na i
Thi l te i t a s you t tyou e pl e w ih El c r M ec ni a
s e t r s o dvi e
ha
r m oym nt t e t o- ha c l
Co por ton i t r i t e f tve J y 1 201 Thi i t r ul ofyourf itr
r a i s e m na ed f ec i ul 2, 2.
s s he es t
a lle
t ke p i c ac w ih El c r M ec ni lCor a i ke p us upda e on your
o e n ont t t e t o- ha ca
por ton, e
td
m e ca c
di l ondii n, e yo s dul d a i m e f t i pe ntm e c
to ke p ur che e ppo nt nt or he nde nde
di al
e m i ton, nd t r t n t m es a Iha l f f you. Y ourFM LA hasnow
xa na i a o e ur he
s ges ve e t or
ex r d.
pie
Leona d Dep,Ex.1 Prort t i s nc oft l te ,
r
3. i o he s ua e he e t r Leona d r t ne c
r e ai d ouns la a i f
e nd ppled or
une pl en be is
m oym t neft .
ProceduralH i orv
st
O n or aboutA ugus 3,2012,Leonar fl a charge ofdi i i i w ih t Equal
t
d ied
scrm naton t he
Empl ntOpporuniyCommison(
oyme
t t
s i EEOC) algi t tElcr dici nae a ns hi i
, le ng ha e to srmi td gai t m n
5
vi a i oft AD A . Ther a t r t EEO C i s d a r g -o- ue l ter A lho h t l ter
ol ton he
e f e , he
s ue i ht t s e t . t ug he e t
i c t st ti w a m a l d t Leona d' a t ne on Dec m ber 1 201 t e l pe c ai ng
ndi a e ha t s ie o
r s tor y
e
0, 2, he nve o ont ni
t l te w asnotposm a ke untlD e e be 27,201
he e t r
t r d i cm r
2.
On M a c 28,20l Leona d tl d t i t nta ton c ai i t tEl c r vi a ed hi
rh
3,
r i e he ns a c i l m ng ha e t o ol t
s
r g st de t AD A a t FM LA . Folo i t co pl ton ofdi co r El to m ove f
i ht m r he
nd he
l w ng he m e i
s ve y, ec r
d or
s mmayj d me t Th c u t l ah aigo temoino M ac 7, 01 Th moinh s
u r u g n . e o r hed e rn n h to n rh 2 4. e to a
been f l bri ed and i rpe f r ew .
uly ef
s i or evi
Standard ofR evi w
e
An a r o s mmayj g n i a p o rae'ftemo a t h wsta t r i n
wad f u r ud me t s p r p it ç h v n s o h t hee s o
i
g n i ds t a t a ymaeil a ta dt emo a ti e t ldt j d me ta amatro lw.
e une ipue s o n tra fc n h v n s ni e o u g n s t f a '
t
e
'
Fe R.Ci P. a . l deemi ngwhehe t grntamotonf s
d. v. 56() n tr ni
t ro a
i or ummayj
r udgme tt c t
n,he our
m us vi t r co d i t lghtm os f r bl t t non- ova . A nde s 477 U . a 255.
t ew he e r n he i
t avo a e o he
m nt
r on,
S. t
Towih tn as mmayj d me t to ,h n n mo a t t r d c s fce t vd n efo
t sa d u r u g n mo in t e o - v n mus p o u e ufiin e ie c r m
wh c ar a o a l j r c u dr tr av r itnhi fv r I . t 48 t n ls r o
ih e s n be u y o l eu n ed c i s a o . d a 2 . s cu oy r
co
s ultvealgai dono s fc ,nordoe a' r s nil ofe de i s
pec ai le tons
t ufie
s mee citla vi nce'n uppor of(he
t t
non- nts ca e' Thomps v. o cElc. rCo.31 F. 645,649( hCi.
mova 'j s .'
on Potma e Powe , 2 3d
4t r 2002)
( tngPhilpsv. Tr ns .I ,1 F. 285, ( h Ci.1 );s ealoBet v. w
quoi
li CSX a p. nc. 90 3d
287 4t r 999 ) e s ts Ne
CateYout De Ct.621F. 249,252( Ci.201 )(çsle es pi onsaei ufi e t
sl
h v. r,
3d
3d r 0 'l jr us ci r ns fcint o
o ec meamoinf rs mmayj d me t'.
v ro
to o u r u g n .)
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Di cuss on
s i
Pl ntf s cl m sunder t A D A
ai if' ai
he
Leonar alegest El r vi at t A DA by dem andi t he s i t an
d l
hat ect o ol ed he
ng hat ubm t o
i
ndepe ntm e c e m i ton. Le r a s a l ge t the w a t r i t d be us ofhi
nde
di al xa na i
ona d l o le s ha
s e m na e ca e
s
6
di abiiy,i vi a i oft A DA . Fort f l i r as , he c tc ude t tbo h
s lt n ol ton he
he olow ng e ons t our oncl s ha t
cl m s ar w ihoutm ert.l
ai
e t
i
Independentm edi exam i i cl m
cal
nat on ai
TheADA pr bisanemplye fom û srmi ti a i taq lte i vi on
ohi t
o r r k ci nagng) gans uaiid ndi dual
di
teb sso d sblt i r g r t j b a pl ainp o e u e ,h hrn , d a c me t o
h a i f ia ii n e ad o o p i to r c d r s t e ii g a v n e n , r
y
c
d shag o e o e s e ly ec mp n ai n j btan n , n oh rtr , o d t ns a d
ic r e f mply e , mpo e o e s to ,o rii g a d t e ems c n ii , n
o
prvie ofe oyme . 42U. C.j1 1 a. Thi pr biin a i tds i nain
i lges mpl nt'
'
S. 21 2()
s ohi to gans icrmi to
i l sc ran l dia e mi to a i re .' 42U. C.j 1 1 d () Onc an
ncude e ti c c l xa nains nd nquiis'
me
S.
21 2() 1.
e
e pl e ha bee hied,a e pl rc nnotr uie t e pl
m oye s n r
n m oye a
eq r he m oyee t unde go am edi a
o
r
cl
e mi tonk e ss he nai . .ss
xa nai i s uc xnmi ton . i hownt bej b-eae a consse wihbusnes
unl
o o r ltd nd
itnt t i s
ne esiy. 42U. C.j1 11 d)4)A) Gf ei eprttveg dei st t ADA e ai t t
c st '
'
S. 2 2( ( ( . t' ntr eai ui lne o he
-h
xpl n ha
ghi pr sonjwasi e dt prve a i tk dialt t a i uii t tdonotsr ea
t s ovii
ntnde o e nt gans me c ess nd nq res ha
ev
lgii t busne spur e.' EEOC v.Pr vo' Fa l Ma kesl ,1 F. 1 1 (t
e tmae i s pos ''
e s miy r t nc. 35 3d 089, 094 6h
Ci.1 )( i 29C. R. .1 0, x 1 1 b).
r 998 quotng
F. pt 63 App' 630.3( )
Re yi on t i e r t tve gui i i s d by t EEO C,
l ng he nt p e a i
delnes s ue
he
coursha i ntfe s ve a
t ve de i i d e r l
pe m i s bl g oundsf r ques i a m e ca e m i ton. A sr l va i t i t n c e, ur s
r si e r
or e
tng
di l xa na i
e e nt n he ns a t as co t
ha eh l ta a e l y rsr q etf rame ia e a n to ij b rltda dc n itn wih
v ed h t n mp o e ' e u s o
dc l x miai n s o -eae n o sse t t
bus ne sne es iy w he a e pl rha a r as bl ba i t be i ve t ta e pl e' m e c l
i s c st
n n m oye s e ona e s s o le ha n m oye s di a
1l lghtoft cour' r i on t mert oft pl ntf sADA cl m s t cour need not
ni
he
ts ulngs he is he ai if'
ai , he
t
addr sst def
e he endantsar e t t wer nottmel fl
' gum nt hat hey e
i y ied.
7
2
c n iinwilmp i h sa l yt p ro m t e sn ilfn to o hsj b. Se Po trv. S.
o dto l i ar i bit o ef r he se ta u cins f i o
i
e re U.
Al
umowedCo. 1 F. 243,246(t Ci.1 7)( cin 1 1 d)4)tt r t e o st
l , 25 3d
4h r 99 Se to 21 2( ( tpemis mplyer o
ma i re orr quieme c lexa nains(ines f d ye ms whe t r i anee t
ke nquiis e r dia mi to tt s or ut xa ) n hee s
do
d tr newheh ra e o e i sil bl t p ro m t e s nil u cin o h so j b')
eemi
te n mply e s tla e o ef r he se t f n to s f i r o .'
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tat ha
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e l y ec np ro m j b rltdd te wh ntee ly r a ie tf lgtmae
mp o e a ef r o -eae uis e h mpo e c n d niy e ii t,
non- s rmi tr r onst doub t e oye sc pact t pef m hi o he d i ....)
dici nao y eas o
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u t r ei g h sc l xa n to v n f h x miain g t icos ehe t e
f
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mpl ee s sbld he xtnt ny s biiy.' itr l iains nd uoai
)
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te .
Th d tr n to o wh t e arq ie me ia e a n to i j b-eae a dc n itn
e eemiain f eh r e urd dc l x mi ai n s o r ltd n o sse t
wihbusnes ne esiyi a ç jci i uiy.' Pe ev.Te c Aut i Opeai Co.
t i s c st s n i e tve nq r ' nc
ob
nnç o omotve rtng .
l ,1 F. x808,81 ( hCi.
nc, 69 App'
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mplye e e t n c o dain. n n Da y e pe t , 6 Ap x 7 9 6h
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j 63 l c)
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n
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mpl rs ubeci
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r'f e rng n xami ton. d. nsea t ur
nee onl de de w he hert r r m en w a l uppored by e de t twoul C a e a
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ror ng s ob.'
N e s v.
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S. s .
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a
* ( . N. J n.1 2002)( tngSulva 1 F. a 811.
7 M D. C. a 7,
quoi li n, 97 3d t )
Upon r vi w oft r c d, he c ur c l st tt i pende m e ca e m i ton
e e
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nt di l xa na i
a i s s ts i d t s s a r A tt tm e Le na d wasor r t unde go t e
t s ue a i fe hi t nda d.
he i
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El to ha r c ve s em i l c lc i opi ons f om Leo r st e tng phys c a Dr
ec r d e ei d e ng y onfi tng ni
r
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t
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ona d p.
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senta j unci .
n s d t r'
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t
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D r Fi h es i a e t tLe r m ay expe i e ta e upsonce ort i e a m ont t tw oul
. nc tm t d ha ona d
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ks a er
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D ew art the had been di
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Huggi a M i St lngs a e es e c e n r ga di Le r sa lt t s ey pe f
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e
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ton rodi a l f e t d s biiy o
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wihDe r Se e. ,Le r De a 111(ç s i ( ca i ly,i ma faeupa whe i
t wa . e. g. onad p. t
' ad, Oc sonal t y lr
l
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ght ve o i
or e
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)
ma nc
n r ealtebt n ma eih l ra b d. . An s 1dst o i Bra ' o fc te ef r u t
ev i l ia d k t u' e l a . . d o, ' id wn n in s fie h r o j s
t
t
afw mi es The Id ge ba kupa g t wor ' .
e nut . n ' t c
nd o o k.)
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U nde t e c r um s a s t c tco ude t tEl t o ha r s na e c us t
r hes ic t nce , he our ncl s ha ec r d ea o bl a e o
q e to wheh rLe nadc u dsil e fr t ee s nilu to o h s o . Th me efc t a
u si n te o r o l tlp rom h se ta fncins f ij b e r a th t
Le n r beiv dt t ewa sil a beo p ro mi gt ee s nil'n to o hsj b, rta
o a d le e ha h s tlc pa l f ef r n h s e ta f cins f i o o h t
u
h c n iu dt p ro m hij bi s t o t panta h e p re c d i smpy: trlva t o
e o tn e o ef r s o n pi f he i h t e x e in e ,s i l s ee n t
e
no
whehe ghedee nt coul rque tame ca e mi tonunde t ADA. Nelon,
t r t fnda l d e s
di l xa nai
r he
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' s 2002
U. DitLEXI 568 a *8(ii J ms v.GoodwilI .ofEasenNorh Caolna No.
S. s.
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t ri ,
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our x a ne n ohns n:
o
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m oye nnotbe expe t d t unde s a t s pt s orr m ii a i of
ce o
r t nd he ym om
a fc tons
t m e ca c tonsofise pl esa m us be alow e t have s h
he di l ondii
t m oye nd
t
l d o
uc
c tonse m i d by am e ca pr e sonal A ddii ly, n e pl rc nnot
ondii
xa ne
di l of s i .
tona l a m oye a
be e c e t f e e t ne ds ofe pl yee o know ofe pl e com pl nt
xpe t d o or s e he e
m o s r
m oye
ai s
r ltdt j bd te a d e vr n n swi u ipu fo e ly e a d
eae o o uis n n io me t t t n t r m mpo e s n
ho
di gnos i a s sanc f om m e ca pr es i l . The pr s on oft AD A
a
tc s i t e r
di l of s ona s
ovi i
he
alow i m edi le m i tons f rt e ua i n ofan i vi ls a lt t
l ng
ca xa na i
o he val to
ndi dua ' biiy o
pe f m j r ae fncins. . ovi spr e tont bohe oyesa
ror ob-eltd u to . pr de otci o t mpl r nd
em pl
oyees.
l ( re v. S. umowedCo.I ,1 F.d243, (t Ci.1 ,hec t
n Po tr U. Al
l ,nc. 25 3
246 4h r 9971 t our
de e ne t tt s a em e ofa e pl e' ph i a t tt e pl e i abl
t nni d ha he t t nt n m oye s ysci n ha he m oye s e
10
t p ro e sn il o f n to sd e no b rt e ly r r m rq rn i o
o ef nn se ta j b u cin o s t a he mpo e fo e uiig t wn
s
j b-eae ,i te sfrd t 'e a p ru n t teADA. Th s plitf so
o r ltd din s o u y' x m u s a t o h
f
u , an if wn
opi ont ts i a et pef m t d i ofhe j des t a te .., i
ni ha he s bl o ror he utes r ob, pie dmitd pan,
c
annotba def nda ' rghtt r ques a i ines f d y' e m unde t A DA .
r e nt s i o e
t ' t s or ut ' xa
f
r he
J on,1 U. Dit LEXI 21 a *1 1 ( diinali ena ciai omitd)
ohns 998 S. s.
S 040, t 2- 3 ad to ntr l ttons te .
l r pons t t pe ng m o i Le
n es
e o he ndi
ton, onar e phasze t thi pe f m a e ua i
d m
i s ha s r or nce val tons
we ec it l postvedurnghi t r ofe oy e wih Elc r a t the ne rha a
r onssenty ii
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o -h -o a cd n s Net e o t e eag me t, o v r i s fiin t wi tnds mmay
n tej b c ie t. ih r f h s r u ns h we e ,s u fce t o t a u r
hs
j
udgmen ont sis Coursha rj ce t notont tt busnes ne esiy sa r
t hi sue.
t ve ee td he i ha he i s c st tndad
c nno beme wihouts ngt ta e oy sj pero ma ha s f e a ar uloft
a t
t t
howi ha n mpl ee' ob fr nce s uferd s es t he
e oye sheat pr blms SeeBr i l v.CivofYa ma,61 F. 11 11 ( t Ci.
mpl e' lh o e .
ownted
t
ki
2 3d 40, 47 9h r
201 ( di t ihebusne snec siysa r ma beme e nbeor a e oye swor
0) hol ng hatd
t
i s e st tndad y
t ve f e n mpl e' k
pe f m a e dec i i t e pl ri f e w ih s gnii nte de e t tc d c us a
r or nc
lnes f he m oye s ac d t i fca vi nc ha oul a e
r a ona epes t i r a t whehe a e o i silc pa eofpef mi hi j '.
e s bl ron o nquie s o t r n mplyee s tl a bl
ror ng s ob'
)
Li
kewi e,c t ha r c ze t te pl r ne no wai f a a ci ntt oc urbef r
s ours ve e ogni d ha m oye s ed t t or n c de o c
oe
r quii a e pl e t unde go a m ed c le m i ton. Se K iki h v.M es I po t s nc.N o.
e r ng n m oye o
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i a xa na i
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CV- - 965 201 U. DitLEXI 8060,a *1 ( Arz.Fe 1 201 (i mmon sns
08 1 , 0 S. s.
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t 6 D. i b. , 0) C
co
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s gg sst t ne ly rs o l no ha et watf ra a cd n t o c rt j siytkn
u e t ha a mpo e h u d t v o i o n c ie t o c u o u tf a ig
pr ve atvese .',afd, F.App' 260( hCi. 1 .
e nt i tps' f' 442
)
x
9t r 201 )
Bas on t evi nce i t r or t c ur c ude t tEl c r ha l gii a e
ed
he de
n he ec d, he o t oncl s ha e t o d e tm t
gr
oundst que to w he he Le r w a s ilc pa e ofpe f ng t e s nta f to ofhi
o si n
t r ona d s tl a bl
r onni he s e i l unc i ns
s
p sto a d,h ,h therq e td i e e d n me ia e a n to wa (o -eae a d
o iin n tus t a t e u se nd p n e t dc l x miain s j b r ltd n
c itntwih busne sne es iy,'a r q ie by t ADA . 4 U. C. 1 1 ( )4 ( .
onsse
t
i s c st ' s e urd he
3 2 S. j 21 2 d ( )A)
Acc di 1 , El t o di no vi a e t A D A by r qui i Le r t unde go t e
or ng y ec r d t ol t he
e r ng ona d o
r he xmui ton.
na i 4
Fo te er a o s t ec u t l ga tElcr smoinf rs mmayj d me t t rs e t ot i
r h s e s n ,h o r wil r n e to' to o u r u g n wi e p c t h s
h
cl r
ain.
I.
1
Di m i
scri natorv di charae cl m
s
ai
Le r a s c a m st tEl c r t r i t d hi be a e ofhi di a lt i vi a i of
ona d l o l i ha e t o e m na e m c us
s s biiy, n ol ton
t A D A . I e ua i c a m sunde t A D A t tdo noti vol diec e de e of
he
n val tng l i
r he
ha
n ve r t vi nc
di c i i ton,c t a y t bu de s fi s he e es a i he by t U nie St t Supr m e
s rm na i our s ppl he r n- hitng c m
t bls d
he t d a es
e
Cour i Mc
tn DonnelDouclsCor v. e n, 1U. 79 ( 973) SeeEnni v. tlAs ' of
l
a n. Gre 41 S. 2 1 .
s Na' sn
Bus & Educ. di I ,5 F. 55,5 58( hCi.1 )(xtndi t M c
.
Ra o. nc. 3 3d
7- 4t r 995 e e ng he DonnelDoucl
l
as
bur n-hit shemet ADA c s s. Undert sa oa h,hepli ifmus frtesa iha
de s fi c
ng
o
ae)
hi ppr c t antf t is tbls
pr m a f c e c e ofdi c i i to I a 58. l t pl ntf c n s c s uly s ts y t e e e s
i a i as
s r m na i n. d. t
f he ai i f a uc es f l a i f he l m nt
ofhi pr m a f c e c e, he bur n s fs t t em pl rt a tc a e a l gii a e,
s i a i as t
de hit o he
oye o ri ul t e tm t
nondi c i i t y r a on f t t r i ton. I l t e pl rpr
s rm na or e s or he e m na i
d. f he m oye oduce s f c e e denc
s uf i i nt vi e
3Havi r
ng eache t sdecii , t cour need notdeci whet t ewasany ot valdgr
d hi
son he
t
de
her her
her i ound
f r
or cquesi a i
tng n ndependentmedi exami ton. Nonet es ,t t ext Leonar scomm ent t
cal
na i
hel s o he ent
d'
so
De rc ul b c nsr e a arqu s f ra c mmod to u e t ADA,j 1 l ( ( )A)as
wa o d e o tu d s e e t o c o
ain nd r he
2l 2 d)4 ( lo
ût m isempl s...t make i resorr r medi exam i i nec ar t t r onabl
tper t
oyer
o
nquii
equie
cal
natons ess y o he eas
e
ac
c ommo to p o e s. .'' Ke e yv. p ro PrntnaCo.2l F.d650 65 (t Ci. 00 ,s e
dain r c s . .' nn d Su e ir i i
, 5 3
, 6 6 h r 20 ) e
.
as De ma v. ve TreEx r Co.2 F. x37 ,37 (d e oye ' rqu s f rame c l
lo n n Da v e pe t , 66 App' 7 9 ; mpl rs e e t o
An
dia
e mi to ij b-eae a d c itn wihbu i s n c siywhe . .hee o e rqu t a
xa nain s o r ltd n onsse t t sne s e e st
n . t mply e e ess n
ac
c ommodain . .' .
to . .)
'
4 Leonar alo cont
d s
endst tEl to vi aed t FM LA by r quii hi t under t
ha ec r olt he
e rng m o
go he
i e n e me c l xa n ton. Ho v r ha ngc cl e t tt e mi to wa j -eltda
nd pe d nt dia e mia i
we e , vi on ud d ha he xa nain s ob r ae nd
consit w ih busnessne st asr r by t ADA ,i f l st tEl to di notvi a et FM LA
sent t
i
ces iy equied he
t olow ha ecr d
olt he
b rqu sigt e mi to Se Po tr 1 F.d a 24 ( oli t tarqu se ft s f rd t
y e e tn he xa nain. e re, 25 3 t 7 h dng ha e e td ine s o uy
e a nai whihc
x mi ton, c ompo tdwihter q r me t o t ADA, dn vi aet eFM LA) 29C. R.
re t h e uie n s f he
di ot olt h
;
F. j
8 5. l h)(d a e o rss ro h at c diinma as beads biiywihi teme ni o t e
2 3 2( tf n mplye ' eius e lh on to y lo
l
ia lt t n h a ng f h
ADA ,t FM LA doesnotpr ventt empl rfom f l ng t pr dur f r
he
e
he
oye r olowi he oce es or equesi medi
tng
cal
i or to u e t ADA.)
nf main nd r he
'.
'
o t i pon ,h b r e rt r s ot eplitf t s o wh t ee o e ' a s re u tfc to i
n h s itt e u d n eu n t h an if o h w y h mply rs se tdj siiai n s
pr t xtf r di c i i ton. 1
e e o s rm na i
d.
l t sca e e n a s i t tLeona d c d es a i h a prm a f i ca e of
n hi s , ve s um ng ha
r oul t bls
i ac e s
di c i i t o El to ha a tc a e l tm a e, ndi crm i t y r as f t r i tng hi
s r m na i n, ec r s r i ul t d egii t no s i na or e ons or e m na i
s
e pl e . Spec tca l El to m a nt i t tLe na d' t m i to r ule f om hi f iur
m oym nt
ii ly, ec r
i a ns ha o r s er na i n es t d r
s al e
t m a nt i co a tw ih t c pa hi f iur t a t nd t a nt e f t i pe nt
o i a n nt c t he om ny, s a l e o te he ppoi m nt or he nde nde
m edi al m i ton, nd hi f iur t r t n t w or f l w i t e r to ofhi FM LA l ave
c exa na i a
s a l e o e ur o
k olo ng he xpi a i n
s
e .
Be us El to hascl ary m e isbur n ofpr f rng nondi c i i t y r a onsf ris
ca e ec r
e l tt
de
of e i
s rm na or e s
o t
t nni ton de s on,Leona d m us s
e na i
ci i
r
t how t tt as e t r s ar pr t xtf di c i i ton.
ha he s red ea ons e e e or s r m na i
W hie Leona d a
l
r dvanc s ve a a gum e si a a t m ptt e t bls pr t xt t co tc l s
es e r l r
nt n n te
o s a ih e e , he ur onc ude
t the hasf ie t c e t a g ui i s ofm a e i lf c w ih r s c t t si s
ha
a l d o r a e en ne s ue
t ra a t t e pe t o hi s ue.
Le r fr ta guest tEl to' c a m t the di notm a nt i c m uni ton w ih t
ona d is r
ha ec r s l i ha
d
i a n om
ca i
t he
com pany i ûpr t ousn'gi t he neverr ved t June 8,2012 l t fom Sheri
s l eposer ' ven hat
ecei
he
eter r
e
Hugg ns w hi h r quesed t the ke p t c pa upda e on t sa us ofhi m e c l
i , c e
t ha
e he om ny
td
he t t
s di a
c ton. Pl' Br i Opp. t Sum m .J a 1 Leo r f t ra guest te n i he had
ondii 5 .s . n
o
. t 7.
na d ur he r
ha ve f
rc ie telte ,' r wa n ti a o t iht a v s g e to , te ta ge c n iu dt
e ev d h etr thee s ohng b u wh c o d ie Elcr ) oh rh n h j o tn e o
t
be a e t w or ' l a 1 Bo h a gum en s how e r m i c t ue Leo r s b de W he
bl o
k.' d. t 8. t r
t,
ve , s ons r
na d' ur n.
n
a e pl ra tc a esa l gii a e nondi c i i t r bas sf t r i tng a pl i if t sc t
n m oye r i ul t
e tm t ,
s rm na o y i or e m na i
a ntf , hi our
doe no i i w he he t r a o wasw i e f i ,o eve c r c ,uli a e y,s l asi t u y
s t s de
dec
t r he e s n
s , a r r n or e t tm t l o ong t r l
wast r s frt pl ntf' tr nai ' Ha nsv. psco-nc.203F. 27 27 ( h
he ea on o he ai ifs emi ton.' wki Pe i l ,
3d 4, 9 4t
Ci.2000)(nt na cttona quottonmaksomitd) l ase sngwhehe a e oye '
r
i er l iai nd ai
r
te . n s si
t r n mpl rs
5Assumm arzed a
i bove, t l t alo advied Leonar t Elcto washa i hi abs e
he eter s
s
d hat e r
ndlng s enc
undert company' FM LA polcy,t the ha f weeksofFM LA l
he
s
i ha
d our
eave r m ai ng,a t thi FM LA
e ni nd ha s
l
eavewoul comm ence on June 1 201
d
3, 2.
pr f e r on i pr t xt ,i i t he pe c pton oft de i i m a rw hi h i r l va t' nott
of er d eas s e e ual t s s
t
re i
he c s on ke
c s e e n ,' he
know l
edge ors f assess entoft pl ntf See Holand v,W ashi on H om es.I ,487 F.
elm
he ai if.
l
nct
nc.
3d
208, 7( h Ci.2007)( di t tt pli iffie t s prtxtwhe etheunc ese
21 4t r
hol ng ha he antf ald o how ee
r û
t
ont td
evi ncee tbls dt ...hede ii
de sa ihe hat t csonmake ...ho sl beivedt t(hepl ntfld e v d
r
nety le ha t ai if es r e
t b d sh r e f rtrae i ggn t e e ly e ,e a de sof eh rg plitfjdd i
o e ic a g d o h e tn n a oh r mpo e j r g r ls wh t e t an if i n
he
fc is t t eas';Ti lyv. rtUni Na' Bal 1 F.d435, ( h Ci.1
a t sue he hr t' nse Fis on tl -k, 55 3
)
r
444 4t r 998)
(fimi t grntofs
afr ng he a
ummayj
r udgme wheet pli ifprs ntdS e de et tt
nt r he antf e e e s vi nc ha he
no
e t rc e i t L cii ke 'lafdavi L rluntueort trtlai wa t tue
vens e ountd n he de sonma rs fi t wee r
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ras f ( antf s frng,' e ai ngt tt ç ntsc evi ncee tbls d)t t
e on or pli if ) ii 'and xpl ni ha he k
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(hede sonma r honetybeivedt tg ai ifl e v t bedic ge '.
t cii kej sl le ha pl ntf desr ed o
shar d'
)
l t ei tn c s , o r h sf i dt p o fre i nc fo wh c ara o a ej r
n h nsa t a e Le nad a al o r fe vde e r m ih e s n bl u y
e
c d fnd t tt El c r of i a s r s
oul i ha he e t o fci l e ponsbl f t r i tng hi e pl m e d d nothone ty
i e or e m na i
s m oy nt i
sl
be i ve t tLe r des v d t be t r i t d f f ii t m a nt i c m uni a i w ih t
le ha ona d er e o
e m na e or a lng o i a n om
c ton t he
c pa
om ny. I addii t he J 8 201 l te t Le r Hugg ns c le Leo r on m uli e
n
ton o r une , 2 e t r o ona d,
i a ld
na d
tpl
oc asonst r mi hi ofhi a n me f rt i pende tmediale m i ton. I i
c i o e nd m
s ppoi t nt o he nde
n
c xa na i
ts
undi put d t tLe r di notr pond t t m es a s a a f rt s hed e a poi m e ,
s e ha ona d d
es
o he
s ge , ppe r o he c ul d p nt nt or
r t n t w or l t a Le r el c e t c s f t rc m uni to w ih El cto a
e ur o
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ca i ns t e r nd
pur ue unem pl e be ft . On t sr or e n i Le r di no r c ve t J 8,201
s
oym nt ne is
hi ec d, ve f ona d d t e ei he une
2
l te fom Huggi ,whih t c r a s m e i tuef pur e o t sm oto nor a ona e
et r r
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or ona d' emi ton r k
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Te De tofCmt Afar v.Btr i s450U. 248,256( 981.
x. p'
v. f is ldne
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our t lo eec
r s rume ha s aiur o
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ound f t m i t on. See P1' Br.i Opp' t Slm m .
or er na i
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n
no z
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a 1 (i'eonl agumen a ia et t dee nt whihi wihoutmei,i t tpli ifdi
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s he i oft se m a rquii pl ntf t unde gosi e m ...vi ae t ADA....)
c dulng hi xa nd e rng ai if o
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olts he
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Fo t r s s tf t a
r he ea ons e or h bove t c t nc ude t tt r ques e i pe ntm e c l
, he our co l s ha he e
t d nde nde
di a
e mi tonwa pemisbl t r42U. C. 1 1 d)4)A) Acc di y, e to' de ii
xa nai
s r si e mde
S. j 21 2( ( ( . or ngl Elcr s cson
t t r i t hi f r usng t unde go t e i ton di notvi a e t A DA . Se Pore ,
o e m na e m or ef i o
r he xam na i
d
ol t he
e tr
1 F. a 246(i efnd . .ha t ADA al
25 3d t tw i . t t he
lowedAlz
lmowedt rques amediale mi ton
l oe t
c xa nai
fom Po tra t rf r ,t co ny' de ii t tr naehi gorrf i t undegot
r
re nd,hee o e he mpa s cson o emi t m f eusng o
r he
e mi tonldi notvi aet ADA.';seas Br il 61 F. a 11 n. ( di t t
xa nai
d
olt he
' e lo ownfed, 2 3d t 47 2 hol ng ha
)
t pl ntf ' A D A r t la i c a m al o f l snc hi r f r a f a m e c e i ton w a
he ai i f s
e a i ton l i s aied, i e s e e r l or
di al xam na i
s
notunlwf unde j 1 1 d)4)A);Suli n,1 F. a 8l ( di t ta e oyees
a ul r 2l 2( ( ( ) lva 97 3d t 3 hol ng ha n mpl '
r f al o unde go a va i exa i ton ' sno adi c i i t r r as ' ora ad r ee pl e
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ld m na i é t s rm na o y e on' f n ve s m oym nt
i
a ton) J on,1 U. DitLEXI 21 a *1 ( i t t'sve a c ursha hedt t
ci ; ohns 998 S. s.
S 040, t 3 notng ha le r l o t ve l ha
a e lye ' r f a t s b toa o r ltdme ia e a i prpe g o n sf r emiain).
n mp o es eus lo u mit j b-eae dc l x m s o r r u d o tr n to '
Fi l t c tfndsunpe s i Le r s r la e on t f d t the f
naly, he our i
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ound t ee
hr
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t ba l a i n he t m
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rai
t w r
l ona d
cl i st tt sdi c r ca e hi t s pe tt tEl c r wasç s bl s ti hi up f
a m ha hi s ove y us d m o us c ha e t o
t i y e tng m
pos
or
t m i ton, Pl' Br i Opp' t Sum m . a 1 he a know l dge a hi de ii t the has
er na i ' .s . n
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n o
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e d t s poston ha
no e de e t tD e a ha a hi t do w ih t di pos loft ba lbe r ngs ort tt ba l
vi nc ha w r d nyt ng o
t he s a
he l a i , ha he l
be rngswe ei e i l plc i t wrngc ane. Le z De a 1 ($fTodd
ai
r ntntonaly a ed n he o onti r onad p. t 63 1
l
g waj( dli onpur eo s
De r di t
pos r omeo es g d)i onpur e,Idon' k '. Suc
ne le di t
pos
t now.)
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h
uns
upport s
ed pecul i i cl l i fci t es abls t t ass ed bases f hi
aton s eary nsuf i ent o t i h hat he ert
or s
t m i i w er pr extf di lt di i i i
er naton
e et or sabiiy scrm naton. See W ilam sv.Cerber cs I ,871
li
oni , nc.
F.d4 2 4 6(t Ci.1 8 )(( p anifso as rin o dsrmi to i a do
2 5 , 5 4h r 9 5 i A1 litf wn se t s f ic i nain n n f
(
o
t ms l sa ei ufi e t c e s tnta e de eofl ii a enondic i naor r a o
he eve r ns tcint o ountr ubsa il vi nc
eg tm t
s rmi t y e s ns
f a adves e oyme a ton,)
or n
re mpl nt ci ' .
'
Fo a1oft s r s ,t c r c l est tLeona d ha f ie t pr f s fce
r 1 he e ea ons he ou t onc ud ha
r s a ld o ofer ufi int
e i e c o p ee tt a oi s mmayj d me t Ac od n l, e to smoinf rs mma y
v d n e f r tx o v d u r u g n. c r i gy Elcr ' to o u r
j d me t l b g a tdwi r s e tt Le n r ' cam o ds rmiaoy ds h r eu d rt e
u g n wil e rn e t e p c o o ad s li f ici n tr ic ag n e h
h
A DA .
l
I.
Pl nt f s cl m s under t FM LA
ai i f ai
he
Und rt FM LA , e i bl em pl
e he
an lgi e
oyee i e il d t t ke up t t e ve w ee o unpai
s ntte o a
ow l
ks f
d
l
eave durng a t el m ont per od forcert n enum er ed ci cum st
i
w veh i
ai
at
r
ances,i udi when t
ncl ng
he
e pl e s f r f om ( s i hea t condii t tm a st e pl e una e t pe f m t
m oye uf e s r ( erous lh
a
ton ha ke he m oye
bl o r or he
fnci 'Ofhi poston. 29U. C.j261 a ()D) Ane oy wh0tke s hla i
u tons' s ii
S.
2() 1( .
mpl ee
a s uc e ve s
e il upo hi r t n t w or t be r t e t a pos to t ti t s m e a ,o s t nta l
ntted, n s e ur o
k, o
esor d o
ii n ha s he a
s r ubs a i ly
e valntt t postonheoc upidwhe t l vebe n. 29U. C. 261 a . TheFMLA
qui e o,he ii
c e
n he ea ga
S. j 4()
ma i unlwf f a e o t ()'itre ewih,rsri o de t execs o 'rght
kes t a ul or n mplyer o a tnefr t etan, r ny he rie f i s
af de t e oye sbyt saut or( idic r ori a ot rma rdici naea i t
for d o mpl e he tt e, b)û shage n ny he nne srmi t gans
a i vi f o i a prciema t a ulb gheAcl' 29U. C. 261 a . An
ny ndi dual or pposng ny a tc de mlwf y t t.
'
S. j 5()
e pl
m oyeeca brnga i e f r nceca m unde t frtpr bii n orar t la i cli unde t
n i n nt re e
li
r he is ohi to
e a iton am
r he
scondo Se Yas nkov.Har h' NC Ca i Co.LLC,446F. 541 546( hCi.
e
ne. e he
ra s
sno .
3d , 4t r 2006)
.
A.
lnterf
erence cl m
ai
Le r f r tcl i st El t o i t r e e w ih be ist w hi h he w a e il d unde t
ona d i s a m hat ec r n e f r d t neft o c
s ntte
r he
FM LA by pl i hi i un a iy o FM LA l a pe ng t pe f m a e oft i pe nt
ac ng m nvol t rl n
e ve ndi he r or nc
he nde nde
m edi a e m i ton. Le r a s r st the i asr a w ilng a a et w or ' a t tt s
c l xa na i
ona d s e t ha
d
w e dy, li nd bl o
k, nd ha hi
'
16
a to t e ur dhm t u eh sa c e la eu n c saiy. Co la ! 1 . Th UntdS ae
cin i q ie i o s i c nld e v n e e srl ' mp . t ( 8 e ie tts
r
'
C ou tofAppea sf t Fourh Cic thasnota e s d w he he pl ci a e pl e
r
l or he
t r ui
ddr s e
t r a ng n m oye
i l a iy on FM LA l a i a f r ofi e f r nc m a ac i na e by t s a ut Eve
nvo unt r l
e ve s o m
nt r e e e de to bl
he t t e.
n
asumi t t si avi ec us ofa i t c t oncl st Le d' cai i s j c t
s ng hathi s abl a e cton,he our c ude hat onar s l m s ub e to
di m i s .
s s al
The Si h Cic ta a s t be t onl c r ui t thass c f c ly r c ni ed t ti n
xt r ui ppe r o he y ic t ha
pe ii a l e og z ha t
a
e pl rwho f c a em pl e t t ke l vem a cr a ea c a m unde t FM LA . W vs ng v.
m oye
or es n
oye o a ea
y e t li
r he
'
'
o
Dow Che . ,503F. 441 449( h Ci.2007 ( ci ng'l n i untr la cam i
m Co.
3d , 6t r
) desrbi çal nvol a y-e ve li s
ralyat ofi efrnc cai '; seSit v.CDC I sN. ,nc.445F. 1 ,1 (
e l ype ntree e l m' but e sa
)
xi Am.I ,
3d 61 75 2d
Ci. )( di t ttoredla byis l,doesno vi aea rghtprvi dbyt
r 2006 hol ng ha û c e ve, tef
f
t olt ny i
o de
he
FM LA')Fose v. w JesyDe to Trns , F, x670,6 n. (dCi. )(a ;
'; tr Ne re p' f a p.255 App'
71 1 3 r2007 s me)
W ilsv. aCol Ent s.l , F. 41 41 ( hCi.
li Coc
a er. nc.445 3d 3, 7 5t r 2006)( i t 'ii notc rr
notng hattt s ontay
t t FM LA f a e o t beplc on i untr FMLA la '. l r a hi t s
o he
or n mplyee o
a ed nvol ay
e ve' n e c ng hi
)
de sonshowe r t Si h Cic te
cii
ve , he xt r ui mphasz d t ts h cai k i nsonl whe a i t
ie ha uc l m û pe
r
y
n nd f he
e pl e s e FM LA l ave a a l t rda e,a s h l a i nota ia e be us t e pl e
m oye e ks
e
t a e t nd uc e ve s
va l bl ca e he m oye
w a w r uly f c d t us FM LA l a i t pas . W ys
s ongf l or e o e
e ve n he t'
'
ong,503 F. a 449.
3d t
l t sc e, he e i no e de e t tLe r r quesed a tonalFM LA l ve a t r
n hi as t r s
vi nc ha ona d e
t ddii
ea f e
El to a l ge y f c d hi t t kel a pr m a ur l l t a i i undi put t tLe r had
ec r le dl or e m o a e ve e t e y. ns e d, t s
s ed ha ona d
no f t rco m uni to wih t c m pa a t rhi FM LA l a e r
ur he m
ca i n t he o ny fe s
e ve xpied. A c r i y,
co d ngl
be us Leonad' nnots t t( lwasde e FM LA lavet whih ( wa e ildasa
ca e
r G
ca
how ha he
nid
e o c hej s ntte
r ul ofghedefnda jf cng g mjt tkee rirlave'Le r G esno ha avibl
es t t
e nt ori hi o a ale e n' onad d
do t ve a e
FM LA cl i unde t i unt r l ve t or .... 1 a 450,s a s W a kerv. i t
am
r he nvol a y-ea he y
' d. t . ee l o l
'
Trniv
M ai Pr .I ,721F. 542,5 45( hCi.201 )( dngt ttff c lavec n
rne odss nc.
3d
44- 8t r 3 holi ha c ored e a
i
a o tt i t re e ewih arghtpr de unde t FM LA,tc n d s onl i t e pl r s
m un o n e f r nc t i
ovi d
r he
i a o o y f he m oye '
a tonsprve t empl fom usngbeneist whihs i e ildunde t Ac' ; a ev.
ci
e nthe
oyee r
i
ft o c he s ntte
rhe t' Grc
)
Adta I ,470F. x81 81 ( 1hCi. 2)( lni t a es whehe a i untr
rn,nc.
App' 2, 6 1 t r 201 deci ng o ddr s t r n nvol ay
l vec am i a tonabl unde t FM LA,be aus ev unde s ch t or t pl ntf ' cli
ea l i s c i
e
r he
c e, en
r u he y, he ai ifs am
woul notberpesnc s ûaldt rques a tona FMLA la afe g re oyel
d
i i e he i ie o e t ddii l
f
e ve tr he mpl r
algedl f c dhe t tkehe FMLA la prmalr y'
le y ore r o a r
e ve e tzel ).
B.
R et i i cl m
alat on ai
Le
onar a s c a m s i a c l or m a r t the wast m i e i vi ato oft
d l o l i , n onc us y nne , ha
er nat d n ol i n he
FM LA. Se Compl!20(û fnda ' tr nainofpli ifse oymen vi aed.,.
e
.
i e nts emi to
De
antf' mpl
t olt
pl nifsrght unde t ...
aitf i s r he FMLA ....) P1' Br i Opp' t Summ. .a 20(t saedi
' ; .s .n
'
no
J t ' tt n
As
pl nifsCompli , wastr nae ...nvi ai o ...heFM LA ....'. FM LA cams
aitf
anthe
emi td i olton f t
'
)
li
a i i unde a r t la i t or ar a l ze u rt bur n- hitng f am e or ofM c o l
rs ng
r e a i ton he y e na y d nde he de s fi r w k
D nne l
Doug a ,s a. Se Yas nko, F. a 551 Thus i an e pl ye ' s f r h s f c en
l s upr
e
he
446 3d t .
,f m o e k
put o t uf i i t
e d e t e t bls a prm a f c e c e ofr t la i n' a t e pl rçof e s a
vi enc o s a ih
i a i as
e a i t o ' nd he m oye t f r
no dic i i t r e anai n' f rise oym e de son,t empl
n- s rm na o y xpl to ' o t mpl
nt cii he
oyeeç ar t bur n of
' s he de
be
e t bls ng t tt e pl ye ' pr f r e a ton i pr t xtf FM LA r t la i n.' I
s a i hi ha he m o r s of e ed xpl na i s e e or
e a i to ' d.
( i Nihol v. hlndHos Cor ,251F. 496, ( hCi. ).
quotng c s As a
p. o.
3d
502 4t r 2001)
A s di c s above El c r ha pr f r nondi c i i t y r s f t r i tng
s us ed
, e t o s of e ed
s r m na or ea ons or e m na i
Le r s e pl e ,na el hi f iur t m ai a n c m uni a i w ih t c pa hi
ona d' m oym nt m y s a l e o
nt i om
c ton t he om ny, s
f l et a
aiur o ppea f t r
r or he eque t d i pe ntm e ca e m i ton,a hi f lze t r t n t
s e nde nde
di l xa na i nd s ailr o e ur o
w or f l i t e r ton o hi FM LA l ve. l t abs nce ofa evi nc t twoul
k olow ng he xpi a i f s
ea
n he e
ny de e ha
d
c ea e a ge ne i s ofm a e i f c r ga di t l gii a y ofEl c r st nni t o dec son,
r t
nui s ue
t ral a t e r ng he e tm c
e t o' e na i n i i
18
tec u t o cu e ta Elcr i as e tte t s mmayj d me to Le nad sFMLA
h o r c n ld s h t e to s lo n ild o u r u g n n o r '
r alaton cl m .
et i i
ai
C oncl i
us on
F rt ra o sae ,h c u t lg a t h d fnd n ' moi nf rs mmayj d me t
o he e s ns ttd t e o r wil rn t e ee a ts to o u r u g n .
The Cl r i diec e t s nd c r ii d co e oft sm e or ndu opi on and t
e k s r t d o e e tte pi s hi m a m
ni
he
accom panyi or rt a1 counselofr d.
ng de o 1
ecor
EN TER :Thi q
s
d yo Ap i, 201
a f rl 4.
)
Chi fU nied St t D i ti tJ
e
t
a es sr c udge
19
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